Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub sij hawm ntawm kev tsim, cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th pib nyob rau hauv 1881. Lub caij nyoog hloov ntawm qhov centuries yog suav tias yog nws "nyiaj hnub nyoog" (thaum lub sij hawm txuas ntxiv ntawm Pushkin lub "golden age"). Cov kev hloov ntawm 20 th xyoo pua, qhov sib tsoo ntawm ntau haiv neeg thiab lub neej yeej, ua tsis tau, tab sis cuam tshuam rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub tswv yim txawj ntse. Ntau tus kws sau ntawv tsis txaus siab rau qhov kev piav qhia thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm cov teeb meem kev sib raug zoo, feem ntau cov neeg sau ntawv pib xav txog cov lus nug nyob mus ib txhis ntawm lub neej thiab kev tuag, qhov muaj kev zoo thiab kev phem. Lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev coj noj coj ua, cov ntsiab lus tseemceeb yog ib qhov tseemceeb ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv. Russian cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau tsim nyob rau hauv tshiab keeb kwm tej yam kev mob, uas tsis tau, tab sis ua rau nws. Lub tswv yim txawj ntse ntawm lub sij hawm no to taub tias cov kev hloov pauv hauv lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws, thiab chaw pib nyob rau hauv lawv lub neej, yog kev tsis pom zoo. Qee tus neeg tos lawv nrog kev xyiv fab thiab kev cia siab, lwm tus nrog trepidation thiab ntshai heev, uas kis tau mus rau tus neeg nyeem thaum lub sijhawm nyeem ntawv lawv ua haujlwm.

Lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917 faib tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias teb sab phau ntawv no rau hauv ob lub tsev kawm ntawv: "proletarian" cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab emigrants. Ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm tus nraub qaum yog Vladimir Nabokov, feem ntau ntawm nws cov hauj lwm yeej muaj ib txoj lw hauv tsev.

Russian cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau muab peb lub teb chaws thiab lub ntiaj teb no ua ke ib qho tag nrho cov lus tseem ceeb ntawm lo lus. Qhov no siv rau feem ntau paj huam. Cov kws sau paj lug ntawm lub "Silver hnub nyoog" yog: Nikolai Gumilyov, Maximilian Voloshin, Anna Akhmatova, Sergei Yesenin, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Aleksandr BLOK, etc. Thawj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Soviet ntaub ntawv xws li Yesenin thiab Mayakovsky. Tus founder ntawm lub thiaj li hu anti-Soviet ntaub ntawv yog Alexander Blok, uas tau sau lub epic "Kaum Ob" nyob rau hauv cov xyoo.

Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20 yog nthuav tawm los ntawm peb yam tseem ceeb: kev ua tiag, kev paub txog avant-garde thiab modernism, txhua yam uas tau muab faib ua ntau ntxiv. Yog li, niaj hnub nim no tau tso lub hauv paus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kev ua lub cim. Koj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub yav tas yog: Valery Bryusov, Konstantin Balmont, Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Andrei Bely, Alexander BLOK. Cov founders ntawm Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv yog Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam, Nikolai Gumilev.

Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab kos duab nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo kaum xyoo ntawm xyoo pua 20th yog lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov tsis paub qab hau. Creativity Aleksandra Grina amazing txom sib ntaus ntawm fantasy thiab reverie. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ntxias 'cov kws sau paj huam yog sau rau hauv txoj leeg ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb, tshiab romanticism ntawm proletariat. Poets Nechaev, Privalov, Tarasov nyob rau hauv lawv cov lus qhuab qhia, ntuas thiab marches poetic heroic pauv, ntxiv nyob rau hauv lawv ci xim piav qhia txog lub ci, hluav taws kub, hnub poob, crimson kaj ntug.

Txij thaum pib ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, muaj coob tus Soviet sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub battlefield. Cov hauj lwm ntawm lub sijhawm no tau muab sau rau hauv ib qho lus zoo, lawv lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yog kev tawm tsam kev ua phem. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia cov kwv huam txog kev hlub ntawm Akhmatova, Tvardovsky, Tikhonov. Thaum ua tsov ua rog, cov neeg sau ntawv tuaj yeem tig mus rau ntau hom kev ua si ntawm cov ntaub ntawv: cov ntawv, cov dab neeg, cov ntawv tshaj tawm thiab cov ntawv qhia.

Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ob feem ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau ntau lwm yam, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev ua tau zoo: Stalinism, "thaw", stagnation, perestroika. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Russia tau ntsib ntau yam teeb meem ntawm nws txoj kev, qee lub sijhawm muaj kev saib xyuas hauv xeev, qee lub sij hawm tau ua tiav tag nrho nws qhov kev txwv. Niaj hnub no Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog lees paub tag nrho thoob ntiaj teb, cov tswv yim ntawm cov neeg sau phau ntawv Xees Phaj tau nyeem ntawv nyob deb txawv teb chaws, lawv raug tshem tawm ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab, ua yeeb yam hauv cov yeeb yam. Tus txiv neej yeej tsis tau nyeem nyob rau hauv lub neej tej hauj lwm ntawm Solzhenitsyn, Sholokhov, Bulgakov, tiag tiag poob ib tug zoo deal ...