Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws paj huam ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua

Qhov zoo Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lwm yam. Ib qho ntawm feem nthuav thiab feem ntau revealing yog paj huam. Nto moo paj huam ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua muaj ib tug loj cawv rau nws txoj kev loj hlob.

Yuav ua li cas yog paj huam?

Qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm cov kos duab, heev thiab multifaceted. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv, paj huam muaj ib tug tseem ceeb heev. Los ntawm ancient sij hawm mus rau lub hnub tam sim no nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txawv spheres ntawm tib neeg kev ua si. Suffice nws nco qab yuav ua li cas cov neeg hu nkauj ua ke nyob rau cov hnub caiv Zoo siab heev zaj nkauj, ntawv uas tsim lub paj huam ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua, 19th thiab 20th. Nyob rau hauv kev tsov kev rog, poetic kab thiab lub sib nug xov suab paj nruag tsa lub patriotic ntsuj plig ntawm cov tub rog uas tiv thaiv rau cov Fatherland.

Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov hu nkauj serenades nyob rau hauv balconies zoo nkauj cov poj niam - no txoj kev cov txiv neej lees txim lawv tej kev hlub kev xav. Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws paj huam ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua (xws li Friedrich Schiller thiab Robert Burns) tsim kom qab masterpieces uas sawv nyob rau tom qab centuries lub zam qauv rau noble gentlemen hais kwv huam Nyob zoo rau lawv lub siab lub ntsws tej.

Tsaug rau cov paj huam yuav qhia tus cwj pwm txawv, kev xav thiab mus ob peb vas, nws kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub surrounding txheej xwm. Ntawm cov poetic tej hauj lwm tseem ceeb rau hauv paj huam, ua yeeb yam, tshiab nyob rau hauv cov kwv huam. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv, raws li txwv mus prose, muaj ntau txoj kev ntawm Workers artistic hais lus. Niaj hnub no, txawm cov kev hloov suab ntawm lub neej, txawv tastes thiab nyiam, paj huam tseem yog ib tug ncaj ncees luag ntawm tus txiv neej.

Lub sij hawm ntawm tshwm sim ntawm cov paj huam nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab

Lavxias teb sab paj huam sawv nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua. Tham txog lub npe nrov Lavxias teb sab paj huam, peb yuav tsum hais lub npe ntawm Simeona Polotskogo - tus thawj kws sau paj lug, Lavxias teb sab paj huam thiab kev. Nws yus tus kheej li ib tug tseem ceeb zaj paj huam, uas yog rightly suav hais tias yog tsab ntawm tus Ode. Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua kawm tau ntau yam los ntawm nws feem ntau nthuav tej hauj lwm. Xime-oos ntawm Polotsk, raws li tus thawj xib fwb kws sau paj lug ntawm nws lub sij hawm, tau tsim ob collections ntawm syllabic nqe. Lwm zoo tsim nyog ntawm cov kws sau paj lug yog hais tias nws nkag tau rau Moscow nrog ib tug ua txoj kos duab, sau ntawv peb ua nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm medieval mysteries. Cov plays tau staged ntawm muaj koob muaj npe lub tsev hais plaub.

Lavxias teb sab paj huam XVIII xyoo pua

Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua siv nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm syllabic versification. Yog li lawv txuas ntxiv mus tsim thiab kev cai tsim los ntawm Simeon ntawm Polotsk. Txij li thaum lub nruab nrab ntawm no caug xyoo, syllabic versification hloov los ntawm syllabic-tonic nqe. Lub creators ntawm tus tshiab poetic systems twb zoo-paub paj huam ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua: MV Lomonosov, Sumarokov AP thiab Trediakovskii VK Uas twb muaj lawm thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lwm yam uas lawv xav ib Ode qhuas. Great Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov yog tsis muaj tsawg kawg li kws sau paj lug. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, nws siv lub pentameter. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, nws yog pentameter zaj paj huam muab tshwj xeeb splendor thiab generosity. Nws npaj siab siv tag nrho cov hom ntawm zaj lus sib dhos nyob rau hauv cov paj huam.

Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo. daim ntawv teev

1. Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev.
2. Aleksey Andreevich Rzhevsky.
3. Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov.
4. Anna Petrovna Bunina.
5. Anna Sergeevna Zhukova.
6. Andrey Andreevich Nartov.
7. Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir.
8. Vasily Petrovich Petrov.
9. Vasily parrots.
10. Vasiliy Lvovich Pushkin.
11. Vasiliy Kirillovich Trediakovsky.
12. Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin.
13. Gabriel Petrovich Kamenev.
14. Ermil Ivanovich Kostrov.
15. Ivan Semonovich Barkov.
16. Ippolit Fodorovich Bogdanovich.
17. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev.
18. Ivan Petrovich Pnin.
19. Ivan Ivanovich Chemnitzer.
20. Ivan Mihaylovich Dolgoruky.
21. Ivan Perfilevich Elagin.
22. Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.
23. Mihail Ivanovich Popov.
24. Mihail Matveevich Heraskov.
25. Nikolay Nikitich Popovsky.
26. Nikolay Aleksandrovich Lvov.
27. Pavel Pavlovich ICOS.
28. Semon Sergeevich Bobrov.
29. Sergei Nikiforovich Marin.
30. Yakov Borisovich Knyazhnin.

Tus thawj xib fwb kev sib txawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam los ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua Laus Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv

Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin ib kab lus hais txog tus tshiab ua cim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas tuaj nrog lawv cov paj huam los ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo. Yuav ua li cas yog cov muaj siv txawv ntawm no caug xyoo los ntawm ua ntej lawm theem nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv ancient cov ntaub ntawv tsis tuaj kiag li copyright pib. Ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv tau nameless. Ces muaj ib qho kev ua saib tsis taus tej ntaub ntawv, uas corresponded mus rau lub feudal ideology thiab kev cai dab qhuas nco qab. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, cov laus Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv nco dab neeg, qhov chaw uas tus sau kuj pib ploj lawm. Nws yog tus zoo kawg masters ntawm lawv khoom siv tes ua, tab sis yog tsis ntxias nrog ib tug kaj thiab yus tus. Thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob, lub tswv yim ntawm cwm pwm. Thaum lub sij hawm no muaj ib tug tshiab cov ntaub ntawv, qhov chaw uas tus sau pib tuaj rau lub fore. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg tau yug los npaum li cas tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub zoo hnub nyoog ntawm Peter. Cov paj huam ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua thiab lawv tej hauj lwm cim pib ntawm ib tug tshiab lub sij hawm. Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv yog ib tug dynamic thiab ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv cia li 70 xyoo, muaj kev kho nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, uas nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws tau kov yeej centuries.

Tus thawj kauj ruam ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv uas niaj hnub lub sij hawm

Pw ib lub hauvpaus khov rau ib xyoo caum yog peb ntawm cov kws sau paj lug.

Nyob rau hauv 1729, los ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm AD Cantemir tuaj thawj satire, uas qhib ib tug tseem tshiab sib. Nyob rau hauv 1735 VK Trediakovskii txo nws hwj lub hom phiaj los ua ib tug txawv teb chaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab paj huam ua rau kho kom zoo. Syllabic-tonic system npaj los ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, opens pem lub zeem muag ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Nws tseem ceeb thiab txawj ntse, raws li zoo raws li xam lub caij nyoog kom paub meej tias. Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, qhov no system yog siv los ntawm contemporary artists.

Nyob rau hauv 1739, MV Lomonosov tsim Ode "Nyob rau Tos mus ntawm Khotin", relying on tsim Trediakovskij kho kom zoo.

Qhov zoo Lavxias teb sab paj huam Mikhail Lomonosov nws creativity dramatically hloov cov tsos thiab cov ua cim ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, nws lub luag hauj lwm thiab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov kev cai thiab kev lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws. Peb cov ntaub ntawv tau pom zoo nws txoj cai nyob ua ib ke nyob rau hauv lub poetic lwm yam thiab "hais lus" nrog rau cov nyeem ntawv ib tug kiag li cov lus tshiab. Nws mus txog rau lub paj huam ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo. Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm no ntxias yog li ntawd zoo kawg uas rau xyoo paj huam nyob ib tug tseem ceeb txoj hauj lwm. Nws yog ua tsaug rau nws muaj kev vam meej dab tsi prose uas sawv ntawm lub 1760s thiab tau txais nws cov heyday nyob rau hauv lub 30s ntawm lub 19th caug xyoo. Ces, thaum lawv nyob thiab tsim lawv cov cim tsim yaam tshab AS Pushkin thiab NV Gogol. Tom qab hais tias, cov prose yuav siv sij hawm nws cov thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.

xaus

Yog li, lub paj huam ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua pab zoo heev rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm syllabic versification. Yog li lawv txuas ntxiv mus tsim thiab kev cai tsim los ntawm Simeon ntawm Polotsk. Lub creators ntawm tus tshiab system twb poetic: AD Kantemir, MV Lomonosov, AP Sumarokov thiab VK Trediakovskii. Ua tsaug rau lawv, paj huam rau ib xyoo pua nyob ib tug tseem ceeb txoj hauj lwm. Kwv huam los ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua zoo kawg thiab. Lawv twb kov yeej lub siab lub ntsws ntawm ntau nyeem.