Lexical norms ntawm lus Lavxias teb sab

Lexical norms yog cov qauv siv los ntawm txoj cai ntawm kev siv thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov lus raug tswj. Siv tus tom kawg yog txiav txim los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv lexical lub ntsiab. Lexical ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv txoj kev yuav tsum tau hu ua cov ntsiab lus lus, uas qhia txog tus saib ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg txog cov kev kawm los yog cov txheej txheem thaj chaw ntawm yam khoom los sis tshwm sim.

Lexical norms txhais cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov tsim nyog thiab siv cov lus los yog kev hais lus, nyob ntawm seb nws lub ntsiab lus, qhov tseeb thiab kev ua zoo li cas. Qee lub sij hawm cov tib neeg sim qhia lawv txoj kev xav hauv lawv lub siab, tab sis, muaj cov lus me me, lawv rov hais tib co lus, xav tau zoo heev. Saib qhov no monologue los ntawm zoo nkauj funny, tab sis hais tias yog yuav ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv no "hais lus" tsuas yog sickening.

Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, muaj cov yeeb ncuab zoo tshaj plaws uas sau los ntawm Agniya Barto. Lawv tham txog hais tias tus ntxhais tau mloog nws zaj dab neeg txog nws tus tij laug laus txog nws tus yeeb yaj kiab.

Lawv hais rau nws - lub sijhawm!

Nws hais rau lawv!

Tab sis ntawm no xwb

Nws cawm nws.

Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev hais lus, thaum cov kev cai ntawm lexical raug yuam ua raws li qhov tseeb, vim cov lus tsis txaus siab ntawm kev qhia meej meej ntawm tus neeg hais lus kev xav.

Niaj hnub no, qhov "kev mob nkeeg" no raug ntau rau cov tub ntxhais hluas. Kev nrhiav tsis tau lo lus zoo, tus neeg nplaig-neeg muaj kev ywj pheej rau kev siv lo lus-kab ntsig, txoj kev taug kev thiab cov kab lus phem.

Qhov thib ob qho tseem ceeb heev nam ntawm txoj cai ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj hais lus, uas yog tseem muaj nyob rau hauv lub lexical cai - nws Collocations. Piv txwv li, feem ntau ntawm hom lus Lavxias qhia tias "laus laus laus" yog siv, tab sis cov kab lus "tus ntxhais hluas" tuaj yeem ua rau lub luag haujlwm xwb. Ib yam li kev ua txhaum ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, kev lom zem tuaj nrog cov kab lus "tsaug zog thiab tsis muaj menyuam", "pathologically incurably healthy" lossis "speaking function".

Muaj qee qhov kev ua txhaum ntawm lexical norms hauv cov lus, raws li ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntsiab lus - cov lus uas yuav ua tau ib leeg-hauv paus thiab zoo ib yam hauv lub suab, thiab sib raug zoo ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov kev xav, tab sis txawv ntawm lub ntsiab lus meej. Piv txwv, cov no yog cov lus "seem tshuav" thiab "tseem", "nyiaj txiag" thiab "nyiaj txiag".

Lexical norms tseem tsis pub tsis muaj tseeb hauv kev siv cov lus. Cov lus tso dag, uas tsim los ntawm kev hais lus tsis zoo los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv tej hauj lwm, tsis tuaj yeem tawm ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Ntawm chav kawm, cia li xav hauv daim duab: Onegin "tso zis" nrog cologne! Los yog ntawm no: Tatiana yog caij rau hauv ib lub carriage "nrog ib tus neeg tsa sawv rov los" !! Los yog cov kab lus hais txog lub ris lub ris, "los ntawm qhov uas koj tuaj yeem pom nws cov neeg tuaj ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog" !!!

Thiab ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub tsev muag khoom koj tuaj yeem pom daim ntawv sau npe, alas, tsis muaj tsev kawm ntawv: "Nkag mus rau ntawm qhov anus", thiab hauv chav noj mov: "Tsis txhob dunk koj cov ntiv tes thiab qe ..."

Lexical cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus tsis tso pleonasm, uas yog nyob ze nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus siv muaj. Piv txwv, cov neeg hu ua "bold and brave man" thiab "dawb vacancy", "cov muaj zog tshaj" thiab "ntsiab essence".

Ntau zoo absurd tautology nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus - kev siv cov single-paus lus. "Organize ib lub koom haum," "sau cov ntaub ntawv," "prick a injection," "qhia ib zaj dab neeg," txhuam koj cov plaub hau "tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov pearls uas feem ntau siv rau kev hais lus los ntawm ib co neeg Lavxias teb sab.

Tsis pom zoo rau cov kev cai lexical tau muab rau qhov teeb meem hais lus li kev hais lus tsis txaus. Nyob rau ntawm Dontsova muaj ib qho kev cuam tshuam thaum niam txiv, tuaj rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv sib tham nrog tus xibfwb qhia ntawv ntawm tus menyuam, pom hauv cov khaub ncaws ua ib qho kos npe: "Khuam rau cov xib fwb".

Tab sis, yog tias koj ua tib zoo saib thiab xav txog nws, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau yam xws li tawm qhov txhia chaw! Thaum koj paub tias cov qauv ntawm kev sau ntawv Lavxias teb chaws feem ntau yog cov neeg Lavxias uas yuav tsum txaus siab rau lawv cov lus thiab kev coj noj coj ua, lawv ua rau lawv quaj.

Gentlemen ntawm lub Russians! Cia peb sim hais lus nyob rau hauv txoj cai, kev txawj ntse, lus Askiv zoo nkauj, uas tau sau cov ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm Pushkin thiab Lermontov, Dostoevsky thiab Tolstov, Prishvin, Leskov, Fet thiab lwm tus.