Literature 18th xyoo pua

XVIII xyoo pua yog lub xyoo pua ntawm kev txawj ntse. Nws absorbed lub ancient kab lis kev cai thiab lub achievements ntawm tus Renaissance. Tej yam loj loj nyob rau hauv science, ethics thiab kev ua tau yog muaj ib tug ntaub ntawv ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua, uas tau ua ib tug invaluable pab rau lub ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai. Enlightenment muab sawv mus rau lub Fabkis kiv puag ncig kiag li hloov lub kev txiav txim ntawm cov teb chaws Europe.

Literature ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua tau txais kev pab mas kawm zog, nws heralds los ua tus great philosophers thiab sau ntawv. Lawv muaj ib tug zoo kawg npaum li cas ntawm kev txawj ntse, tej zaum encyclopedic, thiab tsis yog tsis muaj yog vim li cas mus ntseeg tau hais tias tsuas yog ib tug enlightened neeg muaj peev xwm hloov lub ntiaj teb no. Lawv nqa lawv humanistic tswv yim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas muaj mas philosophical treatises. Cov hauj lwm tau sau rau ib tug ncaj ntau yam ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv, txawj xav thiab yog vim li cas. Tus sau phau ntawv vam mus tau hnov los ntawm ntau tus neeg.

Ntawm 1720 thiab lub 1730s nws yog hu ua enlightenment classicism. Nws lub ntsiab ntsiab lus yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub sau ntawv tau luag thuam tus tsis monarchy, raws li nyob rau hauv cov piv txwv ntawm ancient kos duab thiab ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov tej hauj lwm xav pathos thiab heroism, uas yog aimed ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm cov creation ntawm lub xeev ntawm lub vaj kaj siab.

Txawv teb chaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua puas tau ib tug ntau. Nws twb tau mus qhia cov cim uas muaj tseeb patriots. Rau hauv pawg no ntawm cov neeg koob pheej ntawm lawv, fraternity thiab txoj kev ywj pheej yog cov ntsiab tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov cim yog kiag li devoid ntawm tus kheej, tseem, lawv nyias muaj nyias tsuas sublime mob siab rau.

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Enlightenment classicism los Enlightenment realism uas coj cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg los ze zog mus rau lub tswv yim. Txawv teb chaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua tau txais ib tug tshiab kev coj, ib tug ntau tseeb thiab kev ywj pheej. Sau ntawv yog xa mus rau ib tug txiv neej piav nws lub neej, tham txog nws qhov mob thiab kev nyuaj siab. Language novels thiab kwv huam ntawm sau ntawv txhawb kom lawv txawj nyeem ntawv rau txoj kev hlub tshua thiab kev khuv leej. Enlightened neeg ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua pib nyeem tej hauj lwm ntawm Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, Montesquieu, Lessing, Fielding thiab Defoe. Lub ntsiab cim - zoo tib yam neeg uas tsis tau mas cov pej xeem kev ua tau yog, heev lam tau lam ua thiab feem ntau tsis paub pab. Tus sau phau ntawv ntawm cov hauj lwm yog tseem nyob deb rau ntawm tiag txawj dluab ntawm lub heroes ntawm lub 19th thiab 20th centuries, tab sis tau pom ib tug tseem ceeb ua haujlwm ntawm ib tug ntau tseem ceeb heev cim piav qhia.

Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua originates los ntawm lub transformation ntawm Peter kuv, yog maj hloov rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm enlightened classicism rau realism. Mas cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub sij hawm no twb sau phau ntawv xws li Antioch Cantemir Trediakovskii thiab Sumarokov. Lawv tau tsim ib tug fertile av rau Lavxias teb sab av rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sau ntawv txuj ci. Undeniable merits Lomonosov, Fonvizin, Derzhavin, Radishchev thiab Karamzin. Peb qhuas tseem muaj lawv tej txuj ci thiab kev ua pej xeem.

English ntaub ntawv ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua tsiag ntawv los ntawm tsim ntawm ntau ntau yam lus qhia. Lub British yog cov thawj siv xws lwm yam raws li kev sib raug zoo thiab tsev neeg cov dab neeg, uas nyob rau hauv Richardson tus txuj ci, Smollett, Stevenson, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Swift, Defoe thiab Fielding. Cov sau ntawv uas hais nyob rau ntawm cov thawj thuam tsis yog tus bourgeois kev txiav txim thiab lub bourgeois lawv tus kheej, lawv ncaj ncees thiab raug cai qhov tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los, Dzhonatan Svift swung nyob rau hauv nws irony thiab heev bourgeois system, uas qhia nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm feem ntau tsis zoo sab ntawm nws. English ntaub ntawv ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua yog hais raws li ib tug tshwm sim hu ua sentimentalism. Nws yog lawm ua tus sau nrog kho siab heev thiab tsis muaj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj thiab aims tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xav yuav hlub cov ntsiab lus.