Lo lus nrog unstressed ntawv niam. Unstressed ntawv niam. Unverifiable unstressed ntawv niam

Lavxias teb sab lus yog paub tias yuav tsum yog ib tug ntawm cov richest nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Lexical qauv yog li ntawd ntau haiv neeg uas nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau tus txheej txheem kev cai, muaj ntxiv kev cai, xam thiab lwm yam cuab yeej los pab txhawb lub duab sawv cev ntawm kev hais lus. Spelling combines cov kev cai yuav ua li cas kom raug sau lus thiab muaj nuj nqis qhov chaw. Cov kev qhuab qhia muaj cov lus qhia txog defisnyh thiab cov style, siv cov niam ntawv loj thiab yuav ua li cas mus. Tag nrho cov spelling tau hu no system. Muaj peb tej ntsiab cai ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub yam ntxwv hais lus: morphological, phonetic thiab semantic. Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav saib ib co kev cai uas muaj lus (Lavxias teb sab).

Unstressed ntawv niam: ib tug txheej txheem cej luam

Siv graphics, sau lus sib sau ua lub cim nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo yam thiab grammatical daim ntawv. Vim li no cov qauv, lub system nws tsuas muaj tib duab duab. Nws feem ntau yog muaj ib tug tej yam muaj nuj nqis, tsis muaj feem xyuam rau lub suab sab ntawm lub caij ntawm kev hais lus. Tag nrho unstressed ntawv niam nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob peb pawg. Rau txhua ntawm lawv muaj nws cov kev cai. Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav saib li cas yuav muab ib lo lus nrog unstressed ntawv niam.

ntau tus neeg mob

Pib kawm unstressed ntawv niam, verifiable sis. Cia peb mus pib lub sij hawm. Detectable unstressed ntawv niam yog hais uas ua rau ib txhia tsis ntseeg thaum uas sau ntawv nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub. Muaj lus hais tias yog questionable suab nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj zog txoj hauj lwm rau kov yeej tej kev teeb meem. Tsaug rau no txawj sau ntawv pom, yuav ua li cas kom zoo zoo sau unstressed ntawv niam nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus. Piv txwv li: cov dej (aqueous) thiab tshav kub kub (kub), hma liab (hma liab). Cov hais lus ntsiab yog tam sim no verifiable unstressed ntawv niam.

lexical qauv

Qhov saum toj no piav unstressed cim paus verifiable sis. Xav txog cov ntaub ntawv nyob qhov twg muaj tsis muaj lo lus nug nyob rau hauv cov qauv nyob rau hauv uas nws yuav muaj tseeb yuav ua li cas sau ntawv ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv lub "tsis muaj zog" txoj hauj lwm. Uas yog, yog unverifiable unstressed ntawv niam. Tej yam zoo li nyob rau hauv txaus kom muaj nuj nqis muaj nyob rau hauv cov kev siv phau ntawv. Lawv yuav tsum nco ntsoov. Qhov no, piv txwv li, dab tsi zoo ntawm cov lo lus? Unstressed ntawv niam muaj thiab borrowed thiab thawj Lavxias teb sab tsim: vinaigrette, utilitarian vaj, ib lub sam xeeb. Nyob rau tib lub daim ntawv teev, cov lus thaiv steak cannonade teg num macaque. Lawv kuj muaj xws li cov lo lus Roj, ib tug demagogue, ib tug holster, ntaus tis-qaib, airship, bondage, criminology, panorama, optimism eulogy. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev yog haum zoo-paub lub tswv yim: tsis meej pem, delusion, chaw tos txais, bagpipes, delicacy, nqi, pov tseg daim ntawv, lub ntees. Unverifiable unstressed ntawv niam tam sim no nyob rau hauv hais xws li: av nplaum, band, ntiv nplhaib, nplhaib, scrag, qhov, haiv neeg, Esperanto. Thiab qhov no yog tsis tag nrho daim ntawv. Thaum pib ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm cov lug sau ntawv feem ntau xa mus rau cov phau ntawv reference.

txuas cov tsiaj ntawv

Nyob rau hauv ib tug hais lus txawv lus nrog unstressed ntawv niam siv. Nyob rau hauv ib co designs, cov tsiaj ntawv ua ib tug txuas muaj nuj nqi. Qhov no yuav tsum tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsim ntawm complex lug. Feem ntau, cov lug muaj ob lo lus (cov hauv paus hniav). Txuas kev ua yog ua los ntawm tej yam tsiaj ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob yooj yim yuav tsum nco ntsoov uas unstressed ntawv niam yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov qauv.

Piv txwv li, thaum fusion ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb cov cim siv "e" thiab "o". Lub txuas cim yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv tom qab tus txiv leej tub thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyuaj consonants. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, siv lub "o". Thaum paired, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm mos mos thiab sov "n" thiab "g" siv "e". Piv txwv ntawm cov lo lus, qhov twg muaj cov tsiaj ntawv: outlook storublovy, cuab, hay, kho cov av nkos, yaj, cov laus, ib txhiab xyoo, Moskvoretsky, cuaj caum, recorder. Cov tib daim ntawv teev yuav muaj xws li: chaw ua hauj lwm, uas, lub tshuab nqus tsev nqus tsev vacuum, ntub-xim, explorer. Rau hauv qeb nyob rau hauv saib xyuas xws li: cov pej xeem, lub suab engineer, maslosyrovarenny, tshuaj yej. Cov xws lug yog tseem tam sim no: nees yug me nyuam thiab nees tub sab, cov ntshav thiab nqaij doog, thiab pesnetvorchestvo chant dalnepritselny thiab farsighted, thiab lwm tus neeg.

Cov tsab ntawv "o", "ib tug", "kuv", "thiab", "s"

Xav txog lwm yam compound lus nrog unstressed ntawv niam. Cov tsab ntawv "o" ua sau tom qab lub "e" los yog "thiab" nyob rau hauv cov lug uas muaj cov thawj feem ntawm cov kev qhia tswj rau -s, -iya thiab -eya. Piv txwv li: cov kab mob (bacillicarriers), kev cai dab qhuas (kev cai dab qhuas), tshuaj (kws khomob), lub raj cua (tracheobronchitis), keeb kwm (historiography), tsev cia puav pheej (museology, tiam sis ib tug kos: museology). Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, nws muab lub "e" thiab "o" cov tsiaj ntawv, coinciding nrog cov ntaub ntawv xaus ntawm kev hais lus hais, feem ntau ntawm uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv txoj kev sib txuas. thov:

1. "Kuv" - nyob rau hauv cov lus uas muaj hauv thawj ib nrab:

• "Nws tus kheej" (piv txwv li, nws tus kheej xwb, tab sis muaj lus-kev zam: tus nqi);
• "Lub sij hawm" (piv txwv li: yam taw tes uas vremyaischislenie);
• "Lub npe": (imiaslavie);
• "Noob" (ovule; tab sis zam: semenohranilische, imenoslov, noob).

2. "A" - nyob rau hauv hais tej lus li hais li "chim" thiab "npau taws" thiab kuj nyob rau hauv lug nyob rau hauv uas tus thawj qhov chaw yog:

• "Ntawm plaub caug" (sorokasvechovy, fortieth, plaub caug-teev, tab sis: Tej lus thov, kab lij tshooj);
• "Sesquilinear" (kaum-yim lub hlis, polutoratonny, polutorastaletny).

"Thiab" thiab "s"

Cov tsab ntawv "thiab" siv nyob rau hauv cov lus uas yog nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab, ib txhia numerals. Piv txwv: xya lub hlis, kaum-xyoo, sixtieth, tridtsatitomny, txoj hlua peb, trefoil, triipostasny, trinity (tab sis: kos, daim duab peb sab). Cov tib daim ntawv teev muaj xws li xws lug li: flirt, daredevil-Stepin txiv ntxawm vyrviglaz.

1. Nyob rau hauv compound lus (nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm lub thawj ib nrab) muab "thiab" thiab "tab sis":

• huab cua, aqua, mega-, media, Maxi, millimeter, mini (raws li tau zoo raws li tag nrho cov lus muaj hauv thawj ib feem).

2. Cov "thiab" kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm cov lo lus:

• -METER '(e.g., dosimetry);
• -fitsirovat thiab -fikatsiya (e.g., electrified).

3. Cov tsab ntawv "s" yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tej lus hais, xws li, e.g., "Anne-Petrovnin" los yog "Baba Dusya tus".

borrowed designs

Muaj ib co ntsiab ntawm kev hais lus, uas yuav tsis thov cai ntawm spelling. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg lub hauv paus lo lus mus rau ntau yam lus. Piv txwv li, lub unstressed coupling "paj", "la" (rooj vag, tshooj) ua nepolnoglasnymi, qub Slavic keeb kwm thiab yeej ib txwm sau ntawv nrog tsab ntawv "ib tug". Thaum lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus nrog no thaum lawv tseem, noj hnub no, sau raws nkaus Ii "oro", "ARD" (rooj vag, lub taub hau).

spelling cai yuav tsis tau txuas mus rau txawv teb chaws hais lus tsim, raws li cov lus uas muaj unstressed ntawv niam tej zaum yuav sib txawv los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv uas cov xav tias cov tivthaiv yog nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj zog txoj hauj lwm.

Cov kev cai rau tus hais lus hais nrog alternating "on" thiab "ib tug"

Ib txhia verbs nyob rau hauv zoo meej daim ntawv (yog hais tias nws yog ib lo lus nrog ib tug unaccented cim "o" piv txwv li) yuav siv tsis tau kom paub tseeb lub tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg txhaum qhia txog kev ua. Piv txwv li: ua lig - lig, tiam sis tsis lig; nqos - pas, tsis nqos, thiab hais txog. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob yuav siv tsis tau kom paub tseeb yog neeg txhaum verbs nrog lub suffix -iva- (-yva-). Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis ntseeg, "stomp" siv ib daim ntawv ntawm "trampling", tab sis tsis "ntaug taw".

Mob ntawm alternation "e" thiab "kuv"

Yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo sau lus nrog cov homonymous cov hauv paus hniav. Nyob rau hauv xws Siv questionable ntsiab yog cov lus hais tib yam, tab sis lawv yog qhia rau sau ntawv cim txawv. Yuav muab piv officers zaum (zaum) thiab tig txho (ETS). Tom qab ib tug mos mos tsiaj ntawv thiab ib tug uas sov tsab ntawv "e" yog cov lus hais raws li tus sis raws li "e" thiab "o". Thaum sau ntawv xws li "f" thiab "g". Piv txwv li: rustle (rustling) thiab txhob lo lo ntxhuav (txhob lo lo ntxhuav).

Sau ntawv doubtful cov tsiaj ntawv tom qab lub "c"

Thaum sau ntawv ib tug uas tsis yog-Lavxias teb sab lub npe, rau Piv txwv li, qhov chaw npe, tom qab lub tsiaj ntawv "n" nyob rau hauv cov lus yuav tsum tau sau ntawv "u" thiab "kuv." Piv txwv li: Zurich. Yog hais tias ib tug suab stroke, sau ntawv yuav tsum tau "on", yog hais tias tus ntawv no yog zoo pronounced. Nws yog tsim nyog los sau nyob rau hauv lub derivatives ntawm lo lus. Piv txwv li: clatter, tsokotat. Tsis tas li ntawd, siv tsab ntawv "o" yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Lo lus. Piv txwv li: Duke. Thaum sau cov lus nrog tsab ntawv "c" yog fundamentally tsim nyog los sau tsab ntawv "thiab" es tsis txhob "s", piv txwv li, lo lus "circus". Tab sis qhov no txoj cai, muaj ib co kev zam thaum lo lus yog tsim nyog los sau tsab ntawv "s": Roma, nqaij qaib, nyob rau tiptoe, tsyts thiab lawv derivatives. Lawv yuav tsum nco ntsoov.

Nyuaj mob nyob rau hauv txawv

Muaj ib co designs uas tsis poob nyob rau hauv cov kev cai. Lawv yuav tsum nco ntsoov. Piv txwv li, thaum uas sau ntawv xws lus raws li "velvet" yog siv nyob rau hauv lub muaj zog txoj hauj lwm ntawm tsab ntawv "ib tug" (velvet), tab sis nyob rau hauv lub unstressed txoj hauj lwm siv yuav "on" (velvet ribbon). Thaum sau ntawv ntawm tus hais lus yam khoom raws li "me nyuam" ib tug tsis muaj zog txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum tau sau ntawv "e". Cov tib tsab ntawv kuj siv tau mas lo lus "cov me nyuam", qhov twg lub luag Iwm haiv neeg yog sau thiab "e", thiab muab tau los ntawm nws - "cov me nyuam". Txawm li cas los, thaum uas sau ntawv ib tug hais lus lub caij "tus me nyuam" yuav tsum tau siv tsab ntawv "thiab". Raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lo lus "kuv tus me nyuam", uas yog sau los ntawm tus sis "thiab". Teeb meem yuav tshwm sim nrog xws li hais lus caij raws li ib tug "magnet". Qhov no lo lus (Greek nyob rau hauv keeb kwm) nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm ib tug-paus lug tau nyuab siab cim "e", thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis muaj zog txoj hauj lwm, lub suab yog xws li "f" thiab "thiab." QAUV: hlau nplaum, cov hlau nplaum; xov tooj cua, magnetism.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm xws li ib tug txawv variants txhawb kev sau ntawv sab kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv lub introductory ib feem ntawm txoj lus nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv "e" los yog "thiab". Lawv kuj txawv nyob rau hauv hais. Thaum lub hauv paus ntawm cov nyiaj txiag sij hawm "debit" tus thib ob cim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus lo lus yog ib txwm unstressed. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib arrangement, raws li cov "debit", nws kis tau tsab ntawv "e", raws li nyob rau hauv lo lus "debtor" - tsab ntawv "thiab". Tsim cov lus xws li "kab mob" thiab "tua" nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub luag Iwm haiv neeg yog sau ntawv "e". yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis muaj zog txoj hauj lwm "thiab". Thaum sau ntawv sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov kev siv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv muaj peev xwm piav txog cov qauv ntawm qhov uas keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub tseeb sau yog ua li cas siv ib tug siv phau ntawv.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm spelling xyaum

Spelling ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm lus sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv. Qhov tseeb, ntawm chav kawm, ua rau nws heev tseem ceeb disciplines rau zej zog. Spelling thiab lub system suab paus ntawm cov lus txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv kev yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev sis raug zoo. Cov spelling cai yuav tsum rau tag nrho cov neeg uas sau ntawv, nws tsis muaj nqi, yog tus neeg ib tsab ntawv, ib tsab xov xwm, ib daim ntawv qhia los yog ib tug ad nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm. Tsis muaj lub zem qhov txawv pib kawm nrog cov thawj tsev kawm ntawv. Rau cov me nyuam nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm raws li ib tug ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. Thaum sau ntawv ib haiv neeg Lavxias teb sab los yog borrowed lus yuav tsum tau siv nruj me ntsis tsim kev cai. Yog hais tias lub uas muaj xwm txheej txoj hauj lwm tsis yog kawm los ntawm tej yam lawv, koj yuav tsum xa mus rau tus neeg ua tim khawv, mus nrhiav tau ib tug tham cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua kom nco txog nws.