Louis-Nicolas Davout. Lub tsuas Marshal ntawm Napoleon, uas tsis tau poob ib zaug xwb sib ntaus sib tua

Lui Nikola Davu - ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws generals ntawm lub Napoleonic Wars. Yog tus tsuas yog Marshal ntawm Napoleon, tsis poob ib zaug xwb sib ntaus sib tua. Cia wb mus ze zog saib lub biography thiab achievements ntawm no nto moo tub rog commander.

Childhood thiab kev kawm

Lub neej yav tom ntej kev yug nyob rau hauv Burgundy, May 10, 1770 mus rau hauv ib tug noble tsev neeg. Lui Nikola twb tsa nyob rau hauv ib tug tub rog lub tsev kawm ntawv commune Brienne-le-Château. Nws yog nthuav kom nco ntsoov tias xyoo ua ntej nws nkag mus rau hauv tib lub tsev kawm ntawv nws kawm tiav los ntawm Napoleon Bonaparte. Yog muaj tseeb rau cov tsev neeg kev lig kev cai, nyob rau hauv 1788 Davoust pib nws kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub cavalry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev, uas yav tas los tau txais kev pab raws li nws txiv thiab nws yawg.

Fabkis kiv puag ncig

Thaum cov Fabkis kiv puag ncig, mus pib ua tub rog, tsis xav ob zaug, kuv txiav txim siab los mus tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm lub revolutionary neeg. Txij li thaum cov tub rog khiav los yog pw tawm ntau ntawm UFW ntawm cov Bourbons, nws nyob ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm tsis muaj posts. Lawv coj cov tub ntxhais khiav dej num, thiab nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, txawm lub dog dig tub rog nrog coj noj coj ua instincts. Louis-Nicolas Davout yog ib tug ntawm tub ceev xwm uas tshuav lawv sawv ntawm lub kiv puag ncig thiab lub yeej tshaj qhov Bourbons. Los ntawm 1794 mus 1797 Davoust nyob rau hauv lub nyob qib Brigadier general nws tau tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv Cov Qib ntawm Army ntawm lub Rhine. Txawm li cas los, tam sim no mus qaum ntuj mus Olympus ib tug commander ntawm koob meej Davoust pib nyob rau hauv lub banner ntawm Bonaparte.

Iyiv ntoj ke mus kawm

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1798 mus 1801 nrog rau cov nyob qib loj General Davoust koom nyob rau hauv Napoleon lub Egyptian ntoj ke mus kawm. Nws twb tau txais kev hais kom ua ntawm Fabkis cavalry. Nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Aboukir, uas tshwm sim nyob rau lub rau hli ntuj 25, 1799, ib tug hluas warlord tshwj xeeb distinguished. Nyob rau hnub ntawd, 7000th Fabkis pab tub rog tua yeej cov 15 thousandth Turkish tub rog commander los ntawm lub npe ntawm Mustafa Pasha. Ob feem peb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog poob rau hauv lub battlefield, thiab tus so, nrog rau Mustafa Pasha, surrendered. Ib tug me me cia corps, uas nws commander yog Lui Davu, ua ib tug enormous pab mus rau txoj kev yeej no. Muaj ntau historians yog inclined mus ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv no sib ntaus sib tua, Bonaparte xam tau tias yog ib tug hero ntawm peb cov kev sib tham, fearless thiab muaj peev xwm commander.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov neeg Iyiv ntoj ke mus kawm tau crowned nrog tag tsis ua hauj lwm rau Fabkis, nws qhib ib tug ntau ntawm cov npe tshiab, uas nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej thiab tuav cov tub rog hwjchim ci ntsa iab ntawm Napoleon. General Lui Davu thaum lub sij hawm no sib ntaus sib tua yog nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze Bonaparte lub entourage, uas confidently mus ntawm sab saum toj ntawm lub tsoom fwv.

cov nyob qib ntawm Marshal

Tam sim ntawd tom qab lub Egyptian ntoj ke mus kawm Dawa ntse coj cov cavalry ntawm lub Italian tub rog ntawm Bonaparte, uas tau tiv thaiv nrog lub Austrians. Nyob rau hauv 1804, tus hero ntawm cov neeg Iyiv ntoj ke mus kawm thiab huab tais ntawm lub Italian lub tuam txhab twb muab tsub lub nyob qib Marshal ntawm Fabkis thiab Napoleon tus adviser txaus.

Tus thawj zoo nyob rau hauv hais kom ua ntawm lub corps

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1805 mus 1814 coj los Marshal Davoust Corps. Nyob rau hauv 1805, nws pab neeg tau qhia lawv tus kheej zoo nyob rau hauv Ulm, qhov twg ntawm huab tais tus tub rog yeej lub Austrian pab tub rog. Baron von Mack Layberih - Chief ntawm lub Austrians, nrog rau ib tug 30-txhiab tub rog twb yuam kom zwm rau cov yeeb ncuab, rau cov uas nws twb raug txim mus rau 20 xyoos nyob rau hauv tsev rau txim los ntawm ib tug tub rog tribunal.

Lub kaum hli ntuj 9, 1805 pawg ntseeg Davoust ntse hla tus Danube, hovering nyob rau hauv Gunzburg thiab hla lub cheeb tsam. Austrians uas tiv thaiv lub Danube nroog, yuav tsum tau thim rov qab tom qab hnyav sib ntaus sib tua.

Marshal Davout yog ib tug ntawm cov active koom nyob rau hauv lub nres rau ntawm lub pab tub rog ntawm Bonaparte Vienna. Kaum ib hlis 8 ntawm lub taub hau ntawm nws lub cev nyob ze lub nroog ntawm Mariazell, nws yeej lub sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv cov Austrian corps, coj los ntawm General von Meerfeldom. Nyob rau hauv no sib ntaus sib tua, cov Fabkis tswj kom coj 4000 neeg raug kaw. Lub yeej yog tus defining kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Vienna txoj hmoo.

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Austerlitz

Hlis ntuj nqeg 2, 1805 nyob rau hauv Austerlitz sib ntaus sib tua coj qhov chaw, tau nqis mus rau hauv keeb kwm raws li lub "sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Peb emperors". Nyob rau hnub ntawd, lub Fabkis pab tub rog yeej muaj hwjchim kov yeej lub phooj ywg Lavxias teb sab-Austrian pab tub rog. Austerlitz yeej yog qhov kawg rau anti-Fabkis coalition, thiab rau tus Vaj Roman faj tim teb chaws. Franz II - kawg huab tais ntawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws, xaus nrog Napoleon kev sib haum xeeb yog ib tug Roman Emperor Francis thawj. Lub historic cev qhuav dej ntawm ib zaug mighty faj tim teb chaws ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm, thiab Fabkis commander Davoust.

Lub yen-Auershtedtskoe sib ntaus sib tua

Nyob rau hauv 1806, ib tug commander biography Davoust Iwj nrog tshiab yeej. Lub yen-Auershtedtskom sib ntaus sib tua coj qhov chaw ntawm Napoleon thiab Prussian armies nyob Lub kaum hli ntuj 14, lub Marshal yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab lam. Lub sib ntaus sib tua twb muab faib ua ob theem. Tus thawj coj qhov chaw nyob rau Auerstadt, thiab lub thib ob - nyob rau ntawm lub jenÅ. Corps Marshal Lui Davu scored nyob rau hauv thawj theem.

Marshal tau muab hais kom ua ntawm cov thawj tis ntawm cov imperial pab tub rog. Nyob rau hauv nws hais kom ua muaj 26 txhiab tus txiv neej thiab 44 phom. Davoust ua tawm tsam rau sab laug flank ntawm lub Prussian pab tub rog coj los ntawm tus Duke of Brunswick, uas muaj xws li 54 000 cov tub rog thiab 230 phom. Ib tug kev sib raug zoo ntawm rog txaus rau unambiguously ntsuam xyuas muaj peev xwm ntawm ob tog. Cuaj kaum, nyob rau hauv qhov loj tshaj plaws sib ntaus sib tua Davoust yuav tsis tau tsuas yog defeat tus yeeb ncuab rog, tab sis kuj yuav tua nws cov thawj coj.

Nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm jenÅ, lub Fabkis pab tub rog ntawm Napoleon tus kheej kev tswj. Nws kiag li yeej cov tub rog commander ntawm lub Prussian tub huabtais Hohenlohe. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv no sib ntaus sib tua ntawm qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawm lub hwj chim nws yog yuav luag sib npaug. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub yen-Auershtedtskoy sib ntaus sib tua, lub Fabkis pab tub rog poob 11 txhiab tus neeg, 7 ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv Auershtedtskoe sib ntaus sib tua.

aristocratic title

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1806 Louis-Nicolas Davout twb yuam mus fim cov Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Hlis ntuj nqeg 24 nws lub cev, nrog rau Napoleon tus pab tub rog hla tus dej steepening, thiab thaum hmo ntuj nyob rau hauv Czarnowo rog tau lub 15000th Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Nyob rau hauv no sib ntaus sib tua, cov Fabkis poob txog ib nrab ntau li ntau Lavxias teb sab.

Lub ci ntsa iab yeej ntawm Auerstadt Davoust yuav tsis mus unnoticed, thiab Napoleon honored general, tsis tsuas qhov kev txiav txim tab sis kuj cov mus saib xyuas npe ntawm Duke Auershtedtskogo. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias Napoleon Bonaparte, ua ib tug neeg uas ib tug neeg txom nyem Corsican-Italian noble tsev neeg, los ua tus huab tais ntawm Fabkis, generously muab lub npe ntawm nws cov thwjtim, yog li sim los tsim ib tug tshiab cov neeg tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub xeev.

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Ekmyule

Plaub Hlis Ntuj 22, 1809 Napoleon nws cov tub rog dua ib zaug nrog lub Austrian pab tub rog, uas nws hais kom ua tau entrusted rau lub Archduke Charles. Austrians tswj kom coj mus rau lub heights Ekmyulem nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau dej siab rau txoj hauj lwm. Napoleon xa mus rau cua daj cua dub yeeb ncuab txaus lawv zoo tshaj plaws lub cev, xws li lub cev ntawm Marshal Davoust. Tsuas yog tom qab ib tug tsiv sib ntaus sib tua, tsis muaj ib zaug hlos nyob rau hauv lub melee, lub Fabkis tswj kom dislodge tus yeeb ncuab los ntawm lub heights. Los ntawm nightfall, lub Archduke Charles coj nws pab tub rog mus Regensburg. Nws losses nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Ekmyule li cas 11 txhiab tus neeg los ntawm 76 thousandth pab tub rog. Lub yeej nyob rau hauv no sib ntaus sib tua, Napoleon qhib yav tom ntej zeem muag - Austrian pab tub rog razchlenilas rau hauv ob qhov chaw. Cov generals, leej twg ua si ib qho tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no yeej, tau richly nqi zog. Yog li ntawd, Louis-Nicolas Davout tau txais ib tug dukedom, thiab tseem tus tub huabtais - tub huabtais los ua Ekmyulskim.

Lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Wagram

Nyob rau hauv 1809 Davout dua muaj ib lub caij nyoog kom tau raws li nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau cov Archduke Charles. Lub sij hawm no lub sib ntaus sib tua tau tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv Wagram. Hmo ua ntej tus sib ntaus sib tua, Napoleon tus pab tub rog nyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm Lobau hla tus affluent ntawm lub Danube. Lub Austrian pab tub rog, muaj ntau tshaj li puas txhiab troops thiab 452 phom, nws tau mus Vahram thiab entrenched muaj. Nyob rau hauv lub yav tsaus ntuj nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 5 huab tais kom nws pab tub rog ntawm ltalis, uas yuav pab tau lub Saxon Corps, mus tua tus yeeb ncuab. Vim ib qho yuam kev Italians uas coj lub Saxons rau tus yeeb ncuab, qhov kev txiav txim yuav tsum tau muab tso tseg.

Lub ntsiab txheej xwm coj qhov chaw nyob rau tom qab ntawd, thaum Napoleon reorganized nws pab tub rog, uas muaj ib tug zauv superiority tshaj tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv lub tshiab kev txiav txim ntawm sib ntaus sib tua. Davout thiab Oudinot mus ua hauj lwm ua ke tiv thaiv cov sab laug tis ntawm cov yeeb ncuab txoj hauj lwm. Lub Austrians rov massively ntawm no sab ntawm lub Fabkis, tab sis lawv vam meej yog tsis coj. Thiab tsis tau, nyob rau hauv lub onslaught ntawm cov yeeb ncuab chaw thiab rau sab laug flank ntawm Fabkis pab tub rog yuav tsum tau rho tawm. Xa troops rau lub hauv paus yog ib feem ntawm lub qhov cuab lub zog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov Italian Corps ntawm MacDonald, rub rov qab rau hauv lub artillery, huab tais yog muaj peev xwm cawm qhov teeb meem no. Haib artillery hluav taws nres lub onslaught ntawm lub Austrians. Louis-Nicolas Davout meanwhile tau tsis reinforcements thiab, ntaus rau sab laug flank ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog, coj zoo dua ntawm nws. Marshal tswj kom tau mus rau hauv lub tsheb ntawm cov Austrian pab tub rog thiab dismember nws txog Vesedele. Vaj tse nws colleague Vahram udà conquered. Nyob rau hauv lub 11-teev sib ntaus sib tua, Carl poob txog 50 txhiab tus neeg. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws twb yuam kom thim rov qab ntawm Moravia.

Lub yeej ntawm Wagram Fabkis nqi yog heev kim. Ua ntej, Napoleon tus pab tub rog poob 32,000 cov tub rog. Secondly, tom qab lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm teb chaws Aas Kiv thiab lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nkag mus hauv tiv thaiv Napoleonic Fabkis nyob rau hauv kev tsov rog.

Mus kev rau Russia

Fabkis huab tais tsis ntshai tsim tawm tsam nws ib tug coalition ntawm European monarchs. Nyob rau hauv 1812, Zog ntawm Guj kuj tau nyob ib leeg - qub phoojywg uas anti-Napoleonic battles, Austria thiab Prussia, raug yuam kom ua phoojywg ntawm Fabkis teb chaws Ottoman.

Lub Xya hli ntuj 12, Napoleon tus pab tub rog hla lub Neman dej, invaded lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Ua ntej overwhelming yuav muaj tseeb Lavxias teb sab tub rog yuav tsum tau khiav kom tsis txhob muaj lub sib ntaus sib tua. Muab qhov kev sib ntaus nyob ib leeg, lawv yog zoo ensured lawv tiav swb.

Corps ntawm Marshal Davoust raug xa mus rau cov kev pab ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Jerome Bonaparte, uas caum lub thib ob Lavxias teb sab Western Army General Bagration, retreating los ntawm Vaukavysk nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj. Keej maneuver Commander ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog tshem tawm los ntawm nyob rau hauv lub ob tshuab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, ua rau ob lub Fabkis Marshal tau tuag. Thaum Bagration pab tub rog pib mus hla lub Niemen, lub Fabkis generals ua lwm hai los coj nws mus rau hauv ib puag ncig. Foreseeing cov yeeb ncuab lub hom phiaj, General Bagration tig mus rau Minsk.

Nyob rau hauv Mogilev Davout collided nrog lub caum pab tub rog, tuaj mus rau lub nroog ua ntej tus yeeb ncuab. Qhov thib ob Lavxias teb sab Western pab tub rog ib zaug dua txiav tawm los ntawm tus thawj Western pab tub rog ntawm General Barclay de Tolly, retreating sab qaum teb. Nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem no, muaj dab tsi tshuav Bagration, tab sis los mus ncua cov ntxiv ua ntej ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Ua nws commissioned corps ntawm General Rajewski.

Lub avant-garde ntawm lub chassis Dawa tau ntsib nrog rhawv nyob ze lub zos Saltanovka Rajewski. Nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Saltanovka Lavxias teb sab kev tswj los khi li cov dee ntawm Fabkis, thiab Bagration tus tub rog dua tuaj los ntawm lub tshuab ntawm cov Imperial pab tub rog. Lub sij hawm no nws xa mus rau Smolensk.

Ze Smolensk 1st thiab 2nd Western pab tub rog koom Lavxias teb sab. Lub yim hli ntuj 4 pib sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Smolensk (tsov rog th 1812), nyob rau hauv uas tau koom tes thiab Davout. Ib qho ntawm nws kev sib cais, coj los ntawm Gudin, yog tau paub qhov txawv nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Valutina roob, rog tau ib tug detachment ntawm Major-General Tuchkov-feem-peb. Cov yav tas yog tiag raug mob thiab yuav.

Thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino, nyob rau hauv raws li cov tswj ntawm huab tais, Davout twb sawv txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm cov tub rog. Lub Center yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub Brunt ntawm Napoleon tus pab tub rog. Nws yuav tsum tau lug tau sai dlua Lavxias teb sab teb chaw tiv thaiv, uas tau muaj nyob rau hauv cov tub rog keeb kwm raws li Bagration flushes.

Raws li cov kev lig kev cai, uas pib Napoleon, ua ntej lub loj sib ntaus sib tua, cov tub rog ntawm nws faj tim teb chaws dresses nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hnav ris tsho uniform. Lub yim hli ntuj 26, 1812, nrog lub hnub thaum kaj ntug, pib ib tug haib artillery nres los ntawm ob tog. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 6:00 am lub Fabkis launched ib tug loj heev cua daj cua dub flushes. Ob pawg ntawm Davoust tau tswj yav qab teb dej ntws yaug. Nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub suav superiority ntawm Fabkis, Lavxias teb sab tseem muaj kev tswj los mus ua tus nres.

Los ntawm 7 teev sawv ntxov Davout muab nws tus kheej thiab resumed tus nres. Lub sij hawm no nws muaj kev tswj kom ntes rau yav qab teb dej ntws yaug. Txawm li cas los, lub bayonet them nyiaj ntawm ob peb infantry battalions, uas Bagration xa mus rau lub dej ntws yaug, tso cai rau khob Fabkis tawm ntawm lub chaw tiv thaiv. Ces Napoleon xa mus rau cov kev pab ntawm lub cavalry ntawm Murat, Davout, Ney tus corps thiab lwm yam pab tub rog. Fabkis tsoo rau hauv txoj cai thiab sab laug dej ntws yaug, tab sis loj heev Lavxias teb sab counter-nres dua khob qhov rooj rau lawv tawm. Tawm tsam rau Bagration flushes lub hnub raws li ib tug tom qab lwm ...

Thaum lub sij hawm tawm ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Army ntawm Napoleon Louis-Nicolas Davout nws qhia nws cov rearguard, uas lossi tau fend tawm lub Cossack Ataman Platov , thiab General Miloradovich fighters. Lub kaum hli ntuj 22 ntawm Vyazma Lavxias teb sab yeeb ncuab rearguard sim txoj kev mus rau sab hnub poob. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov tub rog ntawm Davoust tau txais reinforcements, Lavxias teb sab tsoo nws. Nyob rau hnub ntawd, Napoleon tus pab tub rog poob txog 8000 cov tub rog. Tom qab lub yeej ntawm Vyazma huab tais hloov lub "Hlau Marshal" (thiaj li hu ua teb Davoust) raws li commander ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub rear khwb Marshal Nehemi.

Lwm loj tsis ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog Corps ntawm Davout raug kev txom nyem nyob rau hauv ib tug sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze ntawm lub zos ntawm Liab, uas yog muaj nyob rau ntawm 3 mus rau 6 Kaum ib hlis. Retreating los ntawm Smolensk, lub Fabkis xav tawg tam sim ntawd los ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev tsim txom thiab tawm mus rau lub dej Berezina. Tom qab no sib ntaus sib tua, lub cev ntawm Marshal Davoust muaj tshwj tsis yog tias sau tseg.

Lub yeej ntawm Fabkis

Davoust yog tsis nrog lub Marshals ntawm Napoleon, uas cev tus phoojywg rau Paris. Nyob rau hauv 1813 thiab 1814 nws tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, Hamburg tiv thaiv lub siege ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab Prussian pab tub rog. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov siege coj qhov chaw tsis muaj kev tsausmuag ntau thiab bombings, Hamburg garrison tseem surrendered mus rau lub phoojywg.

Thaum Napoleon Fabkis raug kev txom nyem ib tug tub rog thiab kev nom kev tswv yeej, Louis-Nicolas Davout, uas nws biography tau yeej ib txwm tau kev cob cog rua nrog Napoleon, thiab tseem nyob rau kev ncaj ncees rau nws. Thiab txawm tias thaum nws yog nyob rau hauv exile rau cov kob ntawm Elba, Davout tsis muab lawv views. Thaum Napoleon tsaws nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws, pib mus yeej xwb peb hlis ntuj mus Paris, Lui Davu koom nws. Thaum lub sij hawm "puas hnub", nws nyob rau hauv lub post ntawm Minister of War nyob rau hauv Fabkis.

Thaum lub Bourbons rov qab mus rau lub hwj chim, Davoust yog heev nrov nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tub rog. Nws, xws li tus so ntawm lub Marshals ntawm Napoleon, poob tag nrho nws ibyam thiab lub npe, tab sis tsis rau ntev - nyob rau hauv 1817, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob voos nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg, nws xa rov qab tag nrho cov qub lub npe thiab qib. Ob xyoos tom qab, Davoust tswj tsis tsuas mus rau ntawm Woo cov tub ceev xwm, tab sis kuj yuav ua ib tug phooj ywg ntawm Fabkis.

Lub rau hli ntuj 1, 1823 Louis-Nicolas Davout tuag ntawm pulmonary tuberculosis nyob rau hauv Paris.