TsimScience

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm subsidiarity, nws manifestation thiab cov essence

Complementarity kuj yog ib tug methodological postulate uas yog Ameslikas formulated zoo Danish physicist thiab philosopher Niels Bohr nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub tshav pob ntawm quantum mechanics. Complementarity hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Bohr, tej zaum tuaj mus rau lub teeb xwb vim hais tias txawm ua ntej lawm, tus German physicist Kurt Godel muaj nws xaus thiab cov lus ntawm tus naas ej theorem txog lub thaj chaw ntawm deductive systems, uas koom rau lub teb ntawm formal logic. Niels Bohr ncua cov zajlus kom xaus Gödel rau qhov kev kawm cheeb tsam ntawm quantum mechanics thiab formulated lub hauv paus ntsiab lus zoo li no: nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav haum thiab txaus paub qhov kev kawm ntawm cov microcosm, nws yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv lub nruab uas yog ob leeg kom, uas yog, nyob rau hauv ib co lwm lub. Qhov no txhais, thiab los ua lub npe hu ua lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm complementarity nyob rau hauv quantum mechanics.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm tej kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub microcosm, yog xav txog lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm ob theories - yoj thiab hais tias tau coj mus rau ib tug tawm kev kawm scientific tshawb pom qhia rau tus txiv neej lub cev xwm ntawm lub teeb.

Niels Bohr nyob rau hauv nws to taub txog qhov no xaus mus ntxiv. Nws ua rau ib qho los mus txhais cov subsidiarity hauv paus ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm philosophical paub, thiab nws yog no hais tias tus hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm universal acquires scientific tseem ceeb. Tam sim no, cov lus ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub suab xws li: mus, rau cov me nyuam ib tug tshwm sim nrog ib tug saib kom nws paub txog qhov kev kos npe (leb) system, nws yog tsim nyog mus rau chaw uasi rau ntxiv cov ntsiab lus thiab pawg. Nyob rau hauv ntau yam yooj yim cov ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab cai ntawm complementarity yuav tsum tau cov kev txawj ntse ntawm tsis tsuas yog ua tau, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub tsim nyog, siv ob peb methodological systems uas tso cai rau kom tau tsoom cov ntaub ntawv txog kev kawm. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm subsidiarity nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, tau muaj pov thawj raws li ib tug qhov tseeb ntawm daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau cov metaphors ntawm cov zajlus kom tshuab vib this - lawv yuav manifest lawv tus kheej, thiab yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv txoj kev. Yog li, nrog lub advent thiab to taub ntawm txoj ntsiab cai no, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws paub hais tias ib tug logic ntawm kev txawj ntse tsis txaus, thiab yog li ntawd pom zoo raws li siv tau illogical coj nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb cov txheej txheem. Thaum kawg, daim ntawv thov ntawm cov cai hais txog Bohr pab mus rau ib tug tseem ceeb kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub scientific ntiaj teb no.

Tom qab ntawd Yu. M. Lotman txhab methodological tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Bohr thiab coj nws cov kev cai rau lub cheeb ntawm kab lis kev cai, nyob rau hauv particular applied rau qhov kev piav qhia ntawm semiotics ntawm kab lis kev cai. Lotman formulated lub thiaj li hu ua "nyiaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv paradox", lub essence ntawm cov uas dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias tib neeg lub neej yog mas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj peev xwm. Thiab nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm no tsis ua hauj lwm yuav yeej ib txwm ua rau kom. Siv lub hauv paus ntsiab ntawm complementarity, nws tseem tau mus them rau cov tsis muaj ntaub ntawv los ntawm txhais nws rau hauv ib tug txawv semiotic (leb) system. Cov txheej txheem no tau coj, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm computer science thiab cybernetics, thiab ces tus Internet. Tom qab ntawd lub ua tau hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus tau paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm lub physiological adaptability ntawm tus tib neeg lub hlwb mus rau no hom ntawm kev xav, nws yog vim lub asymmetry ntawm cov kev ua ub ntawm nws hemispheres.

Lwm cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog kho hom haum xeeb los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Bohr, yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub qhib ntawm lub German physicist Werner Heisenberg, txoj cai ntawm lub uncertainty piv. Nws txiav txim yuav muab txhais li tus nrog paub txog cov impossibility ntawm cov tib piav qhia ntawm lub ob yam khoom nrog rau cov tib neeg, yog hais tias cov khoom yuav mus rau txawv systems. Philosophical analogy no nrhiav tau coj Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn, uas nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm "Nyob rau tseeb" hais tias rau qhov kev pom zoo ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm txhua yam, nws yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv ib co tsis ntseeg.

Yog li, Bohr txoj ntsiab cai, muaj gained enormous methodological tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm scientific kev txawj ntse.

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