Lub Indo-European lus tsev neeg: keeb kwm hypothesis

Linguists kawm lub keeb kwm ntawm qhov no los yog hais tias cov lus tso cai rau txiav txim rau cov neeg kawm ntawv uas kinship ntawm ntau yam nationalities. Ib tug yuav tsis underestimate no quest, vim hais tias tej zaum nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev tsom xam qhia rau thaum secrets ntawm noob neej, uas yog tseem ceeb heev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb hom lus yog ntau pov thawj los qhia hais tias tag nrho cov txhais tau tias kev sib txuas lus noj lub hauv paus pib los ntawm ib tug pib. Muaj ntau versions txog lub keeb kwm ntawm ib tug lus pab pawg neeg. Xav txog dab tsi lub keeb kwm ntawm ib Indo-European lus tsev neeg.

Yuav ua li cas yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov tswvyim no?

Lub Indo-European tsev neeg ntawm cov lus tau tseem ceeb cov lus scholars rau lub hauv paus ntawm tus poj zoo sib thooj, zoo sib thooj hauv paus ntsiab lus, pov thawj los ntawm ib tug sib piv keeb kwm txoj kev. Nws muaj txog 200 ciaj thiab cov tuag txhais tau tias kev sib txuas lus. Qhov no lus tsev neeg sawv cev muaj, tus xov tooj ntawm uas tshaj qhov point ntawm 2.5 billion. Txawm li cas los, lawv hais lus tsis yog tas rau cov uas muaj ib lub xeev, nws yog kis tau tshaj lub ntiaj teb tag nrho.

Lub sij hawm "Indo-European tsev neeg ntawm cov lus" yog tswvcuab hauv 1813, yog ib lub npe nrov British paub txog Thomas Young. Interestingly, lub British physicist yog thawj decipher lub Egyptian inscription nrog lub npe ntawm Cleopatra.

Hypotheses txog lub keeb kwm

Vim lub fact tias cov Indo-European lus tsev neeg yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau ntau rau lub ntiaj teb, muaj ntau zaum muaj wondering txog qhov twg lub keeb kwm coj nws txhawb. Muaj ntau ntau theories txog lub keeb kwm ntawm lub lus system, ib txoj kev uas yuav tsum tau tuaj raws li nram no:

1. Anatolian hypothesis. Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj versions ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub proto-hom lus, thiab ntau pog koob yawg koob cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Indo-European pab pawg neeg. Nws tshaj lus Askiv archaeologist Colin Renfrew. Nws pom tias lub birthplace ntawm tsev neeg ntawm cov lus yog ib qho chaw uas tus Turkish hais sib haum ntawm Çatalhöyük (Anatolia) yog tam sim no. Cov hypothesis raug raws li nyob rau hauv scientific tshawb pom nyob rau hauv no qhov chaw, raws li zoo raws li nws tej hauj lwm rau tus tsom xam siv radiocarbon thwmsim. Supporter ntawm Anatolian keeb kwm yog xav tau lwm British paub txog Barri Kanliff, lub npe hu rau nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv anthropology thiab archeology.

2. Lub Kurgan hypothesis. Qhov no version muaj Marija Gimbutas, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb cov nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab anthropology. Nyob rau hauv 1956, nyob rau hauv nws sau, nws yog pom tias lub Indo-European lus tsev neeg originated nyob rau hauv tam sim no-hnub Russia thiab Ukraine. Version raug raws li nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nyob rau hauv hais tias lub sij hawm yog ib tug kab lis kev cai ntawm pov toj hom thiab Yamna, thiab hais tias cov no ob lub Cheebtsam maj kis thoob plaws ntau ntawm Eurasia.

3. Balkan hypothesis. Raws li qhov no hypothesis, nws yog ntseeg hais tias lub Indo-European pog koob yawg koob nyob hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm niaj hnub teb chaws Europe. Qhov no kab lis kev cai originated nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Balkan ceg av qab teb thiab muaj ib tug txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab ntawm sab ntsuj plig tseem ceeb tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm Neolithic. Zaum tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej no version, raws li lawv cov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv cov lus hauv paus ntsiab lus, raws li uas tus "center ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus" (ie, lub birthplace los yog qhov chaw) lus yog kis tau nyob rau hauv ib thaj chaw uas muaj tus loj tshaj ntau yam ntawm txoj kev sib txuas lus.

Indo-European lus ntawv pawg tsev neeg muaj xws li cov feem ntau niaj hnub txhais tau tias kev sib txuas lus. Kev tshawb fawb zaum thiab linguists cam commonality ntawm haiv neeg, raws li zoo raws li lub fact tias tag nrho cov neeg yog hais txog txhua lwm yam. Thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, yog dab tsi yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav tsis nco qab lawm thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws tseem tau los tiv thaiv kom txhob phem thiab to taub yuam kev ntawm txawv haiv neeg.