Hypothesis - yog ib tug ntau yam tshwm sim. Khoom raws li hauv daim ntawv qhia logic

Hypothesis - yog ib tug multifaceted tswvyim. Thaum nws txhais nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los ua tim nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias nyob rau hauv sib txawv spheres ntawm kev xav thiab kev txiav txim ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus no sib txawv. Qhov no yog vim hais tias tej hom phiaj saib ntawm ib tug kev ua si los yog xav rau ntawm tus txhais kwv (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov kwv yog ib tug semantic teb ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "hypothesis") nruab nrab yog tsuas ib tug ib nrab kom pom tseeb dictated los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev kawm. Ib tug tib txhais tias yuav tau kev nrog tus universal saib ntawm tag nrho cov substantive sab, muaj peev xwm tsis tau.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yog heev tsim nyog thiab niaj hnub txoj kev nyob rau hauv logic - ntau cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug kwv sequentially los ntawm ntau hom kev kawm rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm complementarity. Tsuas yog nws thiab muab lub peev xwm los txhais cov ntsiab lus raws li multi-qhuab qhia cov ntsiab lus piav qhia.

Nyob rau hauv lub nyuaj kev txiav txim zoo xav

Nyob rau hauv txhua hnub lus, qhov hypothesis - ib tug tswv yim sib cav-hypothesis. Nws muab tso rau pem hauv ntej los mus piav qhia tej yam tshwm sim, uas to taub yog tsis txaus.

Nyob rau hauv ntau cov kev, tab sis kuj zoo tib yam kev txiav txim zoo hypothesis - nws presupposes ib tug txiav txim, uas yog tsim nyog kom paub meej tias yog tsis muab.

Cov hypothesis nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau generalized ntsiab lus

Nyob rau hauv raws li cov Collegiate phau ntawv txhais lus, lub hypothesis - uas daim ntawv qhia, assumption ntawm regularity thiab causality txuas tag nrho cov tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau nqaim kev txiav txim zoo hypothesis hu ua tawm tau ntawm science.

Cov hypothesis nyob rau hauv psychology

Los ntawm cov foundations ntawm psychology, cov hypothesis - yog ib tug txawj ntse lub cuab tam uas ua lub psyche, yog tias tsim nyog, rau qhov hom phiaj yog kev ua ub no, thiab rau cov uas muaj kev pov plob thiab pom lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm nws cov ntau zog. Lub subjective daim duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, uas nws txawv nyob rau hauv txhua tus neeg, ua rau cov kev xav thiab sib txawv.

Yog hais tias tus neeg tsis muaj ib tug npaj txhij daws mus rau qhov teeb meem, nws cov ntaub ntawv ib tug ua ntej ib tug los yog ib tug ob peb qho ntawm feem ntau hypotheses. Lawv pov thawj enables nrhiav kev ua si mus tsim kho thiab txhawb kev kawm cov kev ua ub thiab xav txog tshiab kev xav, tswj ntau precisely.

Nws yog noteworthy tias cov general hypothesis tsis tas pw nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb xav thiab tsis tas nws cov ntsiab lus. Hypotheses thiab txiav txim seb cov ua cim nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm tau intuitively txiav txim, nyob rau lub logic bases xav rau lawv tus kheej yog tsis raug kev txoj kev tshawb no.

Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, nyob rau hauv particular, nws tsim ib tug zoo-paub cov txheej txheem ntawm "kev tawm tswv yim" - cov pab pawg neeg daws teeb meem txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas koom muab tso rau pem ib lub hypothesis instant tsis muaj ua ntej thiaj yuav. Nws tsuas yog tom ntej tsom xam ntawm tag nrho array ntawm lub kev xav ua rau cov cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav daws tau qhov teeb meem.

Hypothesis nyob rau hauv logic

Cov hypothesis logic - yam ua ntej zwj ceeb piav yog qhia rau ib tug tej pab pawg neeg los yog ib tug neeg phenomena phenomenon. Qhov no yog tej zaum ib tug txiav txim txog hauv lub xub ntiag los yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm ib tug tshwm sim.

Nws yuav tsum muab mus rau lub neej yav tom ntej thiab yav dhau los ntawm tus kwv, nws cov khoom thiab kev sib raug zoo, yog vim li cas nws yug los.

Lub hauv paus rau hypothesizing yavlyaetya heev tej kev paub txog qhov tshwm sim tau kawm. Muab rau pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv them nyiaj yug ntawm txoj kev paub no, lub hypothesis uas lub coj hauv paus ntsiab guides thiab adjusts lub continuation ntawm thwmsim thiab cov tswvyim.

Cov tshwm sim ntawm scientific paub muaj ib tug hypothesis raws li ib tug tsim nyog link.

Cov hypothesis yog tej nuj nqis muaj tseeb los yog cuav. Nws yog ib tug paub txog cov kev iab liam, tus probabilistic xwm, tsis tau txais cov logic ntawm ntawv pov thawj. Nws yuav tsis muab suav hais tias txhim khu kev qha vim hais tias tsis paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm cov kev, yog tias peb yuav tsis tham txog ib tug cuav hypothesis (saib. Hauv qab no).

Cov hypothesis ntawm uncertainty, nws qhov chaw - tsis muaj tseeb thiab tsis muaj tseeb, tab sis qhov chaw nyob rau hauv nruab nrab.

Yog hais tias koj tswj kom paub meej tias cov kev xav, nws ua qhov tseeb, thiab yog li loses tus txheej xwm ntawm nws tus kheej.

Yog hais tias lub hypothesis yog disproved, nws yog tag nrho cov ntau loses nws raws li txoj cai, tab sis assumes ib tug nqi ntawm cuav cov nqe lus.

Cov hypothesis nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm ntawm science

Yuav ib lub scientific hypothesis - yog ib tug kev tshawb fawb lub cuab tam uas muab ib lub sij hawm rau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej, kom paub meej tias yog tsis muab cov lus ntawm science nws tus kheej kom meej meej tseg nws cov teeb meem. Nws yog tsim nyog los piav qhia txog lub pov thawj tshiab thiab, tom qab ceev faj txoj kev tshawb no lawv, mus tshem tawm tau contradictions ntawm lawv.

Yog li ntawd, nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm hypotheses pub contradiction ntawm cov kev tshawb xav thiab qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim ntawm thwmsim.

hom ntawm hypotheses

Cov kev xav lwm lub scientific hypotheses sib txawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov degree ntawm generality.

Nyob rau hauv raws li cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm generality thiab txawv scientific hypotheses lawv tus kheej.

Lawv yog:

• ntau;
• private;
• raug rho tawm.

Cov kev hypothesis - ib tug hypothesis txog yuav ua li cas lub tsev xwm thiab lub zej zog, raws li zoo raws li kev puas hlwb kev ua si ntawm cov neeg yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv dab tsi kev cai.

Cov kev xav yuav tsum tau ncav kev txaus cai.

General hypothesis nyob rau hauv nws nomination yuav tsum tau ua raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej yam kev mob kom tau raws li nws cov zajlus kom raws li txoj cai. Lawv yuav tsum:

• piav qhia txog rau tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm phenomena piav;
• tso saib tej yam ntuj tso cim ntawm cov khoom tau piav nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev sib raug zoo rau txhua lub sij hawm thiab txhua qhov chaw.

Private hypothesis - ib tug hypothesis txog yuav ua li cas los mus tsim tej yam khoom faib raws li ib feem ntawm lub ntau cov chav kawm ntawm tej yam ntuj tso phenomena, xav thiab ua si cov txheej xwm los yog cov lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm haiv neeg.

Raws li zoo raws li rau qhov kev hypothesis, lub private xwm ntawm lub kev xav yuav tsum yog ncav tsis txhaum.

Ib tug tib hypothesis - ib tug hypothesis txog tus qauv ntawm ib zaug xwb qhov tseeb, ib tug txog kev tshwm sim los yog tshwm sim.

Cov ua hauj lwm hypothesis

Qhov tseeb tiag unit, ib tug private los yog general hypothesis, kev xav txoj kev los tsim kom tau ib co koom haum pab cov kev xav uas tsis causal kev tshawb fawb los yog lwm yam qauv ntawm cov kwv. Tej hypotheses yog hu ua cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cia ntau retraction, nquag hloov, mus txog rau lawv ua kom tiav reconstruction los yog txawm rho lawv.

Cuav hypothesis, uas yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm hypothesis, tsuas muab rau pem hauv ntej raws li ib tug hypothesis, tsis tas cov tswv yim rau refute los yog paub meej tias nws.

Sau cuav hypothesis tsis paub thiab tsis yog los sim paub tseeb los yog cuav. Txij li thaum nws ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntseeg zoo extension ntawm nws validity.

Qhov no hypothesis hu ua lub ntsiab misconceptions. Contrary kom nrov kev ntseeg, nws muaj peev xwm yuav pab tau heev. Raws li nws denials, nws yuav pab tau tsim tshiab ua hauj lwm hypotheses.