Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub "Lub Lower Depths" Gorky: yuav ua li cas nws yog

Muaj coob tus tau nyeem ua si, uas yog sau los ntawm Maxim Gorky "Lub Lower Depths". Keeb kwm ntawm lub creation ntawm nws heev nthuav. Raws li yog lub npe hu, lub Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas nws coj bosyatsky txoj kev ntawm lub neej, feem ntau nrog ib tug Knapsack rau nws rov qab. Tej zaum puas tau rau nws thiab mus pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj tsev nyob Cross. Feem ntau cov yuav, lub hom phiaj los tsim ib tug ua hauj lwm txog tag nrho cov ins thiab outs ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg matured nyob rau hauv nws lub siab rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm Maksima Gorkogo. Tab sis rau muab tso rau hauv kev xyaum nws yog tsuas yog thaum cov txawj sau ntawv txiav txim siab tig los rau tus yeeb yam. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau lub lem ntawm XIX-XX centuries.

annoying ntxias

Lub troupe ntawm lub Moscow Art Theatre nyob rau hauv 1900, tau mus rau lub Crimea, muab tso rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws plays los ntawm Chekhov tus "txiv ntxawm Vanya" thiab "Lub Seagull." Tab sis tsis tsuas yog hais tias yog lub hom phiaj ntawm lub lam. Raws li Nemirovich-Danchenko lees txim, tus thawj coj ntawm lub ua yeeb yam, lawv aim yog kuj yuav tau ntsib nrog Gorky thiab yaum kom nws sau ib tug ua si. Lawv ua li ntawd. Tus heev keeb kwm ntawm "Lub Lower Depths" Gorky tau txais kev pab raws li cov impetus rau kev sau ntawv thiab rau lwm daim. Qhov no paub cov khoom xws li "Filixatee" thiab "Dachniki". Tsaug rau lub haub ntawm qhov nyuab, Maxim Gorky qhib ib playwright.

Ua hauj lwm rau hauv daim

Tag nrho peb daim ntawv no yog sau yuav luag txhij. Twb sau ntawm "Filixatee" twb dhau nyob rau hauv 1901 los ntawm cov ua yeeb yam. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub "Lub Lower Depths" Gorky yog tsis yooj yim. Xov ib tug ntev lub sij hawm yuav tsis nres txawm rau ib lub npe. xaiv "Doss tsev" tau raug kev sim siab, "Yog tsis muaj hnub", "hauv qab". Tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias nws yuav tsum tau ib tug ua si, Gorky muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg. Nws xav mus nqa cov khoom no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas portrayed lub inhabitants ntawm ib tug doss lub tsev rau cov neeg pluag: lub ruam thiab tsis paub ntawv. Txawm li cas los, lub lag luam ntawm kev tsis sib haum: nws hais tias no yuav luag nees nkaum xyoo ntawm kev soj xyuas tus lub neej, kev lis kev cai thiab paub siv cov lus "qub neeg".

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub "Lub Lower Depths" Gorky, los yog ua li cas nws tag nrho cov pib

Twb "Filixatee" Kuv tau ua ib tug ntau ntawm cov suab nrov. Censorship sim qias neeg tshwj xeeb tshaj yog caustic qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ua concessions. Cov kev ua si twb xub tsa nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, qhov twg cov cam khwb cia ntawm lub Moscow Art Theatre mus nyob ncig saib nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1902. Thaum lub tiab rehearsal nrog yog tag nrho ntawm cov tub soj xyuas nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov khaub ncaws, twb sawv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus nees Gendarmerie. Stanislavsky txog qhov no dag, hais tias xws li kev cob qhia yog ntau zoo ib yam nrog tus sib ntaus sib tua tshaj rehearsal. Xws li ib tug tsoom fwv hype tsuas fueled pej xeem txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub playwright-debutant. Yog li ntawd, qhov thib ob daim twb tsuas ibtxhi kev vam meej.

ntau lawm

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub "Lub Lower Depths" Gorky yog ntau luv dua txoj kev nws txav mus rau tus tuav. Nws coj 18 lub hlis studding kev ceeb toom txog ntawm ntau yam daim ntawv tso cai cov nqi ua ntej censorship muab lub nod mus rau lub chaw, tiam sis tsuas yog rau cov theem ntawm cov Moscow Art Theatre. Raws li keeb kwm qhov chaw, nws puas tau nws vim hais tias nws paub ntawm cov ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kev ua si. Txawm li cas los, tsoom fwv poob pom ntawm hais tias lub teb chaws yog maturing revolutionary teeb meem no. 1905 yog cia li nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ces kaum. Cov kev ua si txoj kev vam meej yog deafening, thiab qhov no yuav tsis tau blamed tsuas yog tus stellar cam khwb cia. Yuav kom thunderous applause Gorky lub caij mus rau lub scene kaum tsib lub sij hawm. Tus sau twb tsis meej pem, nws tsis xav tias yuav zoo li no hwjchim ci ntsa iab. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov ua hauj lwm ntawm Gorky lub "Lub Lower Depths" nyob rau hauv lub Moscow Art Theatre scene rau 60 xyoo (kom txog rau thaum hlis ntuj nqeg 1962) teem 1451 lub sij hawm.