Lub poetic cim uas nyob hauv ntaub ntawv

Thaum lub lem ntawm 19-20 centuries ntawm symbolism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv cim cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub sij hawm ib tug tshwj xeeb nyob ntev. Nws influences tau muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm lub puas tawm xyoo. Cim uas nyob hauv ntaub ntawv nrog nws zoo nkauj thiab philosophical dee matured tawm tsam lub backdrop ntawm nom tswv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua raws li lub yeej ntawm revolutionary populism. Qhov no era yog ib tug social stagnation. Nyob rau hauv no era ntawm symbolism nyob rau hauv nws kiag.

Literature, paj huam nyob rau hauv particular, txhawj xeeb txog tus kab mob, cov poob nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm. Paj Huam, muaj poob nws txoj qub hwj chim, lub dag lub zog thiab qhov siab, faded thiab faded. Cov paj huam nws tus kheej cov cuab yeej siv tau poob nws lub zog thiab muaj tseeb creativity.

Cim uas nyob hauv ntaub ntawv sawv raws li ib tug tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov impoverishment, cov muaj siab rov qab mus rau nws lub neej dag zog yuam, hais tias ib tug tshiab lo lus. Nyob rau tib lub kev taw qhia nws tau coj nrog nws ib tug tsis zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv rau Lavxias teb sab thuam nrog nws materialistic views. Tom qab ntawd pib lub confrontation thiab cov Marxist critic. Lub poetic cim uas nyob hauv ntaub ntawv nce kev ntseeg thiab idealism.

Tus thawj ces lub zog los ua khees nyob rau hauv lub treatise Dmitry Merezhkovsky, nws sau los ntawm cov kwv huam "Cim". Nyob rau hauv 1894-95. tawm "Lavxias teb sab thuam." Nyob rau hauv no peb collections ntawm luam tej hauj lwm advantageously hluas Briusov Bal'mont. Nyob rau hauv cov tej hauj lwm, ib tug muaj ib tug tshiab qauv.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, muaj yog cim uas nyob hauv ntaub ntawv yog tsis cais los ntawm cov sab hnub poob. Hluas paj huam yog muab ib tug kawm ntawv ntawm lub hwj ntawm lus Askiv, Fabkis, German paj huam. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev ntaus nqi Symbolist echoes lub philosophy ntawm Schopenhauer thiab Nietzsche, lawv heev emphatically tsis pom zoo tias lawv muaj ib tug yuav tsum muaj dependence rau Western European ntaub ntawv. Lawv sim mus nrhiav nws cov keeb kwm nyob rau cov neeg cov ntaub ntawv, tej hauj lwm ntawm feta, Tiutchev, Fofanova. Twb mus nkag tau mus nrhiav kom tau ib yam ntawm cov "kev sib raug zoo" nrog rau cov tej hauj lwm ntawm Lermontov thiab Pushkin. Raws li Balmont, symbolism tau muaj rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm. Nws xam tau tias yog Symbolists Calderon thiab Blake, Baudelaire thiab Edgar Allan Poe thiab lwm tus neeg.

Muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg hais tias tswv yim Tiutchev thiab feta tej yam tshwm sim cim tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, hais txog ib yam ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo nrog sab ntsuj plig kab lis kev cai ntawm Russia, nws lub teb chaws av yog evidenced los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov kev taw qhia yog tsis tuag, tab sis nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, tsim, pib nrog cov tshiab lub zog nyob rau hauv nws txaj.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias Lavxias teb sab cim uas nyob hauv ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub West differed heev sharply. Qhov no yog vim, feem ntau, rau sab ntsuj plig, wealth, tau nyob rau hauv no cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv Russia.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub sij hawm ntawm tsim txaus Symbolist hauj lwm feem ntau derided thiab txawm raug mockery. Cov kws sau paj lug tau txuas lub npe ntawm tus decadent, yog li ntsuam lawv decadent mus ob peb vas ntawm hopelessness, ib tug qhia individualism, ib tug siab ntawm lub neej ntawm rejection. Txawm li cas los, los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub tom ntej no xyoo pua lub symbolism pib mus rau sawv tawm raws li ib tug txawj zog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev seevcev tseeb. Nws yog nyuaj heev rau yam nrog rau lwm cov tshwm sim ntawm cov kos duab, nws pib muaj nws kom zoo nkauj, poetics, lawv tsim thiab qhia. 1900 tau los ua ib tug zoo ntawm txawv teb chaws - nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no paub tseeb hais tias lub "ntsej muag" ntawm cim uas nyob hauv ntaub ntawv. Nws twb cim los ntawm qhov kev tso tawm ntawm mature, pleev xim rau kaj cwm pwm ntawm tus neeg sau ntawm cov phau ntawv Balmont "hlawv vaj tse" thiab tej hauj lwm ntawm Bryusov "Qhov thib peb lub khwb» ( «Tertia Vigilia»).

Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, symbolist zog yog rau cov Romantics, uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov idealistic philosophy, paub cov kev cai dab qhuas overtones ntawm ib tug tshiab kev taw qhia. Lub Symbolists twb tau mus sensitively ntes thiab qhia ib tug paub txog foreboding ntawm lub tragic kev puas tsuaj ntawm thaum ntxov thib nees nkaum caug xyoo.