Hydrobromic acid. Txoj kev ntawm kev npaj, lub cev thiab tshuaj zog

Hydrobromic acid (kuj hu ua hydrogen bromide) - yog ib tug inorganic compound ntawm hydrogen (H) nrog bromine (Br). Nws yog ib tug tsis muaj kob roj, uas tas ib tug tuab pos huab nyob rau hauv noo cua.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev muab hydrogen bromide

Vim hais tias ntawm cov high degree ntawm oxidizability bromovodoronoy acid, nws los yuav tsis tau los ntawm txoj kev concentrated sulfuric acid rau alkali hlau bromides. Cov nram qab no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim:

2KBr (poov tshuaj bromide) + 2N2SO4 (sulfuric acid) = K2SO4 (poov tshuaj sulfate) + SO2 (leej faj oxide) + Br2 (bromine molecule) + 2H2O (dej)

1. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam uas muab acids xws li hydrobromic, nqa tawm los ntawm ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv uas lub constituent ntsiab hnov mob. Piv txwv li, peb xav tias tus tshuaj yuav muab tau raws li nram no:

H2 (hydrogen molecule) + Br2 (bromine molecule) = 2HBr (hydrobromic acid)

Qhov no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ua tau ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 200 mus rau 400 degrees.

2. Nws yog tseem tau mus nrhiav tau ib tug hydrobromic acid nyob rau hauv vitro thiab nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev.

- los ntawm hydrolysis pentabromide los yog phosphorus tribromide:

PBr3 (tribromide) + 3H2O (peb dej lwg me me) = H3PO3 (phosphoric acid) + 3HBr (hydrobromic acid, tshuaj mis)
PBr5 (pentabromide) + 4H2O (plaub dej lwg me me) = H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) + 5HBr (hydrogen bromide)

- los ntawm yuav txo tau ntawm bromine:

3Br2 (peb molecules bromine) + S (leej faj) + 4H2O (dej) = (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tau ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 100-150 degrees) H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + 6HBr (hydrogen bromide)
3Br2 (peb molecules bromine) + KNO2 (poov tshuaj nitrite) + 4H2O (dej) = KNO3 (poov tshuaj nitrate) + 2HBr (hydrogen bromide)

- displacing txhais tau tias nrog nta acid los ntawm alkali hlau bromides:

KBr (poov tshuaj bromide) + H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) = KHSO4 (poov tshuaj hydrogensulfate) + HBr (tso li gas)

3. Raws li ib tug los ntawm-cov khoom hydrogen bromide yuav tau nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm cov organic tebchaw bromoproizvodnyh.

Lub cev thaj chaw ntawm hydrogen bromide:

1. hydrobromic acid - ib tug roj tsis muaj xim muaj ib tug unpleasant thiab pungent tsw. Txaus haus luam yeeb nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Nws muaj ib tug high kuj mus kub.

2. Zoo yaj nyob rau hauv H2O (dej), thiab ethanol tsim lub ntsha. Lub aqueous HBr tshuaj ntaub ntawv ib tug azeotrope uas boils ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 124 degrees. Nyob rau hauv ib liter ntawm dej yaj kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm ib liter ntawm hydrogen bromide (ntawm 0 degrees).

3. Tus txheej txheem ntawm txias ib tug aqueous tov ntawm hydrogen bromide crystalline hydrates yuav tau npaj raws li nram no: HBr * H2O, HBr * 2H2O, HBr * 4H2O.

4. Ntxuav bromide ntaub ntawv muaju ntawm lub orthorhombic siv lead ua system, qhov chaw pab pawg neeg F mmm.

5. Thaum ib tug kub ntawm -66,8 degrees yuav kua, thiab nyob - 87 degrees solidifies.

Tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm hydrogen bromide:

1. hydrobromic acid ntaub ntawv los ntawm reacting nrog dej muaj zog acid yog monobasic. Qhov no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li nram no:

HBr + H2O (dej) = Br- (bromine anion) + H3O + (hydronium ion)

2. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog resistant mus rau high kub, txawm li cas los, nyob rau ntawm lub 1000 degrees txog 0.5% ntawm tag nrho cov molecules yog decomposed:

2HBr (hydrobromic acid) = H2 (hydrogen molecule) + Br2 (bromine molecule)

3. Xam tias yog hu cov tshuaj compound reacts nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm co raws li zoo raws li lawv bases thiab oxides. Piv txwv kev tshua:

2HBr + Mg (magnesium) = MgBr2 (magnesium bromide) + H2 (tso li gas)
2HBr + Cao (calcium oxide) = CaBr2 (calcium bromide) + H2O (dej)
HBr + NaOH (sodium hydroxide) = NaBr (sodium bromide) + H2O (dej)

4. bromide kuj yog ib tug txo neeg sawv cev. Nws yog oxidized nyob rau hauv cov huab cua maj mam. Vim li no, nws aqueous lub ntsiab tom qab ib tug thaum pleev xim rau hauv cov xim av. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav ua tau xws li:

4HBr (hydrobromic acid) + O2 (oxygen molecule) = 2Br2 (bromine molecule) + 2H2O (dej)

daim ntawv thov

Bromide yog siv los tsim ib tug (synthesis) ntawm ntau yam organic bromine derivatives thiab rau qhov kev npaj ntawm ntau yam hlau bromides. Ntawm kev tseem ceeb yog nyiaj bromide tau siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm zaj duab xis photographic cov ntaub ntawv.

Yuav ua li cas yog kev thauj mus los

Cov thooj voos kheej kheej 68, los yog capacitance ntawm 6.8 litres nyob rau hauv siab ntawm 24 atmospheres.