Lub rheological thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav - yog dab tsi?

Txhua yam, kawm lub deformation thiab khiav cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pab, ib tug ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov uas - tsis-Newtonian kua muaj yam ntxwv viscosity, rheology protrudes. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb xav txog qhov rheological thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav. Yuav ua li cas nws yog, nws yuav muaj tseeb.

txhais

Ib tug raug uas tsis yog-Newtonian kua - ntshav. Ntshav nws yog hu ua, yog hais tias nws yog devoid ntawm daim ntawv ntsiab. Ntshav ntshiab yog ntshav, uas lacks fibrinogen.

Hemorheology los yog rheology, neeg kho tshuab kawm cov qauv, nyob rau hauv particular raws li ib tug kev hloov fizkolloidnye ntshav zog nyob txawv speeds thiab nyob rau hauv txawv seem ntawm lub txaj ntsha. Nws cov khoom, tej lub xeev ntawm cov hlab ntsha, cov contractile muaj peev xwm ntawm lub plawv thiab txiav txim seb lub zog ntawm cov ntshav nyob rau hauv lub cev. Thaum lub linear tshaj tawm los ntawm txaus yog me me, cov ntshav hais yog moog thaum uas tig mus rau lub axis ntawm cov hlab mus rau txhua lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub layered xwm ntawm lub txaus thiab cov khiav yog hu ua laminar. Yog li ntawd dab tsi yog qhov rheological zog? Nyob rau qhov no - nyob rau hauv.

Yuav ua li cas yog Reynolds Number?

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ua lub linear tshaj tawm thiab tshaj ib tug tej yam muaj nuj nqis, sib txawv rau tag nrho cov hlab ntsha, laminar khiav yuav los ua ib tug vortex, puas ntsoog hu ua turbulent. Cov kev hloov ceev laminar txaus rau turbulent txiav txim Reynolds tooj rau cov ntshav txog ntsha constituting kwv yees li 1160. Raws li Reynolds xov tooj cua hlob yuav ua tau tsuas nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob qhov twg loj hlab ntsha branching, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub aorta. Rau ntau cov hlab ntsha laminar kua tsiv.

Cov kev ceev thiab shear kev nyuaj siab

Tsis tsuas yog lub ntim thiab lub linear ntshav txaus tshaj tawm yog ib qho tseem ceeb, ob tug lwm tseem ceeb tsis tuab lub zog rau cov hlab: tus tshaj tawm thiab shear kev nyuaj siab. Yus muaj los ntawm voltage hloov quab yuam sawv nyob rau vascular nto unit nyob rau hauv ib tug tangential kev taw qhia mus rau qhov chaw, ntsuas nyob rau hauv Pascals los yog dynes / cm ^2. Lub shear tus nqi yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv rov qab vib nas this (s-1), thiab nws txhais tau tias cov magnitude ntawm tus tshaj tawm gradient ntawm lub khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thaum uas tig mus rau lub tsiv kua ib chav tsev deb nruab nrab ntawm lawv.

Nyob rau dab tsi tsis yog nyob rheological zog?

Qhov ratio ntawm kev nyuaj siab shear tus nqi txiav txim cov ntshav viscosity, ntsuas nyob rau hauv mPas. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov dej viscosity nyob rau hauv lub shear tus nqi ntau yam ntawm 0.1-120 ^s-1. Yog hais tias lub shear tus nqi> 100 ^s-1, tus viscosity kev hloov no yog tsis yog li ntawd pronounced, thiab nyob rau ncav ib shear tus nqi ntawm 200 ^s-1 yog yuav luag unchanged. Tus nqi ntsuas ntawm ib tug siab shear tus nqi, hu ua lub asymptotic. Tus thawj xib fwb yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau lub viscosity - ib tug cell deformability hais, hematocrit thiab aggregation. Thiab muab qhov tseeb hais tias cov ntshav liab piv rau platelets thiab leukocytes ntau npaum li cas lawv mas txiav txim seb tus liab hlwb. Qhov no yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv lub rheological thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav.

viscosity yam

Cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev txiav txim viscosity - lub ntim concentration ntawm cov ntshav liab, lawv nruab nrab ntim thiab cov ntsiab lus, qhov no yog hu ua tus hematocrit. Nws yog kwv yees li 0.4-0.5 l / l thiab yog txiav txim los ntawm centrifugation ntawm cov ntshav kuaj. Ib tug ntshav - ib tug Newtonian kua, cov viscosity ntawm uas txiav txim seb tus qauv ntawm cov nqaijrog, thiab nws yog nyob ntawm kub. Viscosity yog lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyhuv globulins thiab fibrinogen. Ib txhia soj ntsuam ntseeg tau hais tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj uas ua rau yus mus rau ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv ntshav viscosity - yog tus piv ntawm cov nqaijrog: albumin / fibrinogen, albumin / globulin. Nce aggregation tshwm sim thaum txiav txim los ntawm uas tsis yog-Newtonian cwj pwm ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav, uas ua erythrocyte aggregation. Physiological erythrocyte aggregation yog ib tug reversible txheej txheem. Hais tias yog dab tsi nws yog - lub rheological thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav.

Kev Kawm Ntawv erythrocytes aggregates nyob ntawm yam mechanical, hemodynamic, electrostatic, ntshav thiab lwm tus neeg. Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau ntau theories uas piav txog cov mechanism ntawm erythrocyte aggregation. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu hnub no bridging lub hom phiaj ntawm lub mechanism ntawm uas tus choj ntawm krupnomolekulyarnyh protein, fibrinogen, Y-globulins yog adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntshav liab. Lub zog ntawm cov aggregation net - qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm tus shear quab yuam (ua disaggregation), ib tug txheej ntawm erythrocytes electrostatic repulsion, uas yog tsis zoo them, lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub choj. Lub mechanism lub luag hauj lwm rau lub fixation ntawm negatively them macromolecules nyob rau hauv cov ntshav liab, piv txwv li, Y-globulin, fibrinogen, yog tseem tsis tau ntshiab heev. Peb nyob ua ib ke tswv yim hais tias lub lwg me me raws tsaug rau disperse cov rog ntawm Van ua dawb Waals rog, thiab tsis muaj zog hydrogen bonds.

Qhov ntawd pab mus ntsuam xyuas cov rheological thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav?

Rau ib txhia yog vim li cas, muaj tus aggregation ntawm cov ntshav liab?

Piav ntawm platelet aggregation kuj tsi havzoov tas, kev ib tug tsis muaj high-molecular cov nqaijrog nyob ze rau qhov erythrocytes, thiab yog li ntawd cov tshuaj tiv thaiv siab zoo nkaus li, zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv cov xwm mus rau lub osmotic siab ntawm cov macromolecular tov, ua rau lub convergence ntawm lub tshem tawm hais. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug kev tshawb xav uas txuas lub aggregation ntawm cov ntshav liab los ntawm erythrocyte yam ua rau ib tug txo ntawm lub zeta tej zaum thiab cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv metabolism thiab zoo ntawm cov ntshav liab.

Vim hais tias ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm viscosity thiab erythrocyte aggregation muaj peev xwm los soj ntsuam ntshav rheology thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub zog ntawm nws cov hlab ntsha, peb yuav tsum tau rau kev qhia ntawv tsom xam ntawm kev ua tau zoo cov ntaub ntawv. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau thiab npaj meej muaj nyob txoj kev ntsuas aggregation - kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi. Txawm li cas los, cov pa version ntawm qhov kev kuaj, me ntsis ntxiv, vim hais tias nws tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account lub rheological yam ntxwv.

txoj kev ntsuas

Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntshav rheological yam ntxwv thiab yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau lawv, peb yuav xaus uas qhov kev soj ntsuam ntawm rheological thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav muaj feem xyuam rau cov aggregation lub xeev. Niaj hnub no, soj ntsuam ntawm yog them ntau xim rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm microrheological thaj chaw ntawm no kua, tab sis kuj cov tseeb thiab viscometry tsis ploj. Basic txoj kev ntsuas zog ntawm cov ntshav muaj peev xwm yuav muab faib ua ob pawg: cov kev nyuaj siab teb thiab lim homogeneous - konusploskost, yeej, cylindrical thiab lwm yam rheometers coj txawv geometries ua hauj lwm qhov chaw; nrog teb hom thiab stresses kuj inhomogeneous - nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab ntawm kev cuv npe ntawm zaj, hluav taws xob, neeg kho tshuab deeg, pab kiag li lawm uas khiav lag luam rau Stokes txoj kev, capillary viscometers. Yog li ntawd ntsuas rheological thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav, ntshav thiab ntshiab.

Ob hom viscometers

Qhov tseem ntau tam sim no muaj ob hom ntawm viscometers: muab thiab capillary. Viscometers kuj siv, lub puab lub tog raj kheej uas floats nyob rau hauv cov kua raug sim. Peb muaj kev koom koom nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev hloov kho sib hloov mus los rheometer.

xaus

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias muaj kev nruam ntej ntawm rheological technology xwb yuav ua kom peb kawm txog cov biochemical thiab biophysical thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav khiav mikroregulyatsiey nyob rau hauv metabolic thiab hemodynamic ntshawv siab. Cuaj kaum, tam sim no nyob rau lub caij txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev rau lub tsom xam ntawm hemorheology, uas yuav objectively muaj kev cuam tshuam cov aggregation thiab rheological thaj chaw ntawm Newtonian kua.