Lub siab tshaj duab puab nyob rau hauv Russia. Nto moo Lavxias teb sab puab. yees duab

Lub siab tshaj duab puab nyob rau hauv Russia yog qhov chaw ntawm ib tug loj-scale architectural muaj pes tsawg leeg, nplooj siab mus rau lub heroes thiab warriors ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad. Qhov no monument "Lub motherland hu", tsa rau Mamayev Kurgan, nyob ze Volgograd.

Lub ntsiab tsis muaj duab puab

Lub siab tshaj duab puab nyob rau hauv Russia yog ib daim duab ntawm ib tug poj niam, uas nrawm mus rau thiab hu rau ib tug tag nrho nws cov tub. Tus pej thuam, uas sawv nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus shestnadtsatimetrovom - tsib caug-ob meters. Nyob rau hauv nws sab tes xis poj niam thiab niam tuav ib rab ntaj. Nws ntev yog peb caug-peb meters. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus luj ntawm lub ntaj - kaum plaub tons. Tag nrho cov qhov siab ntawm cov duab puab yog yim caum-tsib meters.

Cov tsis qhia lub uniqueness thiab raws li ntawm lub ntsiab monument complex. Tag nrho cov luj ntawm lub pej thuam - yim txhiab tons.

Cov pab neeg, uas tau koom tes nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm qhov kev tsim

Daim duab ntawm ib tug poj niam yog ib tug niaj hnub txhais lus ntawm cov duab ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam uas yeej - ancient Nicky. Nws txhawb kom nws cov tub thiab cov ntxhais tsis tau tsuas yog muab ib tug decisive rebuff rau tus yeeb ncuab, tab sis kuj mus rau lub offensive. Siv cov kev faib ntawm lub memorial yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb rau tag nrho lub teb chaws. Tus tsoom fwv tsis pub muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws tswv yim rog ntawm tej khoom, tej nuj nqis nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm. Peb tes num saib xyuas thiab chief sculptor - Evgeniy Viktorovich Vuchetich. Nws twb pab tau los ntawm architects thiab Belopol'skii Demin. Peb tes num kuj muab kev koom tes rau hauv lub sculptors Novikov, sailors thiab Tyurenkov. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm cov Lenin nqi zog twb muab tsub. Vucetich kuj los ua ib tug Hero ntawm Socialist Labor. Nws twb muab tsub lub kub lub hnub qub.

Engineering pab neeg uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub monument coj IV Nikitin. Tom qab ntawd, nws tsim lub Ostankino TV ntauwd. Peb tes num kuj muaj nws cov tub rog adviser. Lawv los ua Marshal VI Chuikov. Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog, cov tub rog commander txib cov tub rog uas tiv thaiv Mamayev Kurgan. Tom qab ntawd, nws twb muab tsub lub Honor ntawm raug faus nyob rau hauv lub memorial tom ntej no rau cov neeg tuag neeg tua hluav taws.

siv

Lub monument "Lub motherland hu ua" ua tau ntawm 15/10/1967 no siv ntawd kub ntev li ntawm Tej zaum 1959 Nyob rau lub sij hawm nws yog tus siab tshaj cov duab puab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, ces nws cov lus muaj nyob rau hauv Guinness Phau Ntawv Cov Ntaub Ntawv.

Monument ua los ntawm prestressed qhob blocks. ob txhiab plaub puas tons ntawm hlau lug yuav tsum tau rau lawv siv thiab ua. Lub pob zeb ua siv nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsib txhiab tsib puas tons. Thiab nws yog tsis muaj lub hauv paus, uas tus pej thuam. Lub siab tshaj duab puab nyob rau hauv Russia sawv ntawm lub phaj, lub qhov siab ntawm cov uas yog tsuas yog ob tug meters. Qhov no puag, nyob rau hauv lem, rests on ib tug foundation thaum underground.

Lub phab ntsa thickness ntawm cov duab puab ua los ntawm kev reinforced, yog tus me me. Nws yog nees nkaum-tsib mus rau peb caug centimeters. Lub rigidity ntawm tus ncej yog muab los ntawm lub hugest cuaj caum cuaj strained hlau cables. Lawv nyob hauv cov duab puab.

restoration ua hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv cov thawj version ntawm hniav ntaj hniav riam uas tuas tus pej thuam raug ua los ntawm stainless hlau. Sab nraum nws sheathed nrog titanium los xij. Txawm li cas los, ib tug muaj zog cua twb qev ib rab ntaj. Steel los xij rattled. Thiab yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1972, twb hloov nyob rau hauv cov hniav ua nkaus ntawm steel fluoridated. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm peb tau tshem ntawm cov teeb meem nrog rau cov cua, ib tse nrog koj rab ntaj nyob rau hauv sab saum toj ntawm lub qhov rais.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws pej thuam nyob rau Russia, uas yog lub ntsiab monument ntawm lub memorial khaub ncaws ntau nyob rau hauv Volgograd, nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm tag nrho ntawm nws lub neej twb rov qab los ob zaug. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1972, ces hloov cov hniav ntawm tus hniav ntaj hniav riam. Nyob rau hauv 1986, nws tau rov qab los ib hydrophobic txheej ntawm tus pej thuam.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab puab

Lub monument "Lub motherland hu" EV Vucetic muaj ib tug amazing cov cuab yeej. nws ua ib tug tej yam puas siab puas ntsws tej yam nyob rau txhua tuav. Raws li tus sau tau tiav no, peb txhua tus muaj peev xwm tsuas xav txog tej yam. Cov criticisms uas tau hnov nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm ib qho chaw nyob (nyob rau hauv uas nws tau muab piv nrog rau cov Marseillaise nyob rau Arc tsib triomphe nyob rau hauv Paris), qhov no tshwm sim yog tsis piav. Sculptor tus kheej paub txog qhov feem ntau brutal tsov rog nyob rau hauv tib neeg keeb kwm. Nws ua hauj lwm yog ib tug tribute rau lub cim xeeb ntawm tag nrho cov poob, thiab ib tug perpetual ceeb toom ciaj sia. Nws yog ib tug zoo kev txawj ntawm tus sculptor thiab tau tsim no zoo kawg li monument.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm monumental kos duab

Tag nrho lub sij hawm ntawm cov hav zoov ntawm peb lub teb chaws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam txheej xwm. Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam cov monumental sculptures Russia. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv tau tsim thiab xa, rhuav tshem thiab los yug dua rov qab los. Tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm monuments loj loj kev cai stratum ntawm lub teb chaws.

Nthuav sculptures ntawm classicism nyob rau hauv Russia. Qhov no style ntawm European kos duab predominated nyob rau hauv lub 17-19 centuries. Cov sculptures uas tau tsim thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab clarity ntawm cov dluab, nruj kev qhuab qhia, thiab poise.

Yog li ntawd, lub nroog ntau nyob rau hauv 1846 dai kom zoo nkauj lub monument depicting lub Empress Catherine II. Tua nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1782 mus 1788 nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws siv ntau lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub realm ntawm tsev neeg Goncharov.

Heev nthuav yog lub keeb kwm monuments Petersburg classicism sij hawm. Piv txwv li, ib tug loj loj portrait bust ntawm Alexander kuv, twb caum tus qauv IP Martos thiab carved los ntawm marble BI Orlovsky. Nyob rau hauv 1822, lub bust yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj imperial monuments nyob rau hauv sab hauv ntawm lub Tshuag txauv, nyob rau Vasilyevsky Island. Nws yog hais tias lub yeej muaj tseeb Martos tau koob meej ua tsaug rau lub monument tsim los ntawm lawv, tsim nyob rau hauv Moscow. Qhov no monumental duab puab rau Minin thiab Pozharsky (1818). Nws thaws rov los lub siab hais tias tau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab neeg thaum lub sij hawm qhov ntxeem tau ntawm Napoleon.

Yuav kom qhov no hnub, St. Petersburg monument adorns IA Krylov, uas nyob rau hauv 1855. Lub zoo meej tshaj plaws qhia ntawm lub classical style nyob rau hauv lwm monumental ua hauj lwm. Nws tau ua ib tug monument rau Suvorov los ntawm sculptor M. Kozlowski. Commander sau xwm nrog ib tug ntaub thaiv npog thiab rab ntaj nyob rau hauv tes. Nyob rau hauv no daim duab Suvorov froze nyob rau hauv gusty zog. Tag nrho cov duab puab aims coj los ua ke rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm triumph thiab kev ua pej xeem. Lub monument, ntsia rau ntawm Suvorov Square, yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov.

Nyiaj hnub nyoog Sculpture nyob rau hauv Russia tsim ib tug hluas tiam ntxias. Lawv tsis lo rau lub classical thiab nrhiav tshiab cov ntaub ntawv dluab ntawm lawv cov nqi heev. Monumental duab puab ntawm lub sij hawm no tau ua tsawg tseem ceeb. Qhov tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no yog ib tug monument rau lub kws sau paj lug Pushkin, uas yog tsa nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Pushkin. Ntawm cov tseem ceeb monumental sculptures nyiaj muaj hnub nyoog - cov monument los Alexander III. Sculptor Trubetskoy, uas tsim nws, yog tau embody cov duab ntawm tus huab tais nyob rau hauv ib tug unusually qhia thiab mob daim ntawv.

Lub Soviet lub sij hawm

Nrog cov tuaj rau lub hwj chim ntawm lub Bolsheviks mus rau lub sculptures tau ua kev kawm tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv yuav tsum tau nrov. Yog li ntawd, los tsim cov dluab ntawm sculptures los ua neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub zos thiab lub zos, cov tub rog thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Soviet intelligentsia. Lub monument yuav tsum muaj lub ideological kev txiav txim zoo thiab qhia cov thaj yeeb lub neej ntawm cov neeg, raws li tau zoo raws li nws heroic deeds. Ib qho tseem ceeb sculptures yog nyob rau hauv thiab tej yam tseem ceeb. Cov duab no yog los taw tes rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov keeb kwm kev loj hlob, uas corresponded rau lub materialist conception ntawm keeb kwm.

Qhov loj tshaj monuments ntawm lub Soviet era

Yuav ua li cas yog lub siab tshaj duab puab Russia tom qab tus pej thuam "Lub motherland hu"? Qhov no memorial ua tau nyob rau hauv Murmansk. Nws yog nplooj siab mus rau lub defenders ntawm lub Ncov qaumteb qabteb cheeb tsam los ntawm lub Nazi invaders. Memorial qhib nyob rau hauv 1974. Nws sau phau ntawv yog sculptor thiab kes duab vajtse Brodsky Basil. Lub qhov siab ntawm cov duab puab ntawm lub memorial - 35,5 meters. Monument rau cov pedestal nce mus rau 45,5 m.

Peb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov siab tshaj plaws saum belongs rau Lenin monument tsa nyob rau hauv Volgograd. Lub qhov siab ntawm cov pedestal yog ib tug 57 m.

Nws yog lub npe hu thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no thiab ib tug monument "Lub Worker thiab cov Collective ua liaj ua teb poj niam". Qhov no duab puab tau ua ib lub cim ntawm lub Soviet era. Tus sau dvadtsatipyatimetrovoy muaj pes tsawg leeg yog Vera Muhina.