Lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab cov magnetic teb zog

Yuav kom qhov no kev kawm, xws li ib tus hlau nplaum, tag nrho cov tau ntev lawm accustomed. Peb tsis pom nyob rau hauv nws dab tsi tshwj xeeb. Peb nyob qib qub nrog cov ib txwm physics zaj lus qhia los yog ua qauv qhia ntawm lub thaj chaw ntawm cov hlau nplaum tricks rau lawv kawm kom. Thiab tsis yog leej twg xav tias raws li cov hlau nplaum puag ncig peb nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Nyob rau hauv txhua txhua chav tsev muaj cov dozens. Magnet ntaus ntawv tam sim no nyob rau hauv txhua hais lus, daim kab xev, hluav taws xob shavers, teev. Txawm lub tsev txhab nyiaj uas muaj tes tsis yog.

Thiab tsis tau?

Peb - cov neeg - tsis yog lub kos. Tsaug rau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cev Biotok nyob ib ncig ntawm peb muaj yog ib qho pom kev txawv ntawm nws teb kab. Lossis loj magnet yog ntiaj chaw lub ntiaj teb. Ib tug ntau ambitious - ntshav pob ntawm lub hnub. To taub tsis tau mus rau tib neeg lub siab qhov luaj li cas ntawm galaxies thiab nebulae tsis tshua lees lub tswv yim tias tag nrho cov ntawm no - tseem hlau nplaum.

Niaj hnub nimno science yuav tsum tau cov creation ntawm tshiab loj thiab super-haib hlau nplaum, daim ntawv thov ntawm cov uas muaj feem xyuam rau nuclear fusion, lub cim ntawm hluav taws xob lub hwj chim, acceleration nyob rau hauv synchrotrons them hais, lifting sunken hlab ntsha. Tsim ib tug superstrong teb siv lub nqus thaj chaw ntawm cov hlau nplaum - ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem uas niaj hnub physics.

hais lub tswvyim

Ib tug sib nqus teb yog ib tug quab yuam sawv ib lub cev muaj them nyiaj ntawm, yog nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab. Nws yog "tsis ua hauj lwm" taag khoom (yog devoid ntawm them nyiaj) thiab ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib daim ntawv ntawm electromagnetic teb, uas tshwm sim raws li ib tug ntau dav tswvyim.

Yog hais tias lub cev muaj peev xwm tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm nws tus kheej ib tug sib nqus teb lawv tus kheej thiab xav tias tus quab yuam ntawm nws feem, lawv yog hu ua cov hlau nplaum. Uas yog, cov ntaub ntawv khoom - yog magnetized (muaj cov coj lub sij hawm ntawd).

Ntaub ntawv sib txawv li cas txawv rau lwm teb. Tsis muaj zog nws cov nyhuv hauv hu ua paramagnetic, reinforcing - diamagnetic. Tej yam ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm txhawb ib tug thousandfold lwm magnetic teb. Qhov no - ferromagnetic ntaub ntawv (cobalt, npib tsib xee, hlau, gadolinium, thiab alloys thiab sib txuas ntawm hais tias co). Cov neeg uas poob nyob rau hauv tus ntawm muaj zog sab nraud teb lawv tus kheej tau sib nqus, xa mus rau raws li magnetically. Lwm yam, muaj peev xwm ntawm kev zoo li ib tus hlau nplaum nyob rau hauv tib tus ntawm lub teb, thiab ho tsum lawm yuav tsum tau nrog nws disappearance - magnetically.

Ib me ntsis ntawm keeb kwm

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm mus tas li magnet thaj chaw ntawm cov neeg muab kev koom tes nrog ib tug heev, ntev heev lub sij hawm. Hais los ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub ntawmv ntawm kws tshawb fawb ntawm ancient Greece tseem 600 xyoo ua ntej peb era. Ntuj (ntawm tej yam ntuj tso keeb kwm) yuav ntes cov hlau nplaum nyob rau hauv magnetic ore deposits. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws tej yam ntuj tso hlau nplaum muab cia rau hauv lub University of Tartu. Nws nyhav 13 kilograms thiab tus luj uas yuav raug rho tawm mus nrog nws cov kev pab - 40 kg.

Noob neej tau kawm los mus tsim dag hlau nplaum, siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm ferromagnetic cov ntaub ntawv. Tus nqi hmoov (cobalt, hlau, thiab hais txog. P.) Yog cov muaj peev xwm los tuav ib tug luj ntawm ntau tshaj 5000 lub sij hawm rau nws tus kheej yuag. Dag zaus yuav ua tau qhov (muab los ntawm lub magnetic ntaub ntawv) los yog electromagnets muaj ib tug tub ntxhais uas nws cov ntaub ntawv uas - mos hlau. voltage teb nyob rau hauv uas tshwm sim vim cov zaj uas lub fais tam sim no los ntawm hlau windings uas ib puag ncig rau cov tub ntxhais.

Cov thawj loj phau ntawv uas muaj cov me nyuam no los tshawb nrhiav cov khoom ntawm ib tug magnet - cov ua hauj lwm ntawm lub London tus kws kho mob Hilbert, tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1600. Qhov no ua hauj lwm muaj cov totality ntawm cov muaj ntaub ntawv thaum lub sij hawm txog magnetism thiab hluav taws xob, raws li zoo raws li tus sau lub thwmsim.

Tej yam uas twb muaj lawm phenomena neeg yog sim kom hloov mus rau cov tswv yim lub neej. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov hlau nplaum tsis yog ib qho kev zam.

Yuav ua li cas siv hlau nplaum

Yuav ua li cas yog lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum ntawm cov tib neeg muaj cov kev? Scope nws yog li ntawd ntau uas peb muaj peev xwm tsuas yog luv luv kov rau ntawm lub ntsiab, qhov tseem zoo-paub pab kiag li lawm thiab daim ntaub ntawv ntawm no zoo kawg li tus kwv.

Compass yog tag nrho cov zoo-paub ntaus ntawv rau kev txiav txim lub struts chaw. Ua tsaug rau nws, leem txoj kev ntawm cov dav hlau, ships, av tsheb thauj mus los, mus taug kev hom phiaj. Cov pab kiag li lawm tej zaum yuav sib nqus (hu hom) siv los ntawm tourists thiab surveyors los yog uas tsis yog-sib nqus (xov tooj cua thiab gidrokompasy).

Tus thawj compasses los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso hlau nplaum tau manufactured nyob rau hauv lub XI xyoo pua thiab twb siv nyob rau hauv navigation. Lawv raws li lawv cov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv free kev sib hloov nyob rau hauv lub kab rov tav dav hlau ntawm ib tug ntev koob ntawm ib tug sib nqus cov ntaub ntawv uas, ib tug kuas nyob rau axis. Ib kawg ntawm nws ib txwm ntsib sab qab teb, lub lwm - rau sab qaum teb. Qhov no txoj kev koj yuav yeej ib txwm saib raws nraim lub ntsiab lus qhia txog cardinal.

Lub ntsiab qhov chaw

Tej qhov chaw uas cov hlau nplaum zog tau pom loj siv - xov tooj cua thiab hluav taws xob, instrumentation, Tsis Siv Neeg thiab tej thaj chaw deb tswj. Ntawm ferromagnetic ntaub ntawv yog relays, magnetic, thiab hais txog. N. Nyob rau hauv 1820 nws raug sab neeg xyuas pib cuab yeej nrog cov tam sim no ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub xub ntawm cov hlau nplaum, yuam nws tig. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws ua lwm foundations - ib tug khub ntawm thaum uas tig mus conductors los ntawm kev uas tam sim no ntws nyob rau hauv ib tug coj, muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm kev sib nrig sib attraction.

Vim hais tias ntawm no assumption tau ua vim yog lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Tag nrho cov phenomena tshwm sim vim cov dej tsaws ntxhee, xws li circulating hauv lub nqus cov ntaub ntawv. Niaj hnub nimno cov tswv yim ntawm science yog zoo tib yam nrog rau qhov no assumption.

Nyob rau xyaw thiab generators

Raws li nws tau tsim muaj ntau yam ntau ntau yam ntawm electric motors thiab generators, i.e. ib tug teb hom tshuab, uas nws lub lag luam yog ua raws li transformation ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab zog rau hauv hluav taws xob lub zog (peb yuav sib tham txog generators) los yog hluav taws xob mus rau hauv mechanical (rau xyaw). Tej generator ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electromagnetic induction, piv txwv li lub EMF (electromotive quab yuam) tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov hlau, uas yog tsiv nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb. Lub cev muaj zog ua hauj lwm raws li nyob rau tshwm sim ntawm tshwm sim ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub hlau nrog tam sim no, muab tso rau hauv ib lub transverse teb.

Siv lub dag lub zog ntawm kev sis raug zoo nrog lub teb tam sim no uas kis tau los ntawm cov windings ntawm lub tsiv qhov chaw khiav lag luam pab kiag li lawm xa magnetoelectric. Raws li tshiab haib alternating-tam sim no lub cev muaj zog muaj ob tug windings ua induction zog 'meter'. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub conductive winding tsav yog raug mus rau lub sib hloov torque, tus quab yuam yog proportional rau lub hwj chim noj.

Thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub?

Nruab nrog ib tug tej yam me me roj teeb hluav taws xob ua si yog me ntsis rau tag nrho cov. Lawv ntaus ntawv los ntawm kev siv ib tug khub ntawm cov hlau nplaum, ib khub inductors thiab transistor yog npaum li cas yooj yim dua rau tus xov tooj ntawm cov khoom muaj dua li ntawd ntawm txhua yam ua si.

Ntau thiab ntau dua kev siv yog ua los ntawm electromagnetic hom los yog cov xauv yog lub tog raj kheej xauv uas yog muab nrog magnetic ntsiab. Lawv yog cov zoo li ib tug tseem ceeb thiab xauv feature code teeb. Thaum txhaj mus rau hauv lub zoo qhov tseeb tseem ceeb xauv rau hauv txoj hauj lwm attracted cov internal Cheebtsam ntawm ib tug sib nqus xauv uas tso cai rau koj mus qhib nws.

Raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov hlau nplaum ntaus ntawv thiab cov galvanometer dynamometers (high rhiab heev ntawm lub ntaus ntawv los ntawm cov uas yog ntsuas zog currents). Cov khoom ntawm cov hlau nplaum tau siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm ntxhib no los txhuam. Yog li ntawd yog ntse thiab heev me me khoom hais, uas yog tsim nyog rau machining (sib tsoo, polishing, stripping), ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov yam nyob rau hauv lub ntoos sib xyaw ferrosilicon tej settles nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub cub tawg tej kos nyob rau hauv lub abrasive muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yuav kom tshem tawm nws los yeej muaj, thiab cov hlau nplaum yog yuav tsum tau.

Science thiab kev sib txuas lus

Vim lub magnetic thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv science yuav kawm txog cov qauv ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm lub cev. Kuv thiaj tsuas hais magnetochemistry los yog sib nqus khuam (defect nrhiav kom tau txoj kev los ntawm Ntsuam xyuas cov magnetic teb distortion khoom nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw).

Thiab thov lawv mus rau lub ntau lawm txheej txheem ultrahigh ntau zaus, xov tooj cua tshuab kev twb kev txuas (cov tub rog thiab coj mus muag kab), thaum lub sij hawm lub tshav kub kev kho mob raws li nyob rau hauv lub tsev, thiab nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam khoom (tag nrho cov paub microwaves). Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua suab nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm sau tag nrho cov complex kev pab kiag li lawm thiab daim ntaub ntawv, uas yog siv niaj hnub no sib nqus ntawm tshuaj.

kheej kev kho mob

Kuv tsis muaj kev zam thiab lub Scope ntawm diagnostics thiab kev kho mob kev kho mob. Los ntawm X-ray tawg generating electron linear accelerators ua mob txoj kev kho, nyob rau hauv cyclotrons thiab synchrotrons generated proton beams muaj zoo dua x-rays rau hauv lub zos orientation thiab muaj zog miv nyuas siv zug nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm lub qhov muag thiab lub hlwb hlav.

Nrog kev xav txog lom science, nws yog tseem mus txog rau lub nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem lub neej khiav dej num ntawm lub cev yog tsis txuam nrog lub hav zoov ntawm magnetic teb. Kev ntaub ntawv tsis tshua Iwj thawm ceeb toom ntawm ib tug los yog lwm ntawm lawv noj qab nyob zoo. Tab sis txij thaum lub sixties avalanche ntws ntawv rau cov lom thaj chaw ntawm cov hlau nplaum.

Ces thiab Tam sim no

Txawm li cas los, npaj siab los kho cov neeg uas lawv twb tau los ntawm lub alchemists nyob rau hauv lub XVI caug xyoo. Nws kaw ntau muaj kev vam meej sim kho hniav, lub paj hlwb kev ntshawv siab, insomnia, thiab ntau hauv nruab nrog cev muaj teeb meem. Nws nkawd hais tias nws siv cov magnesium nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tau pom tsis muaj txoj kev tom qab tshaj nyob rau hauv navigation.

Qhov kawg ib nrab-xyoo pua yog lug siv magnetic bracelets, nrov ntawm cov neeg mob nrog impaired cov ntshav siab. Zaum tau tiag ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm kom cov kuj ntawm cov hlau nplaum ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Nrog rau cov kev pab ntawm electromagnetic pab kiag li lawm tau kawm los ntsuas cov kev ceev ntawm cov ntshav txaus, los yog coj kuaj ntawm cov tshuaj muab xav tsiav tshuaj.

Magnet muab tshem tawm daig nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag zoo hlau hais. Nws txiav txim no yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm elektrodatchikov (tej uas yog peb yeej paub txog ntawm txoj kev electrocardiogram). Niaj hnub no physicists kev koom tes nrog biologists kawm lwm mechanisms ntawm tib neeg raug tus kab mob rau magnetic teb yog ua los ze zog thiab ntau tsim nyog.

Neodymium magnet: lub zog thiab daim ntaub ntawv

Neodymium hlau nplaum pom tau hais tias muaj tus loj tshaj tej yam rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Lawv muaj xws li neodymium, hlau thiab boron. Cov tshuaj mis ntawm - NdFeB. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm xws li ib tug magnet yog xav tau ib tug muaj zog tus ntawm nws teb nrog ib tus me npaum li cas. Yog li, tus luj quab yuam ntawm cov hlau nplaum 200 yog hais txog 1 gauss c. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, nws sib npaug zos nyob rau hauv lub dag lub zog hlau magnet muaj ib tug luj ntau dua tshaj 10 lub sij hawm.

Lwm undoubted kom zoo dua ntawm hais tias cov hlau nplaum - zoo resilience thiab lub peev xwm los cia cov yam zoo rau ntau pua xyoo. Rau ib xyoo pua cov hlau nplaum loses nws cov khoom los tsuas 1%.

Yuav ua li cas xyov yog kho neodymium magnet?

Nrog nws cov kev pab txhim kho kev, lub siab yog stabilized, muaj migraine.

Cov khoom ntawm neodymium hlau nplaum pib yuav tsum tau siv los kho ib co 2,000 xyoo dhau los. Mention ntawm daim ntawv no ntawm txoj kev kho muaj nyob rau hauv phau tau txhais ntawm ancient Tuam Tshoj. Ces kho los ntawm thov ib tug magnetized pob zeb rau tib neeg lub cev.

Therapy muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm attaching lawv mus rau lub cev. Lus dab neeg pab leg ntaubntawv hais tias cov zoo heev kho mob thiab cov ethereal kev zoo nkauj ntawm Cleopatra muaj tas mus li coj rau lub sib nqus lub taub hau ntaub qhwv. Nyob rau hauv Persian X xyoo pua zaum nthuav dav piav lig los neodymium magnet zog rau tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tshem tawm ntawm o thiab mob spasm. Cov tseem muaj sia nyob ua pov thawj tias lub sij hawm yuav raug txiav txim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm lawv mus nce nqaij muaj zog, pob txha muaj zog thiab txo qhov mob nyob rau hauv cov pob qij txha.

Tag nrho cov ills ...

Pov thawj nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm tej kis muaj tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1530 los ntawm tus naas ej tus kws kho mob Paracelsus los ntawm Switzerland. Nyob rau hauv nws sau, tus kws kho mob tau piav tej yam yees siv thaj chaw ntawm cov hlau nplaum uas yuav mus tsim kho lub cev tus kheej-kho neeg mob thiab ua. Ib tug ntau ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau hauv cov hnub twb assailed los ntawm kev siv cov hlau nplaum.

Thoob plaws self-tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States nrog kev pab los ntawm qhov cuab tam nyob rau hauv lub post-tsov rog xyoo (1861-1865) thaum cov tshuaj yog categorically tsis txaus. Thiab peb siv nws li ib tug tshuaj thiab raws li ib tug mob reliever.

Los ntawm cov XX xyoo pua nrog lub kho thaj chaw ntawm cov hlau nplaum tau txais ib tug scientific ua neeg ncajncees. Nyob rau hauv 1976, Japanese tus kws kho mob Nikagavoy tswvyim syndrome magnetic teb tsis muaj peev xwm tau ua tswvcuab. Kev tshawb fawb tau tsim nws caij nyoog cov tsos mob. Lawv muaj xws li tsis muaj zog, qaug zog, txo kev kawm, thiab pw tsis taus cov txheej txheem. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov yastes yastaw, ob leeg thiab tus txha caj pains, muaj teeb meem nrog lub digestive thiab kab systems raws li hypotension los yog tawg. Raws li rau lub syndrome thiab Gynecology, thiab daim tawv nqaij hloov. Kev siv cov magnetic cov ntaub ntawv lub xeev heev ntse tswj kom normalize.

Science tsis sawv tseem

Zaum txuas ntxiv mus xyaum ua tej yam nrog magnetic teb. Sim kawm tau ua ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj thiab noog, raws li zoo li nyob rau hauv cov kab mob. Cov ntsiab lus uas tsis muaj zog txaus magnetic teb thiaj li muaj qhov kev vam meej ntawm metabolic dab nyob rau hauv lub sim noog, nas, cov kab mob multiply sai heev nres. Nrog ntev-lub sij hawm muaj tsis txaus cov teb nyob ntaub so ntswg yauv irreversible hloov.

Nws yog sib ntaus sib tua tawm tsam tag nrho cov tshwm sim thiab ua kom muaj ntau yam tsis zoo txim thov magnetic txoj kev kho raws li xws li. Nws nkawd hais tias thaum lub sij hawm tam sim tag nrho cov kev pab thaj chaw ntawm cov hlau nplaum tsis tau kawm nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo degree. Ua ntej ntawm cov kws kho mob ib tug ntau ntawm nthuav discoveries thiab tshiab tsim tau.