Lub zog ntawm cov ntshav membrane ntawm lub cell

Cov ntshav membrane - lipid bilayer nrog kev nyob rau hauv nws cov thickness cov nqaijrog, ion raws, thiab receptor molecules. Qhov no cov neeg kho tshuab teeb meem uas cais lub cytoplasm ntawm lub pericellular qhov chaw, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub xwb kev sib txuas lus nrog cov sab nraud ib puag ncig. Thiab vim hais tias cytolemma yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lug ntawm lub cell, thiab nws cov kev khiav dej num tso cai rau nws nyob ua ib ke thiab koom tau nrog lwm cell pawg.

Lub tswv yim ntawm lub zog tsitolemmy

Cov ntshav membrane nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas nws yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug tsiaj ntawm tes, yus muaj los ntawm rau ib tug plurality ntawm ntau lub nceeg vaj ntawm cov kab mob no. Cov kab mob thiab protozoa, uas nws lub cev yog ib tug tib cell, yog cov cytoplasmic membrane. Thiab tej tsiaj txhu, fungi thiab cov nroj tsuag raws li lub multicellular kab mob tsis tau poob nws nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm evolution. Txawm li cas los, qhov sib txawv kingdoms uas muaj sia nyob tsitolemmy sib txawv dog dig, txawm hais tias nws muaj nuj nqi yog tseem zoo li qub. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab faib ua peb pawg: Paub Faib, thauj thiab kev sib txuas lus.

Cov pab pawg neeg faib zog muaj xws li cov neeg kho tshuab kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub hlwb, kev tswj nws zoo, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov extracellular nruab nrab. Membrane thauj plays ib tug muaj nuj nqi pab pawg neeg los muaj cov kev cov nqaijrog, ion raws thiab transporters tej tshuaj. Los ntawm tsitolemmy tham zog tsim nyog los nqa cov receptor. Nyob rau ib tug saum npoo membrane receptor ceg sau ua ib pawg tshwm sim los ntawm cov uas hlwb yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv humoral ntaub ntawv hloov lwm lub tsev mechanisms. Txawm li cas los, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kuj hais tias cytolemma puag ncig tsis tau tsuas yog cov cell, tab sis kuj muaj ib co ntawm nws cov membranous organelles. Nyob rau hauv lawv, nws plays lub luag hauj lwm tib yam li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov cell.

barrier muaj nuj nqi

Cov teeb meem muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov ntshav membrane ntau. Nws tiv thaiv cov sab hauv cell tej tus uas twb muaj lawm concentration ntawm tshuaj nyob rau hauv nws cov kev hloov. Nyob rau hauv kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub diffusion txheej txheem tshwm sim, i.e. self-haum ntawm concentration ntawm xov xwm nrog txawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm tej yam tshuaj. Plasmolemma cia li sim los ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv cov diffusion ntawm kua txaus thiab ions nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia. Yog li, daim nyias nyias tas lub cytoplasm nrog ib tug tej concentration ntawm ntsha los ntawm cov pericellular ib puag ncig.

Ib tug thib ob qhia ntawm barrier muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov ntshav membrane - ib tug tiv thaiv los ntawm muaj zog acidic thiab muaj zog alkaline tej yam kev mob. Plasmolemma lub tsev nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas lub xaus ntawm lub hydrophobic lipid molecules fim sab nrauv. Vim hais tias nws yog feem ntau distinguishes ntawm intracellular thiab extracellular tawm nrog txawv pH ntsuas. Nws yog tsim nyog rau cell kev ua si.

Cov teeb meem muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub organelle week

Cov teeb meem muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov ntshav membrane yog txawv vim hais tias lawv yog nyob ntawm seb nws qhov chaw nyob. Nyob rau hauv kev karyotheca, piv txwv li lipid bilayer tub ntxhais, tiv thaiv nws los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab kev puas tsuaj thiab sib koom ib puag ncig ntawm nuclear cytoplasmic. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ntseeg hais tias karyotheca yog inextricably txuas nrog cov daim nyias nyias ntawm lub endoplasmic reticulum. Vim hais tias tag nrho lawv yog suav tias yog united raws li ib tug repository ntawm caj ces, protein synthesizing system thiab pawg posttranslational kev hloov kho ntawm cov protein molecules. Lub membrane cytoplasmic tes hauj lwm tsim nyog los tswj tus duab ntawm intracellular thauj raws los ntawm kev uas tsiv mus nyob rau cov protein ntau, lipid thiab carbohydrate molecules.

Mitochondrial membrane tiv thaiv lub mitochondria thiab plastid - chloroplasts. Lysosomal membrane kuj ua raws li ib tug teeb meem: txhoj puab heev cheeb tsam li ntawm lysosomes pH thiab active ntaub ntawv ntawm cov pa uas yuav ua kev puas cov qauv hauv lub hlwb, yog hais tias lawv yog mus txeem. Lub membrane yog ib tug universal teeb meem, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tso cai cov lysosomes rau "zom" cov khoom hais thiab txwv qhov chaw ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm enzymes.

Neeg kho tshuab nuj nqi plasmolemma

Cov neeg kho tshuab cov kev ua ntawm cov ntshav membrane no kuj tsis yog teeb. Firstly, cytolemma koom tes cell zoo. Ob, nws txwv lub deformability ntawm hlwb, tiam sis tsis tiv thaiv kom txhob cov kev hloov ntawm lub cev thiab flowability. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ntxiv dag zog rau cov daim nyias nyias yog tseem tau. Qhov no tshwm sim vim tus tsim ntawm cell phab ntsa protists, cov kab mob, nroj tsuag thiab fungi. Nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj, nrog rau tus tib neeg lub hom, cov cell phab ntsa yog lub feem ntau yooj yim thiab muaj tsuas ib tug glycocalyx.

Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob, nws glycoprotein nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag - cellulose, fungi - chitin. Diatoms thiab tag tso nyob rau hauv nws cov cell phab ntsa ntawm silica (silicon oxide), uas ho tsub kom tus neeg kho tshuab zog thiab kuj hlwb. Thiab txhua txhua lub cev cell phab ntsa yuav tsum tau rau qhov no. Ib tug cytolemma nws tus kheej muaj ib tug ntau sab muaj zog tshaj lub txheej ntawm proteoglycans, cellulose los yog chitin. Nyob rau hauv hais tias tsitolemmy plays ib tug txhua yam luag hauj lwm, tsis muaj nrog.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg kho tshuab cov kev ua ntawm cov ntshav membrane tso cai rau cov mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, nucleus thiab endoplasmic reticulum muaj nuj nqi tsis pub dhau lub hlwb thiab tiv thaiv tiv thaiv subthreshold kev puas tsuaj. Nws yog cov yam ntxwv rau tej cell muaj cov ntaub ntawv membranous organelles. Ntxiv mus, cov ntshav membrane yog cytoplasmic protuberances, uas yog generated los ntawm cell-cell hu. Qhov kev piv txwv ntawm tus neeg kho tshuab cov kev ua ntawm cov ntshav membrane. Cov kev tiv thaiv luag hauj lwm ntawm daim nyias nyias ensured kuj vim muaj ib tug tej yam ntuj tso kuj thiab fluidity ntawm lub lipid bilayer.

Communicative muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub cytoplasmic membrane

Ntawm cov tham zog yuav tsum muaj xws li cov thauj thiab txais tos. Cov ob qualities hais rau cov ntshav membrane thiab karyotheca. Lub membrane organelle tsis yeej ib txwm muaj receptors, los yog riddled nrog thauj raws, thiab nyob karyotheca thiab tsitolemmy cov formations muaj. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm lawv cov kev siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas lus zog.

Thauj yog pom tau hais los ntawm ob mechanisms: zog expenditure, uas yog, ib tug active txoj kev, thiab tsis muaj tus nqi, tej yam yooj yim diffusion. Txawm li cas los, lub cell yuav nqa tshuaj thiab los ntawm phagocytosis los yog pinocytosis. Qhov no yog accomplished los ntawm capturing ib tug huab ntawm kua los yog khoom hais protrusions cytoplasm. Ces tus cell li yog hais tias tus tes grips particle los yog kua droplet, rub nws sab hauv thiab txoj kev nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cytoplasmic txheej.

Active thauj, diffusion

Active thauj - qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov xim haum ntawm electrolytes thiab cov as-ham. Ntawm kev raws sawv cev los ntawm protein molecules muaj li ntawm ntau yam subunits, lub tshuaj los yog hydrated ion penetrates mus rau hauv lub cytoplasm. Yaunas hloov potentials thiab as-ham yog incorporated rau hauv lub metabolic saw. Thiab tag nrho cov ntawm cov kev tso cai nyob rau hauv lub cell ntshav membrane nquag pab rau nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob.

lipid-soluble

Heev differentiated hlwb, e.g., lub paj hlwb, endocrine los yog nqaij, ion raws siv cov ntaub ntawv los ua kom muaj kev txiav txim potentials thiab so. Nws yog tsim vim lub osmotic sib txawv thiab electrochemical thiab fabrics npaj muaj peev xwm rau cov ntsws, los yog ua kom muaj ib tug raug mem tes mus rau teb rau Pib ntsais koj teeb los yog kis rau lawv. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb mechanism rau sib ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hlwb, uas underlies lub paj hlwb kev cai ntawm lub zog ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntshav membrane ntawm cov tsiaj hlwb muab kev cai uas tseem ceeb heev functions, kev tiv thaiv thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob.

Ib txhia tshuaj yuav thiab tsis txeem los ntawm daim nyias nyias, tab sis nws yog raug tsuas yog rau cov lipophilic molecules ntawm fat-soluble molecules. Lawv tsuas yaj nyob rau hauv lub bilayer membrane, yooj yim tau txais mus rau hauv lub cytoplasm. Qhov no thauj mechanism yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm steroid cov tshuaj hormones. Ib tug qauv ntawm peptide cov tshuaj hormones yog tsis tau txeem los ntawm daim nyias nyias, tab sis kuj kis ntaub ntawv ntawm tes. Qhov no yog tiav vim lub xub ntiag ntawm lub receptor rau ntawm qhov chaw plasmolemma (ib) molecules. Lwm yam biochemical mechanisms ntawm teeb liab transduction mus rau lub nucleus ua ke nrog lub mechanism ntawm ncaj qha nkag mus ntawm yam los ntawm cov lipid membrane yog ib tug yooj yim system humoral kev cai. Thiab tag nrho cov nta ib ntshav membrane cov nqaijrog yog tsim nyog tsis tsuas mus rau ib tug tib cell thiab tag nrho kab mob.

Rooj zog cytoplasmic membrane

Cov feem ntau pom tseeb txoj kev mus rau ntsiab lub zog ntawm cov ntshav membrane - ib lub rooj uas muaj kev nws lom lub luag hauj lwm rau lub cell raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Cov lus no kom meej meej qhia tau hais tias uas zog yog ua los ntawm cov ntshav membrane. Txawm li cas los, cov cwj pwm ua si los ntawm tsuas yog tus cell daim nyias nyias, piv txwv li lub lipid bilayer uas nyob ib ncig txhua lub hlwb. Hauv nws muaj organelles, uas tseem muaj ib tug membrane. Lawv lub luag hauj lwm yuav tsum tau qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib daim duab.

Lub zog ntawm cov ntshav membrane: lub tswvyim

Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cell week nram qab no sib txawv organelles: lub nucleus, ntxhib thiab du endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes. Nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov organelles, membrane plays ib tug tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm. Xav txog cov piv txwv nws yuav ua tau ib tug tabular tswvyim.

Lub week ntawm cov tsiaj hlwb

Cov no yog cov kev khiav dej num ntawm cov ntshav membrane ntawm lub cell, qhov twg nws plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm rau txhua tus organelle. Ntxiv mus, ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev khiav dej num yuav tsum tau ua ke mus rau hauv ib tug - nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub teeb meem thiab txhua yam kev khiav dej num ua ke nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv. Ntxiv mus, lub zog ntawm cov ntshav membrane nyob rau hauv lub cog ntawm tes yog zoo tib yam rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv tus tsiaj thiab kab mob.

Tsiaj cell yog lub feem ntau complex thiab mas differentiated. Muaj ntau ntau kev, poluintegralnyh thiab nto proteins. Nyob rau hauv kev, nyob rau hauv multicellular kab mob yog ib txwm ntxiv nyuab membrane qauv tshaj uas ntawm ib-celled. Thiab yog dab tsi feem ntau ntawm cov ntshav membrane ntawm tej hlwb uas yuav txiav txim seb nws puas yuav raug muab tso rau cov epithelial, connective ntaub so ntswg los excitable.