Qauv ntawm eukaryotic hlwb

Tag nrho cov muaj sia nyob, nyob ntawm seb cov nyob rau ntawm lub noob pob kws yuav tau muab faib ua ob sab: prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes. Ob nqe lus yog muab tau los ntawm cov Greek «karion» - lub noob pob kws.

Cov kab mob uas tsis muaj ib tug nucleus, hu ua prokaryotes - kab mob pre-nuclear nrog nuclear teeb meem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov inclusions. Tus qauv ntawm lub eukaryotic cell yog sib txawv dog dig. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau prokaryotes, eukaryotes muaj ib tug tub ntxhais tau tawm - qhov no yog lawv lub ntsiab sib txawv. Rau prokaryotes xws li cov kab mob, cyanobacteria, Rickettsia thiab lwm yam kab mob. Rau eukaryotes muaj xws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub nceeg vaj Yog ho nphav kiag, nroj tsuag thiab Tsiaj txhu.

Qauv ntawm eukaryotic hlwb sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob uas zoo sib xws nuclear. Lawv lub ntsiab Cheebtsam - lub nucleus thiab cytoplasm, uas ua ke roos ib tug protoplast. Lub cytoplasm yog ib tug semi-kua los luj khoom, los yog raws li nws yog hu ua, hyaloplasm, nyob rau lub cell lug yog - organelles kev khiav hauj lwm ntau zog. Los ntawm sab nraum lub cytoplasm surrounded los ntawm cov ntshav membrane. Nroj tsuag thiab fungal hlwb muaj ib tug ntshav membrane dua li cell txhav plhaub. Lub cytoplasm ntawm cog hlwb thiab fungi muaj vacuoles - npuas uas yog lawm ua tus sau nrog dej nrog ntau yam tshuaj yaj nyob rau ntawd. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub cell yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm spare cov as-ham los yog qhov xaus cov khoom ntawm metabolism. Nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov eukaryotic cell zog vim inclusions uas yog nyob rau hauv lub cell.

Qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm eukaryotic hlwb:

• ntshav membrane - ib tug lipid bilayer nrog cov nqaijrog kos nyob rau hauv nws. Lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov ntshav membrane - cov kev pauv ntawm tshuaj ntawm lub cell nws tus kheej thiab ib puag ncig. Vim cov ntshav membrane yog nqa tawm thiab kev sib cuag ntawm ob uas nyob ib sab hlwb.
• nucleus - lub cell caij muaj dvumembrannuyu plhaub. Main tub ntxhais muaj nuj nqi - lub preservation ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic ntaub ntawv - deoxyribonucleic acid. Los ntawm cov tub ntxhais tswj cellular kev ua si, cov kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic khoom pauv mus rau tus ntxhais lub hlwb.
• mitochondria - cov organelles yog tam sim no xwb nyob rau hauv nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj hlwb. Mitochondria, raws li cov tub ntxhais, muaj ob week ntawm uas muaj internal folds - Kristen. Mitochondria muaj yeej DNA, ribosomes, ib tug plurality ntawm enzymes. Vim cov organelles nqa oxygen ua tsis taus pa theem hlwb (tsim adenosine triphosphate).
• plastids - yog muaj xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug cog ntawm tes, vim hais tias lawv thawj muaj nuj nqi - photosynthesis.
• endoplasmic reticulum (reticulum) - yog ib tug system ntawm flattened cov hnab - tso tsheb hlau luam, voids thiab ducts. Nyob rau endoplasmic reticulum (ntxhib) txheej txheem tseem ceeb organelles - ribosomes. Lub tso tsheb hlau luam yog insulated thiab ripen network cov nqaijrog, uas yog tseem conveyed lub network nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias ntawm tus reticulum thiab lub synthesis ntawm steroid lipid.
• Golgi apparatus - ib tug system ntawm tiaj odnomembrannyh tank thiab npuas uas txuas mus rau lub ncua xaus ntawm lub tank. Muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub Golgi complex - lub tsub zuj zuj thiab transformation ntawm cov nqaijrog thiab lipids. Ntawm no yog tsim secretory hlwv uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob sab nraum lub cell. Qauv ntawm eukaryotic hlwb xws li hais tias lub cell nws muaj nws tus kheej mechanism rau qee ntawm pov tseg tshuaj.
• lysosomes - odnomembrannye hlwv uas muaj hydrolytic enzymes. Tsaug rau cell lysosomes zom puas organelles, hlwb tuag lub cev.
• ribosomes - yog ob hom, tab sis lawv lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi - lub rooj sib txoos uas muaj protein ntau molecules.
• centrioles - ib tug system ntawm microtubules, uas yog tsim los ntawm protein molecules. Vim lub centrioles tsim sab hauv lub cev pob txha ntawm lub cell, nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau nws tas mus li lawm.

Tus qauv ntawm lub eukaryotic cell yog ntau tshaj prokaryotic hlwb. Vim lub xub ntiag ntawm lub nucleus, eukaryotes muaj lub peev xwm mus hloov cov caj ces, li no kom ntseeg tau taub hau ntawm nws hom.