Luis Corvalan: Biography thiab Tsev Neeg

Luis Corvalan (yees duab tom qab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) - ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub Communist tog ntawm Chile. Nws pab txhawb nqa yog tseem ceeb heev rau cov tuaj rau lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv 1970, Salvador Allende, tus thawj raug xaiv Marxist lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub Western Hemisphere. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv Santiago, Lub Xya hli ntuj 21, 2010 nyob rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm 93 xyoo. Lub Communist tog ntawm Chile tshaj tawm nws txoj kev tuag nrog "kuj zoo kawg tu siab heev."

pab pawg phooj ywg Allende

Cov neeg sab nrauv, uas yog qhov loj tshaj plaws communist cov koom haum nyob rau hauv Latin America, tau lub mainstay ntawm sab laug coalition coj los ntawm tus kws kho mob thiab tus thawj coj ntawm lub Socialist Allende. Yog tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm cov Communist nrog nws yeej nyob rau hauv lub thawj tswj kev xaiv tsa ib tug me me paj tau paj nyob rau hauv 1970 yuav tsis yooj yim sua.

Allende, uas nationalized lub Chilean kev lag luam thaum lub sij hawm nws coj noj coj ua ntawm lub teb chaws, tau ua yus tua yus tom qab nws tau overthrown nyob rau hauv ib tug tub rog coup nyob rau hauv 1973, Corvalan, nws nyob ze adviser, khiav tom qab lub coup. Nws tsuas tau tus tub tsim txom, tab sis nws tsis kam mus qhia qhov twg ntawm nws txiv.

Tam sim no rau cov 70th ib

Tom qab ntawd HRC thawj coj tau pom thiab raug muab kaw. Peb lub xyoos nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tsis nyuaj lub slogans: "Txoj kev ywj pheej rau Luis Corvalan!". Thaum kawg, Hlis ntuj nqeg 18, 1976 nyob rau hauv Zurich tshav dav hlau coj nws pauv rau lub Soviet dissident Vladimir Bukovsky.

Brezhnev, uas nws 70th ib tau lom hnub tom ntej, hais rau lub txiaj ntsim no. Lub Chilean yog nws zoo tagnrho ntawm Latin American communist thiab ib tug muaj zog pab pawg phooj ywg ntawm lub USSR.

Corvalan los ntawm cov neeg pluag ib puag ncig. Nws los ua ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau muaj koob Communist nyob rau hauv South America, thaum lub sij hawm peb xyoo lawm ua lub Chilean Communist tog. Nws nruj me ntsis raws li cov neeg sab nrauv kab, ntsia nyob rau hauv Moscow, mus txog cov nyiaj them yug ntawm lub Soviet Union lub ntxeem tau ntawm Czechoslovakia nyob rau hauv 1968 thiab nyob qhov twg rau tib yam kab tau ua nce hu rau ntau dua kev koom tes nrog uas tsis yog-Communist, Luis Corvalan hais tias ideological Maneuvering. "Peb tsis txhob muab tag nrho cov Christian Democrats nyob rau hauv ib lub pob tawb" - nws hais tias thaum lub Congress of Communist tog ntawm Czechoslovakia, xa mus rau lub koom haum uas yog mus rau sab xis ntawm lub Marxist coalition.

critic Allende

Corvalan criticized economic tswj socialist Thawj Tswj Hwm thiab distanced nws tus kheej los ntawm cov fascination ntau pawg nyob rau hauv lub Coalition ntawm armed kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv lub Cuban style. Tsis tau ntshai mus nrhiav conservative nyiaj txiag, nws hais tias qhov kev txiav txim Allende tsa neeg ua hauj lwm 'nyiaj ua hauj lwm tsis muaj ua productivity twb qhov ua rau ntawm nce nqi.

Luis Corvalan muaj ntseeg txaus rau thuam tus thawj tswj hwm tus kheej, hais tias nws mus rau nram tuag thiab pib kom rov hais dua. Allende "tsom tej yam tshwm sim ntawm stagnation," sau journalist Corvalan nyob rau hauv 1997, ntxiv hais tias "tib neeg lub zog loj ntxiv tshaj nws."

Lub breadth ntawm nws views considerably roj thaum nws los txog rau kev txaus siab ntawm cov Communist tog. Tom qab ib tug mus ntsib mus rau Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv 1959, nws qhuas lub teb chaws mus kom ze rau Marxism. Tab sis thaum nyob rau hauv 1961 kev sib raug zoo ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Russia soured Corvalan txim Maoism.

Nws tau raug xaiv los Chile tus Communist tog kev secretary nyob rau hauv 1958 thiab nyob rau no ncej kom txog rau thaum 1990.

Luis Corvalan: biography

Luis Nikolas Korvalan Lepes (nws tom qab poob rau hauv lub xeem tsab ntawv ntawm leej niam lub xeem, ua Lepe) yug Cuaj hlis 14, 1916, nyob rau hauv Pelluko, nyob ze Puerto Montt nyob rau hauv yav qab teb Chile. Nws yog ib yam ntawm rau cov kwv tij thiab cov muam. Nws niam ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug seamstress. Thaum Luis yog 5, nws txiv uas lub tsev neeg. Tus tub kawm nyeem ntawv nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm lwm leej niam, uas nyob tom ntej no lub qhov rooj.

Corvalan tau kawm los ua ib tug xib fwb qhia ntawv nyob rau hauv tus kws qhia ntawv Tome thiab tau txais ib daim ntawv kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1934, tab sis txawm ua ntej lawm, nyob rau hauv 1932, nws pom ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws ntawv thiab cov editor ntawm lub communist ntawv xov xwm "neeg pem hauv ntej", "Xyoo pua" thiab lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv nws kev nthuav qhia ntawm Chile twb tswj neeg thiab ua rau cov neeg.

Lub Communist tog tau raug txwv nyob rau hauv 1947, thiab Luis Corvalan yog nyob rau hauv ib tug concentration camp nyob rau hauv Pisagua. Tom qab lub legalization ntawm lub HRC nyob rau hauv 1958 nws tau raug xaiv los mus rau lub nroog council ntawm Concepción thiab ob zaug Senator Nyuble xeev thiab lub Aconcagua thiab Valparaiso.

Luis Corvalan: Tsev neeg

Lub neej yav tom ntej tus thawj coj ntawm lub Communist tog ntawm Czechoslovakia sib yuav Lily Castillo Riquelme nyob rau hauv 1946 nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Valparaiso. Lawv muaj plaub tug me nyuam: tub Luis Alberto, thiab peb cov ntxhais. Tub tau tuag ntawm koj lub plawv nres nyob rau hauv Bulgaria nyob rau hauv 28 lub xyoos. Nws tus poj niam thiab ob tug ntxhais, Vivian thiab Maria Victoria, ciaj Corvalan.

tseem ceeb pab pawg phooj ywg

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1970, lub Communist tog ntawm Chile muaj txog 50 txhiab. Cov tswv cuab, ua rau nws cov coob ib feem ntawm lub Coalition tom qab lub Allende Socialists. Corvalan tog tau pom raws li ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm tag nrho cov communist rog ntawm South America, nws kawm tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv tsa admired. Thiab nws twb paub nws loj hlob cawv. Los ntawm 70 th xyoo ntawm tus HRC tau lawm 20% ntawm lub pov npav. Nws cov tswv cuab tau tej tseem ceeb tus neeg raws li cov kws sau paj lug Pablo Neruda, cov txawj sau ntawv Francisco Koloane thiab songwriter Victor Jara.

Cuaj kaum, lub zos Communist raug xam tias yog hauj sim, thiab Corvalan boring. "Nws pedantic hais lus, monotonous qub-fashioned costumes thiab cov kaus mom seemed tsis tsim txhawb lub Chilean hluas", - cov ntawv xov xwm "New York Times" nyob rau hauv 1968.

Thiab Corvalan pib hloov nws cov duab. Nws pib hnav kaj ties, ntxhi rau cov koob yees duab thiab npe nrov nrog tus tub Communist nyob rau hauv mini-daim tiab.

Junta

Pinochet lub coup Cuaj hlis 11, 1973 muab xaus rau lub dag zog ntawm lub teb chaws kev sib sau tsoom fwv. Txhiab tus neeg tau raug tua, raug ntes thiab tsim txom. Tom qab lub tsoom fwv ntawm Allende raug ntiab tawm thiab khiav Corvalan, fais fab tub rog nyob rau hauv kev nrhiav kev rau nws, puas tau raug ntes nws tus tub Luis Alberto. Nws twb tsim txom, tab sis nws tseem nyob ntsiag to.

Raws li cov Chilean xovxwm, Corvalan kev tswj kom dim ua tsaug rau nws tus poj niam thiab cov ntxhais.

Nyob rau hauv xaus

Corvalan tab sis tsis ntev twb nrhiav tau thiab imprisoned. Nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj xyoo 1973, nws tiav tau ncua vim muaj ib tug tsiv sib cav tswv yim nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United Nations. Lub Chilean delegate hais tias cov kab lus tseem tsis tau xa. Corvalan tom qab txim ntawm treason.

Nyob rau hauv 1974, ib lub sij hawm thaum nws twb tuav nyob rau hauv lub Chilean tsev rau txim rau Dawson Island nyob rau hauv lub Strait ntawm Magellan, lub Soviet Union muab Corvalan International Lenin sib haum xeeb zog thiab loj scandal, xav tau nws tso tawm nyob rau hauv ntau yam thoob ntiaj teb forums.

exchanged bully

Lub teb chaws As Mes Lis Kas, kuj ua ib qho intermediary, pom zoo rau nws pauv. Mr. Bukovsky, uas tau sau ntaub ntawv qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, Soviet nonconformist xa mus rau hlwb lub tsev kho mob, tau tso tawm los ntawm lub Kremlin thiab tswm nyob rau hauv ces. Luis Corvalan twb tseem tso tawm los ntawm lub dungeons.

Tso, Luis Corvalan, cov me nyuam thiab nws tus poj niam mus rau Moscow thiab pib nyob raws li ib tug high-qeb duas ua hauj lwm. Raws li ib co lus ceeb toom, nws twb yas phais thiab rov qab mus rau Chile incognito nyob rau hauv lub 1980s miv kam mus rau lub tsoom fwv. Raws li cov kws phais neeg, Luis Corvalan ua ntej thiab tom qab yas - yog ob tug sib txawv neeg. Nws thinned qhov ntswg thiab tawv muag daj rho tawm mus.

Corvalan reappeared laj mej pej xeem nyob rau hauv Chile nyob rau hauv 1989, thaum General Augusto Pinochet poob qhov kev xaiv tsa, thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws memoirs rau xyoo, uas tau yeej tsis tau ua kom tiav. Thaum lub sij hawm exile, nws tau collaborated nrog Volodey Teytelboymom thiab lwm yam exiled thawj coj ntawm lub Communist tog ntawm Czechoslovakia los yuav luag tawg lawm cov Communist tog ntawm Chile. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, Corvalan cia siab tias hnyav thuam los ntawm cov Communist Party rau lub tsis ua hauj lwm nrov ntawm tus kev sib sau tsoom fwv. Raws li ib tug neeg sab nrauv functionary, Lenin qhia peb, nws yog tsis txaus yuav ua rau ib tug kiv puag ncig, nws yog tsim nyog los paub yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv nws.

Chilean txoj kev

Don Lucho, raws li lawv hu ua Corvalan lug txhawb cov miv tau ntev advocated lub tiaj txoj kev mus rau socialism los ntawm kev xaiv tsa thiab tsis pub dhau lub moj khaum ntawm cov kevcai tswj. Nws nrog tej teeb meem yog qhov tseeb hais tias nws yuav tsis, tsis pub dhau peb lub xyoos ntawm cov Nrov kev sib sau tsoom fwv txiav txim siab mus nrog ib tug paub tias kev cai txoj kev thiab equip neeg rau zaschischity Communist conquest. Tab sis raws li nws ib zaug colorfully muab nws, lem tsis hloov nees. Koj muaj peev xwm tsis mam li nco dheev mus los ntawm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cov kevcai tswj rau cov tub nriaj, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv 1973, hais tias muaj ntau sab laug. Luis Corvalan yog tseem ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob ntawm Chile lub teb chaws tsoom fwv tsuas kawm tau ntawv zoo thaum nws yuav tau txais kev pab los ntawm lub meej feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem, tus txheem qab "hnyav hloov". Thiab nws yog nyiam ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg xaiv tsa rau cov ntseeg-kev ywj pheej kev ntseeg. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nws yog tsis yooj yim sua.

cog lus sib sau

Lub Communist tog ntawm Chile raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ib tug split, raws li nyob rau hauv lub Pinochet dictatorship tau yuav ib feem ntawm nws underground, thiab cov kev tswj yog nyob rau hauv exile. Tom qab ntau npaum li cas tsom xam thiab nrog thuam nyob rau hauv 1980, cov neeg sab nrauv coj los Corvalan launched ib txoj cai ntawm "loj nrov uprising." Nyob rau hauv ib qho los mus rhuav lub Junta ncaav ua ntawm kev ua phem, raids nyob rau hauv lub tsev txhab nyiaj thiab fais fab tuag. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1983, twb tsim los ntawm cov tub tis ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv, tus Patriotic Pem hauv ntej Manuel Rodriguez, uas nyob rau hauv 1986 ua ib tug hai sim rau Pinochet. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tsib ntawm nws bodyguards raug tua. Txiav txim siab nqis thawj coj HRC yog tias nws tog, tab sis yog ntau npaum li cas tsis muaj zog txaus los ntawm coup, tseem united.

Luis Corvalan sau ob peb phau ntawv, xws li "Tus tsoom fwv ntawm El Salvador Allende", "Communist thiab kev cai ywj pheej" thiab memoirs.