Major mineral kev pab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no

Mineral kev pab yog hu ua tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm cov zaub mov uas siv los ntawm noob neej rau lawv xav tau kev pab. Hydrocarbons, tshuaj raw cov ntaub ntawv, hlau, precious pob zeb, siv cov ntaub ntawv - uas neeg muab rho tawm los ntawm cov bowels ntawm cov ntiaj chaw. Mineral kev pab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog kwv yees li trillions ntawm tons, tab sis lawv tsis unlimited. Lawv muaj kuab siv - tus yuam sij rau yav tom ntej kev vam meej ntawm peb cov kev vam meej.

kev faib

Mineral raw cov ntaub ntawv raug muab faib ua tsib kawm:

• Co los ntawm hlau thiab ferroalloys.
• Nonferrous hlau.
• Zoo zoo nkauj tshooj.
• Muaj minerals.
• Mineral roj.

Thiab mineral kev pab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no raug muab faib ua conditionally txuas ntxiv dua mus thiab uas tsis yog-txuas ntxiv dua mus. Cov thawj pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li cov ntsiab ntawm cov lom keeb kwm: .. Roj, thee, methane, etc. Rau lawv tsim yuav tsum tau kev tej yam kev mob thiab rau lab xyoo. Nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov hlau thiab minerals (lawv yuav mus rau lub thib ob pab pawg neeg) irreversibly lawv ntim tau tsawg.

Geography Mineral Resources ntawm lub ntiaj teb

Mineral Nyoos ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov cheeb tsam yog faib heev unevenly thiab yog vim lub geological qauv ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Hydrocarbons yuav tau sedimentary cover ntawm ancient continents. Maximum volume yuav siv sij hawm thee (60%), tiam sis, nws siv niaj hnub no yog txwv los ntawm kev siv technology tshiab thiab ib puag ncig yam tseem ceeb. Lossis loj reserves ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv yog tshawb nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov continents, tiam sis feem ntau ntawm cov thee-kev coj tus kheej basins yog tsis tsim. Loj deposits yog kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, Russia, Tuam Tshoj, teb chaws Australia, Is Nrias teb, lub teb chaws Yelemees, Ukraine thiab Kazakhstan.

Roj thiab cov nkev mineral kev pab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua li tsuas yog 27% ntawm tag nrho cov, tab sis, nrog lawv cov kev pab, ua 57% ntawm tag nrho cov zog. Haib roj thiab cov nkev teb raug tsim nyob rau hauv Venezuela, Russia (lub Volga cheeb tsam, Western Siberia), United States (Texas thiab Mississippi phiab), Nigeria, Canada, lub Gulf, North Africa, lub Caspian Hiav txwv phiab.

Hlau ores yog feeb meej nyob rau hauv lub ancient chaw ntawm volcanic kev ua si nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm active orogeny. Txawm li cas los, muaj cov roob tsis txhais hais tias lub xub ntiag ntawm nplua nuj deposits. Piv txwv li, ib feem peb ntawm cov teb chaws Europe yog them los ntawm toj siab, txawm li cas los, tseem ceeb tso ntawm hlau ores yog tsis muaj ntau, feem ntau twb tsim thiab tsis muaj nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb. Rau hauv sib piv, lub Kursk magnetic anomaly nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub East European Tiaj, txawm li cas los, cov hlau reserves yog tseem ceeb. Ore formations tawm rau ntau kilometers sib sib zog nqus.

hlau

Mineral kev pab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog manifold, tiam sis feem ntau tseem ceeb ntawm lawv yog hlau. Nws yog ib lub thib coob caij nyob rau hauv lub qab ntuj khwb thiab feem ntau refractory caij. Nws yog Kwv yees hais tias lub ntiaj teb muaj hlau nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 5% ntawm cov qhov nyhav. Hlau ore yog lub hauv paus rau zus tau tej cov hlau thiab hlau, ntau yam khoom siv nyob rau hauv tsheb, ua liaj ua teb cov cav tov, telecommunication khoom, riam phom, cov txuas hniav, dams, ntau thiab cov zoo li. D.

Txawm tias hlau yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov ntsiab rau lub ntiaj teb, tus nqi-zoo kev loj hlob ntawm deposits yog faib unevenly. Nws muaj nplua nuj reserves ntawm lub tebchaws United States, Brazil, Is Nrias teb, Tuam Tshoj thiab Canada. Ib txhia loj deposits nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan, Sweden, Ukraine, Fabkis, Venezuela, Peru, Chile, Australia, Liberia, South Africa, Malaysia, North Africa. Nyob rau hauv Russia muaj txaus reserves ntawm no zoo ore rau nws kev khwv nyiaj txiag thiab rau export. Loj deposits yog feeb meej nyob rau hauv Magnitogorsk thiab lwm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub Urals, lub Kola ceg av qab teb thiab cov nyob sib ze koom pheej ntawm Karelia, nyob rau hauv lub KMA cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv Siberia.

Tsis-ferrous co

Mineral kev pab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog kawm tau zoo txaus. Satellite imagery thiab niaj hnub drilling hom kev kawm tau tso cai los txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm concentration ntawm uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau ores.

Ib qho tseem ceeb lub caij yog tooj liab. Qhov no zas hlau nrog heev thermal thiab hluav taws xob conductivity. Ntshiab tooj liab yog mos mos thiab pliable, tshiab khiv thov nto muaj ib tug reddish-txiv kab ntxwv xim. Nws yog siv raws li ib tug neeg xyuas pib ntawm tshav kub thiab hluav taws xob, lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov kev tivthaiv qhov chaw sib txawv ntawm cov hlau alloys. Tooj yog siv 10 000 xyoo thiab yog tus thawj hlau discoveries ntawm noob neej.

Nws tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm sab kev xeb, yas thiab dawb do xyaw nrog lwm co. Qhov no yog ib tug zoo neeg xyuas pib ntawm hluav taws xob thiab tshav kub. Lub ntsiab tau txais kev pab ntawm tooj liab yog hluav taws xob, muaj txuj ci, lub zog, automotive kev lag luam. 90% ntawm cov reserves ntawm no hlau yog concentrated nyob rau hauv tsib cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb no:

• South Africa.
• Chile.
• Lub thaj ib sab ntawm lub tebchaws United States.
• Kazakhstan.
• Canada (Sudbury cheeb tsam).

Noble (precious) co

Mineral kev pab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no muaj ib tug txawv tus nqi. Lub kim tshaj plaws ntawm co (tsis suav cov uas tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb) yog cov thiaj li hu ua noble platinum, kub, nyiaj. Kub - ib tug tuab, mos mos thiab malleable hlau nrog ib tug kaj daj xim thiab ci. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov yam tsawg kawg reactive tshuaj ntsiab nyob rau hauv cov khoom txheem tej yam kev mob. Yog li ntawd, hlau yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb elemental (natural), nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nuggets los yog Granik nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb, leeg thiab alluvial deposits. Tsawg ntau nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov. Yav tas los, lub ntsiab ntim tau nuggets uas saib rau qhov yooj. Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm cov kub ua nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb factories, uas ua rau lub pob zeb nrog ib tug high school cov ntsiab lus ntawm nqi raw cov ntaub ntawv.

Tuam Tshoj, teb chaws Australia, USA, South Africa yog qhov loj tshaj plaws kub tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Ib tug kuv ntawm Witwatersrand - tus ua kub tsuas chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Muaj kuj yog ib tug loj lawm tej thaj chaw xws li: Rand Liaj teb Kimberley Livingstone, Cape ntawm Good Hope, Natal, thiab lwm tus neeg. Canada tseem yog ib tug tseem ceeb kub tsim kom muaj. Lavxias teb sab zaub nyob rau hauv lub Ural roob, Baikal thiab Trans-Baikal, lub Lena phiab. Khoom kias Kolyma cheeb tsam ho depleted. Ib tug ntau ntawm kub mined nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States (Alaska, California, lub Rocky Toj siab cheeb tsam), Australia (Kalgoorlie, Yampi, Mount Morgan), Is Nrias teb (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh).

Mineral kev pab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no: lub rooj

Tseem ceeb mineral kev pab yog hais txog 200 hom hlau, hydrocarbons, minerals, engineering thiab lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv. Xav txog lub ntsiab hom ntawm raw cov ntaub thiab lub teb chaws cov thawj coj rau lawv cov khoom:

Tsuas cim yuav tsum tau ua "nrog ib lub qhov muag mus rau lub neej yav tom ntej." Muaj ntau lub teb chaws tau tsim lawv lub teb, ntsib qhov thiaj li hu ua kev pab starvation. Los txhawb qhov kev khwv nyiaj txiag, lawv yog yuam kom export raw cov ntaub ntawv. Meej pem kev siv ntawm natural resources - tus yuam sij rau long-term txoj kev vam meej.