Mark Avrely: A Biography thiab reflections

Daim duab - tus kav, philosopher - txawj xav. Yog hais tias tsuas xav thiab tsis ua raws li, ces tsis muaj dab tsi zoo yog tsis tau tiav. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, philosopher yuav ua mob rau kev ua hauj lwm nom ua tswv, distracting nws los ntawm txoj kev paub ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv no hwm, rau tag nrho cov Roman rulers ntawm Mark Avrely yog ib qho kev zam. Nws nyob ib tug coj lub neej. Ib tug yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm txhua leej txhua, thiab lwm yam tseem ib tug paub tsis meej txog thaum nws tuag.

thaum yau

Mark Avrely, uas nws biography yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, tau yug los rau ib tug muaj nyiaj Roman tsev neeg nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 121. Tus tub tus txiv tuag thaum ntxov, thiab nws upbringing twb koom yawg, Annius tiag, leej twg tau ob zaug tau mus xyuas tus ncej ntawm nplij siab thiab yog nyob rau hauv cov lus zoo nrog rau cov huab tais Hadrian, uas muaj nrog nws yam.

Hluas Aurelius tau txais tsev kawm ntawv. Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam mus kawm Stoic philosophy. Nws yog ib tug supporter txog nws rau lub neej. Tsis ntev extraordinary zoo nyob rau hauv kev kawm tus tub pom nws tus kheej Antoniy Py (lub reigning tus huab tais). Thaum tos kev nws ntxhov tuag, nws saws kos thiab pib npaj nws cov hauj lwm nyob rau huab tais. Txawm li cas los, Antonin nyob ntev npaum li cas tshaj qhov kuv xav. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 161.

Ascent rau lub zwm txwv

Mark Avrely tsis xav txog muab cov imperial hwj chim cas tshwj xeeb thiab cov raws taw tes rau ntawm nws lub neej. Nws tau nce mus rau lub rooj huas tias thiab lwm saws tus tub Antony, Lucius tiag, tab sis nws yog tej nuj nqis xaiv yaam txuj ci los yog cov pej xeem paj hlwb (tuag nyob rau hauv 169 xyoo). Thaum Aurelius coj lub reins nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes, cov teeb meem pib nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj, cov Parthians invaded Syria thiab yuav Armenia. Marc hloov ntxiv legions. Tab sis lub yeej tshaj qhov Parthians txom nyem plague phaum mob uas pib nyob rau hauv Mesopotamia thiab kis tshaj lub teb chaws Ottoman. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau Danube ciam teb twb rov nyaum Slavic thiab Germanic pab pawg neeg. Marc tsis muaj txaus cov tub rog, thiab yuav tsum tau muab ntaus nyob rau hauv lub Roman pab tub rog ntawm gladiators. Nyob rau hauv 172, cov Iyi revolted. Rebellion twb suppressed los ntawm ib tug tej commander Cassius Abida, tshaj tawm hais tias nws tus kheej huab tais. Mark Avrely tawm tsam nws, tab sis ua ntej lub sib ntaus sib tua yeej tsis coj qhov chaw. Cassius tua tus conspirators, thiab qhov tseeb huab tais mus tsev.

xav

Rov qab mus rau Rome, Mark Avrely ib zaug dua yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv lub teb chaws tiv thaiv lub Danubian pab pawg neeg quads, Marcomanni thiab lawv cov phoojywg. Tom qab thiaj hem thawj tus huab tais poob mob (raws li ib tug version - ib plab rwj, nyob rau lwm yam - tus kab mob plague). Tom qab ib pliag, nws tuag nyob rau hauv Vindobona. Ntawm nws cov yam thawj tau nyob rau ntawm thawj nplooj ntawm uas sau ntawv "Mark Avrely. Reflections. " Cov ntaub ntawv yog cov huab tais coj mus rau lawv cov campaigns. lawv yuav tsum tau tom qab luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub title "ib leeg nrog koj" thiab "Mus rau koj tus kheej." Nyob rau qhov no hauv paus, peb yuav xav hais tias cov ntawv sau yog tsis npaj rau cov ntawv qhia, vim hais tias cov neeg sau tiag tiag Appeals rau nws, indulging nyob rau hauv Library reflections thiab muab tag nrho txoj kev ywj pheej rau hauv lub siab. Tab sis cia nws tsis peculiar philosophizing. Tag nrho cov huab tais txoj kev xav kov lub neej tiag tiag.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm philosophical ua hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv "Reflections" Mark Avrely teev tag nrho cov zoo uas nws tau raug qhia rau cov xib fwb thiab hais tias nws twb muab pog koob yawg koob. Nws kuj ua tsaug lub gods (txoj hmoo ntawm) rau nws disdain rau wealth thiab khoom kim heev, cawv thiab ib lub siab xav rau kev ncaj ncees. Thiab tsis tau nws txaus siab heev hais tias, "hoping ua philosophy, kuv tsis tau mus rau ib yam ntawm cov sophist thiab zaum nrog lub sau ntawv ntawm suab ntawm syllogisms, thaum uas tig mus siv extraterrestrial phenomena" (nyob rau hauv lub xeem kab lus hais txog qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm yam uas koj nyiam fortune-qhia, Horoscopes thiab lwm yam superstitions thiaj li nrov thaum lub sij hawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws degradation).

Mark yog zoo paub hais tias cov kev txawj ntse ntawm tus pas ntsuas yog tsis nyob rau hauv cov lus, tab sis saum toj no tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv tej kev ua. Nws sau tau nws tus kheej:

• "Ua hauj lwm nyuaj thiab tsis txhob yws yws. Thiab tsis rau koj txoj kev khuv leej thiab koj zog ua hauj lwm xav tsis thoob. Xav ib: so thiab txav mus thiaj li yuav pom tau tias ib tug tsim nyog pej xeem lub siab. "
• "Tus txiv neej yog kev lom zem ua ib yam dab tsi uas yog peculiar rau nws. Ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm nws contemplation ntawm xwm thiab ua siab zoo rau cov khub tribesmen. "
• "Yog hais tias ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm qhia cov incorrectness ntawm kuv ua, kuv yuav tsum mloog nrog Library thiab ua nws txoj cai. Kuv tab tom nrhiav rau qhov tseeb, uas ua rau tsis muaj mob; ua phem rau koj tus kheej tsuas yog ib qho uas yog nyob rau hauv ignorance thiab falsehood. "

xaus

Mark Avrely, uas nws biography yog piav saum toj no, yog tiag tiag ib tug ntse heev: yog ib tug muaj koob tub rog tus thawj coj thiab statesman, nws tseem yog ib tug philosopher, los qhia txoj kev txawj ntse thiab siab txawj ntse. Peb yuav tsuas khuv xim hais tias cov neeg zoo li nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yuav raug suav rau ib txhais tes: ib zog ua neeg siab phem, lwm leej lwm tus - corrupts, peb - puv rau hauv conformists, plaub xa mus rau nws raws li ib tug txhais tau tias kom los siav lawv lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau fifths ua mloog lus cuab tam nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws hostile ob txhais tes ... Ua tsaug rau tus caum qab ntawm qhov tseeb thiab mob siab rau kev philosophy, Mark kov yeej raug kev sim siab ntawm lub hwj chim tsis muaj dag zog. Ob peb rulers twb tau kom to taub thiab to taub txog tus lub tswv yim qhia los ntawm lawv: "Cov neeg nyob rau txhua lwm yam." Nyob rau hauv nws philosophical ua hauj lwm nws seemed nyob rau txhua yam ntawm peb: "Xav txog tej yam uas koj tuag, nyob xwb kom deb li deb. Cov sij hawm uas tshuav yog muab rau koj nyob rau hauv excess ntawm kev ntshaw, nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov xwm thiab zej zog. "