Me cev nyob rau hauv lub cell cytoplasm. Lub npe, hom thiab lo lus uas peb

Niaj hnub no peb mam li kawm ua li cas hu ua me me lub cev tsis pub dhau lub cell cytoplasm. Peb kuj muaj koj mus rau ntsiab lawv lub hom phiaj thiab cov hom. Yog li ntawd, me me heev nyuj, pom nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm hlwb, hu ua plastids. Lawv muaj ib qhov chaw ntawm lub cell. Plastids yog qho tseem ceeb heev, lawv lub luag hauj lwm yog tsis muaj tsis tseem ceeb tshaj lwm yam cell organelles.

Nrog kev xav txog cov cell, nws yog ib tug yam ntxwv chav tsev ntawm tag nrho cov uas nyob ib ncig peb. Tag nrho cov nyob yam, thiab tus txiv neej nws tus kheej - ib tug "designer" tsim cov hlwb. Lawv yog cov heev me me, nrog cov liab qab qhov muag lawv xav tsis yooj yim sua. Tus thawj acquaintance nrog lub cell thiab nws cov organelles tshwm sim tseem nyob rau hauv high school, thaum me nyuam kawm ntawv raug caw rau cov thawj lub sij hawm mus ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob. Yog li ntawd, peb mus rau peb lub ntsiab kev kawm.

plastids

Peb twb hais tias nyob rau hauv phau tias lub me me lub cev nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm lub hlwb, lub plastids nws. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb heev organelles ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm tes. Lawv muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv autotrophic nroj tsuag. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hais tias plastids yog:

• DNA;
• RNA;
• qauv rau cov protein ntau synthesis.

Raws li cov foregoing, peb yuav paub qhov txawv cov yooj yim muaj nuj nqi ntawm plastids. Twv, ib tug synthesis ntawm cov organic tshuaj. Nrog kev xav txog cov hom yog cov nram qab no:

• chloroplasts;
• chromoplasts;
• leucoplasts;
• chromatophores (algae).

Lawv tag nrho cov muaj ib tug txawv hom phiaj thiab xim, raws li txhua daim ntawv nws muaj nws tus kheej tej xim. Wb kho thiab ua ib tug luv luv xaus: me me lub cev nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm lub cell - plastids. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj ib tug complex qauv thiab muab faib ua plaub chav kawm (nyob rau hauv cov xim thiab muaj nuj nqi). Lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm txhua hom - ib tug synthesis ntawm cov organic tshuaj.

chloroplasts

Ntsuab me me lub cev nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm hlwb - nws chloroplasts. Lawv xim nyob rau hauv lub chlorophyll, cov xim tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub plastid. Lwm yog hu ua ib tug carotenoid xim muaj ib tug txiv kab ntxwv xim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau koj nco ntsoov qhov tseeb hais tias lawv qhov ntev yog heev me me, nyob rau hauv no lub hauv paus, chloroplasts nyob rau hauv lub cell daim ntawv yuav tsum tau ntau tshaj nees nkaum. Peb qhia hais tias lub algae muaj plastids hu ua chromatophores, thiab yog li ntawd, lawv yog distinguished los ntawm lawv cov loj loj, lawv yog nyob rau hauv ib lub tawb yuav ua tau tsuas 2.

Ntawm no yog peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm chloroplasts, uas muaj nyob rau hauv nqa tawm photosynthesis.

chromoplasts

Yog li ntawd, me me heev nyuj, pom nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm hlwb, hu ua plastids. Peb tau pom tias lub ntsiab hom tam sim no muaj ib tug nyuag saib chromoplasts. Lawv yuav ua tau ntawm ob peb xim:

• daj;
• txiv kab ntxwv;
• liab.

Peb yuav nrhiav tau lawv tsis tau tsuas nyob rau hauv cov nplooj, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo los yog petals. Chromoplasts qauv yog tsis sib txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov lwm plastids. Lub matrix comprises ib protein puag, DNA thiab pigments.

Lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi - yog attracting cov xim ntawm cov kab thiab cov tsiaj uas noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv hmab txiv ntoo chromoplasts zas xim thiab paj nyob kaj lug xim.

leucoplasts

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog hais tias cov plastids yuav hloov los ntawm ib daim ntawv mus rau lwm lub. Yog li ntawd, leucoplast - ib yam ntawm cov txwv zeej txwv koob chloroplasts. Muaj tseeb peb txhua tus muaj nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv tsev. Yog hais tias lawv muaj cov neeg pluag teeb pom kev zoo, lub nplooj yog xim daj ntseg daj. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub hlwb ntawm cov nroj tsuag tam sim no leucoplasts. Yog hais tias koj muab tso rau cov nroj tsuag mus rau hauv lub teeb, ces leucoplasts hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv chloroplasts, ces cov nroj tsuag yuav ua nplua nuj ntsuab xim.