Minerals ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Komi: sandstone, quartzite, txhuas ore, thee-kev coj tus kheej deposits, ntuj pob zeb ntaub ntawv

Komi koom pheej - kev kawm ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Federation, ntawm lub North-West Federal District.

lus qhia dav dav

Lub cheeb tsam yog nyob rau hauv cov European ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv cov huab sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj, sab hnub poob ntawm lub Urals. Koom pheej Square yog 416 800 sq.km. Coob lub zos - Syktyvkar - lub peev ntawm cov koom pheej, Vorkuta, Sosnogorsk, Inta, Ukhta, Vuktyl, thiab Pechora Usinsk. Komi koom pheej ciam teb rau lwm rau lub Yamalo-Nenets, Nenets thiab Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area, Arkhangelsk, Kirov thiab Sverdlovsk cheeb tsam thiab cov Perm cheeb tsam.

72% ntawm cov chaw uas zoo heev nyob los ntawm cov forests ntawm thaj av ntawd. Nrog rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm ciam teb ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Komi ncab Ural Toj siab. Tus so ntawm cov kev kawm - nws swamps, tundra thiab olenmi pastures thiab hav zoov tundra. Muaj ob yam loj ntws: Vychegda thiab Pechora. Lub Komi koom pheej yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv sib sib zog nqus pas dej.

Lub Komi koom pheej yog nyob rau hauv lub kub tsis txias thiab subarctic kev nyab xeeb aav, thiaj li muaj ib tug ntev, txias winters thiab summers, rau lwm cov tes, yog qhov chaw txias thiab luv luv. Feem ntau muaj cov ceev hloov nyob rau hauv kub thiab atmospheric siab, cyclones, hnyav dej nag.

Cov kev kawm yog inhabited los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm 130 nationalities! 65% ntawm lawv - lub Lavxias teb sab. Nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw SAWV CEV Komi neeg, lawv 24%. Nws tseem yog lub tsev mus rau Belarusians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Komis Izhma, Chuvash, Mari, Bashkir, Mordovian, Udmurt, Nenets, Komi-Permian, thiab lwm tus neeg.

zaj dabneeg

Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub XV caug xyoo, lub chaw uas zoo heev yog ib feem ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Novgorod, thiab ces tsiv mus rau lub Moscow State. Li no, ua ntej exported furs, thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua nyob ze ntawm lub Ukhta dej pib rau extract roj. Vim qhov hnyav kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog ib tug me ntsis inhabitants.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 30-ies ntawm XX xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub Komi koom pheej sab thee, tab sis nws pib tau nyob rau hauv lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Nyob rau hauv cov tib xyoo rau lub export ntawm cov ntoo, railway ua tau roj thiab thee.

Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv lub 90s ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua tuaj teebmeem nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm cov koom pheej.

natural resources

Minerals Komi koom pheej ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm rau lub teb chaws. Lub cheeb tsam yog ib tug loj thee phiab, roj thiab cov nkev xeev thiab dej da ntawm cov roj shale - cov koom pheej yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lub zog pab.

Cov kev kawm ntawm cov loj stocks ntawm roj roj thiab roj shale, peat, ferrous thiab uas tsis yog-ferrous co, tsis tshua muaj, ua li khiav ri thiab tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb co, zoo zoo nkauj tshooj thiab diamonds. Common titanium, manganese, chromite ore thiab txhuas.

Nonmetallic mineral kev pab ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Komi yuav siv tau raws li tsuas tshuaj, tsuas, piezooptic thiab quartz cov ntaub ntawv. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv rau metallurgy, hniav nyiaj hniav kub, gemstone thiab cov mineral siv cov ntaub ntawv.

heev tom hav zoov kev lag luam loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm forests yog 38,9 lab hectares. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Komi koom pheej ib tug ntau ntawm cov mineral, tshiab thiab muaj av.

txha fuels

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tej yam ntuj tso kev pab ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Komi yog cov pob txha fuels. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws yog tsim nyog los faib thee-kev coj tus kheej deposits. Feem coob ntawm lawv cov concentrated nyob rau hauv lub Pechora thee phiab. Ntawm no, 213 billion tons ntawm thee reserves, uas explored tag nrho 9 billion.

Nyob rau hauv lub Nenets Autonomous Okrug thiab cov Komi koom pheej yog nyob Timan-Pechora Phiab, 60% ntawm cov uas yog crude roj kev pab. Nws geological kev pab - 4 billion tons. Muaj kuj yuav luag 3 trillion cu m ³ ntawm hydrocarbon gases.

Thaum Timan, nyob ze ntawm lub zos ntawm Nyamed nyob rau hauv Izhmy phiab yog tus muaj teb asphaltites - khoom natural bitumen. Cov khoom no yog muaj zog supergene hloov nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov roj. Asphaltites noog nyob roj outputs ib tug reservoir deposits. Timan deposit yog pom tias yuav tau ib yam ntawm cov richest nyob rau hauv Russia.

Peat - ib tug sedimentary pob zeb tsim los ntawm tsub zuj zuj ntawm undecomposed nyob rau hauv cov hav iav txog rau thaum xaus ntawm qoob loo seem. Peat bogs yog ntau tshaj 10% ntawm tag nrho ib ncig ntawm lub koom pheej, vim hais tias no loj reserves ntawm peat - txog 1 billion tons.

Deposit ntawm cov roj shale - plaub pas: Bolshezemelskaya, Izhma, Yarengsky thiab Sysolskiy. Roj shale yog ib tug sedimentary minerals uas muaj mineral thiab organic tshuaj (silicon, av nplaum, thiab lwm yam) feem.

Mining thiab tshuaj raw cov ntaub ntawv

Minerals ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Komi uas hais, thiab lub tsuas thiab tshuaj raw cov ntaub ntawv. Cov no muaj xws, piv txwv li, phosphates. Lawv yog tsim rau lub Pai-Khoi, lub Ncov qaumteb qabteb Urals, Timan, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv cov pas dej da thiab Vym Sysola dej ntws.

Puas tau txij lub XII xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam tsim ntsev ntau lawm. Muaj reserves ntawm cov pob zeb thiab poov tshuaj ntsev yog nyob ze ntawm lub zos ntawm Seregovo thiab mus txog rau 2.7 billion tons. Txhua txhua xyoo nws twb mined los txog 6000 tons ntawm siav ntsev.

Nyob rau hauv lub Komi koom pheej, ob deposits ntawm barite - Ntuj barium sulphate. Hoylinskogo reserves ntawm lub teb nqi rau yuav luag 40 lab tonnes, nws yog nyob ze ntawm lub zos ntawm Vorkuta. Palninskoe teb muaj ib tug me me reserves - nyob ib ncig ntawm 17 lab tons.

Nyob rau hauv tus dej North Keltma dej nyob rau hauv South Timan pom me me tso ntawm haiv neeg sulfur.

Mining thiab muaj raw cov ntaub ntawv

Nyob rau hauv Ural-Zemlya xeev paub loj deposits fluorite - calcium fluoride, ib pob tshab los yog translucent pob zeb iav ci thiab varied xim. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub explored deposits - Amderminsk tshuav nws muaj nqi rau ntau tshaj li 1.5 million tons.

Deposits ntawm pob zeb siv lead ua nyob rau hauv lub roob ntawm Ncov qaumteb qabteb Urals nyob sab nyob rau hauv 1927. Raws li piezooptic raw cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua pib tsim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1930s. Nyob rau sab qaum teb Timan nyob rau hauv tonsils agate pom me me muaju siv lead ua.

Ntuj pob zeb ntaub ntawv

Lub cheeb tsam pom tej yam ntuj tso pob zeb ntaub ntawv xws li limestone thiab dolomite - carbonates ntawm magnesium thiab calcium. Qhov loj tshaj plaws tsim teb yog Belgopskoe. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Ukhta cheeb tsam, nws reserves npaum li cas los ntau tshaj li 15 lab m ^3.

Gypsum - ntuj pob zeb khoom, ib tug ntxhia los ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm sulfates - yog ua nyob rau hauv ob teb. Nyob rau Ust'Tsilma nws reserves yog 70 lab tons, nyob rau Izhemsky - tshaj 150 lab tons.

Lub Komi koom pheej yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv sandstones, quartzites thiab crystalline pob zeb. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub Middle Pechora muaj troops deposit uas muaj loj reserves ntawm quartz iav sands.

semiprecious raw cov ntaub ntawv

Lwm pab pawg neeg ntawm cov zaub mov ntawm cov koom pheej - nws yog txiav thiab polishing pob zeb. Cov no muaj xws, piv txwv li, rubies, prehnite, quartz, amber thiab grenades. Nyob rau Ncov qaumteb qabteb Ural tshwm sim yuvelirnye silica tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub Ncov qaumteb qabteb Ural - rubies thiab cov North Timan - prehnite, txhuas silicates, thiab calcium.

Rau ornamental pob zeb muaj xws li marble, agate, jade, serpentinite, jade thiab jasper. Thaum Timan thiab Ncov qaumteb qabteb Urals tshawb reserves ntawm agates nyob rau Pai-Khoi - Jasper. Lub Ncov qaumteb qabteb thiab Ncov qaumteb qabteb Urals yuav nrhiav tau marble pob zeb: gray - nyob ze ntawm lub railway Seida-Labytnangi, daj thiab gray - nyob rau hauv sab qab teb Timan thiab nyob ze ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb Halmer-U. Txoj kev ua ntawm serpentinite yog pom nyob rau hauv lub basins ntawm lub Great zib suab thaj Vangyr thiab Kosyu nyob rau hauv lub Ncov qaumteb qabteb Urals, thiab deposits ntawm jade thiab jade pom nyob rau hauv lub Ncov qaumteb qabteb Urals.

Pab Komi koom pheej kev pab yog hais nyob rau hauv diamonds. Ntawm no lawv muaj nyob rau hauv Devonian thiab paleorossypyah, yam tsawg kawg - nyob rau hauv lub North thiab Middle Timan niaj hnub placers, tsis tshua muaj finds sab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb Urals.

Ore minerals

Lub cheeb tsam muaj loj tso ntawm titanium ore, hais txog 30% ntawm tag nrho cov stocks ntawm lub CIS lub teb chaws. Qhov tseem tshawb deposits - yog Yaregskoye. Txheem leucoxene no yog 20-30%.

Nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Komi ntau txhuas ore. Feem ntau cov bauxite xeev twb qhib nyob rau hauv lub Middle thiab South Timan nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ob peb xyoos.

Kub ore feem ntau raws li nrog lub Ncov qaumteb qabteb thiab Ncov qaumteb qabteb Urals, raws li zoo raws li lub Timan. Cov feem nthuav pom tau hais tias muaj Placer kub nyob rau hauv lub Timan headwater Tsilma, Nivshery thiab Tansy thiab Kozhym phiab.

xaus

Lub Komi koom pheej yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov roj, roj thiab thee. Vim qhov ntim ntawm cov pob txha fuels yuav hu ua hauv lub cheeb tsam lub ntsiab roj hauv paus ntawm lub North European ib feem ntawm Russia. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov kev kawm ntawm concentrated hav zoov thiab dej cov kev pab.