"Nag xob nag cua" (MRL). Lavxias teb sab MLRS 9K57 "Nag xob nag cua"

Missile riam phom txij thaum lub Soviet lub sij hawm, thiab tam sim no nyob rau hauv Russia tseem yuav ib tug loj trump card, tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv armed teeb meem, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb kev sib khom lus.

Txawm li cas los, ua ntej no los ncaw. Qhov uas nws yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub hnub affairs ntawm cov tub rog system ntawm reactive pov hluav taws. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau yog cov "Nag xob nag cua". MLRS yog thoob plaws nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, nws yog pheej yig heev los tsim. Muab nws cov ntseeg thiab simplicity, nws yuav tsis ceeb cov niaj hnub nyiam modernize lub Armed Forces ntawm lub complex, uas nws keeb kwm hnub rov qab mus rau lub 60s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo!

Keeb kwm ntawm creation

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias tag nrho cov domestic kev loj hlob ntawm no hom muaj ib tug pog los yog yawg - MRL "Katyusha". Nyob rau hauv ib qhov no yog muaj tseeb, tab sis peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov niaj hnub ntau yam foob pob ua ntxaij launchers yog radically txawv los ntawm lub legendary complex.

Piv txwv li, raws li ib daim ntawv qhia domestic designers tau ntev uas rail system: nws yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav raws li cov trajectory ntawm lub projectile yog tau kev lom zem ntau arbitrary, thiab ib lub caij nyoog los them convergence yog heev siab heev.

Thiab vim hais tias qhov no txwv zeej txwv koob MRL 9k57 "Nag xob nag cua" yuav tsum raug xam tias yog li qhov chaw M-21B, uas tau raug muab tso rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv ib tug nyob deb 1963 xyoo.

Dua li ntawm qhov dlej nta ntawm no MLRS, cov tub rog tsis yog txaus siab rau nws. Uas yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv 1963 nyob rau hauv Tula nkag mus hauv lub xeev tiv thaiv kev txiav txim rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug pheej tshiab qauv, nyob rau hauv uas muaj tsis muaj tsis M-21B. Rau cov neeg ua tub rog ntaus nqi qhov kuj tsis tshua muaj yooj, thiab lethality ntawm nws cov neeg ua hauj lwm projectile yog unsatisfactory. Noj rau hauv tus account lub zaj lus qhia lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, peb cov tub rog twb zoo to taub hais tias cov yeeb ncuab armored txhua ntshaw kom "zom" ua ntej ntawm lub sij hawm, thiab yog li ntawd ntxiv uas yuav tsum tau uas siv rau cov tshiab txoj kev loj hlob yog ib tug zoo txiav txim txawm nyob rau maj mam armored lub hom phaj.

Nrhiav ntej, peb nco ntsoov tias 9k57 MLRS "Uragan" copes nrog no ua hauj lwm.

sketches

Los ntawm 1963 mus 1964, cov kws txawj Tula CDB koom nyob rau hauv ib tug kev tshawb nrhiav txog lawv cov hauj lwm. Cov ntsiab teeb meem, uas ces sawv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv yog lub tsev lag luam ntawm MRL, uas yuav ua rau nws tau ntaus ib tug cus ciav thiab motorized hwj chim ntawm tus yeeb ncuab ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 40 kis lus mev.

Cov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb thiab ua project "Nag xob nag cua" yuav muaj nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1964. MLRS hom assumed yeej ntawm tus yeeb ncuab ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 35 kis lus mev. Nws zoo dua yog tus maneuverability, uas tso cai rau koj kom sai tsim ib tug pov los ntawm lub kaw txoj hauj lwm thiab mus lawm tsis raug kuaj los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.

Qhov kawg ntawm 1966 - nyob rau hauv Tula pib ua loj-scale kev tshawb fawb ua hauj lwm thaum ntxov nyob rau hauv 1967 nyob rau hauv lub zeem muag ntawm qhov saws me nyuam ntawm ib tug tshiab system mus rau kev pab. Nws tshwm sim yog ib tug tag nrho-txhais tswvyim ntawm tus complex muaj xws li tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog hais txog tus yam ntxwv ntawm neeg zoo li thiab lawv cov tej yam kev mob ntawm kev siv.

Los ntawm 1970, lub Ministry ntawm kev lag luam tau thov kom ib tug zaum kawg kev kee ntawm tus tshiab MRL 9k57 "Nag xob nag cua". Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias los ntawm lub sij hawm muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm engineers thiab zaum tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug ntawm Tula. Yog li, nyob rau hauv thiab ib ncig ntawm Moscow Central soj ntsuam tsev kho mob ua ib tug kev tshawb no ntawm blasting nqi thiab fuze systems. Kazan kuj tsim expelling xwb projectile nrog ib daig kab hom warhead.

Cov tshwm sim ntawm sij hawm luag kev ntsuam xyuas

Lub uninitiated nyeem ntawv tej zaum yuav xav tsis thoob los ntev npaum li cas nws coj lub Soviet kev lag luam rau cov creation ntawm tsuas yog ib tsab ntawm no hom ntawm technology. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias tias nyob rau hauv hais tias lub sij hawm tsuas yog tsis loj-scale uas nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm zog ua hauj lwm thiab thwmsim uas tau ua nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tsim chaw khaws, nws twb tau ib tug tshwj xeeb system ntawm "Nag xob nag cua." MLRS qhov no yog tseem nyob rau hauv kev siv nyob rau hauv dozens ntawm lub teb chaws nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yuav pab tua tau txawm nyob rau hauv Syria. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub sij hawm uas tau siv rau qhov kev tshawb fawb, lub txiaj ntsim tsis yog raws nraim lawm. Piv txwv li, tib reactive system "Smerch" ntau lub community launch foob pob ua ntxaij yog tsim thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv lub shortest tau lub sij hawm ua tsaug rau lub fact tias cov tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm tag nrho cov suav yog npaj txhij.

Wb rov qab mus rau qhov kev xeem. Nyob rau hauv 1972, lub tsev hais plaub cov kws txawj tau raug nthuav luag tas ib tsab system, uas tau dhau tag nrho cov ntau lawm kev ntsuam xyuas. Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv twb raws li nram no:

• MRL nruab nrog unguided projectiles thiab high-heev hom daig kab uas nqa rau 80 thiab 105 kilograms, ntsig txog, ntawm lub heev.
• BM 9P140 uas tseem txiav txim siab los siv rau tus txheej txheem chassis ZIL-135LM (vim lub complexity thiab tsis muaj kev cua ntsawj ntshab npaj tracked chassis tau tsis kam lees).
• Tshuab kev mus los rau thiab chaw thau khoom 9T452, uas yog muab tso rau hauv lub chassis ntawm cov tib ZIL-135LM.
• Lub complex muaj ntawm cov khoom rau kev kho thiab txij nkawm ntawm cov tshuab.

Hoobkas dokatka coj ib tug ob peb xyoos, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas tam sim no tuaj "Nag xob nag cua". MLRS no nyob rau hauv 1974 muaj txog kev kawm ntawv tib yam ntxwv raws li nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no. Thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv 1976, lub complex tau thaum kawg txais mus rau hauv qhov kev pab.

Ob xyoos robbed tshem tawm ib co me flaws. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no cov kws txawj tau tsim ob peb tshiab thiab pheej hom zoo li.

Yuav ua li cas Cheebtsam yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub tiav lawm complex?

• 9P140 kev sib ntaus los lub tsheb nws tus kheej.
• Tshuab rau them thiab thauj 9T452 zoo li.
• Reactive nqi.
• Khoom uas tsis siv neeg tua hluav taws tswj thiab kho 1V126 "skit-B."
• Nyiaj rau kev kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm ntawm cov neeg ua nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob nyob ze rau qhov sib ntaus sib tua.
• Tshuab txawj ntse 1T12-2M topographic struts.
• Complex rau cov kev taw qhia-nrhiav thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov huab cua puag 1B44.
• Teem rau txij nkawm thiab kho ntawm cov khoom 9F381.

Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab yog duplicated, yog li ntawd txawm puas lawv los yog ua kom tiav disabling ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tua hluav taws tsis yog ib qho chaw khuam siab rau ib tug sib ntaus los lub hom phiaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua manually.

powerplant

Tshuab nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab ua ob V-zoo li tus cav Zil-375YA, txhua ntawm lawv yog 180 l. ib tug. Lub log nyob rau sab yog tsav los ntawm nws cov engine, muaj ib qho kev ywj kis tau tus mob thiab drivetrain. Nyob rau hauv thawj thiab thib plaub axis tswj log yog mounted.

Lub tshuab yog txawm peem rau nrog tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug central log-siab xyuas system, muaj cov tau uas tsis siv neeg paging rau cov mus. Ntxiv rau thiab ceev yam ntxwv yog zoo heev. Nyob rau ib lub sau yuav mus rau txog 600 km, muab ib sab saum toj ceev ntawm 65 km / h. Tshuab dej yooj yim overcomes obstacles rau 1.2 m tob tsis muaj ntxiv txoj kev kawm.

Rau cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv xam thiab cov chaw thau khoom

Nyob rau hauv peacetime, tus Tswv txib xam ntawm plaub tus neeg: tsheb commander, gunner thiab ib tug khub ntawm fighters, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau phau ntawv cob qhia thiab kev txij nkawm. Nyob rau hauv wartime, cov pab pawg neeg muaj zog rau tib neeg, vim muaj ntau ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua manually.

Raws li twb tau hais, haulage thiab chaw thau khoom zoo li no yog ua los nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuab 9T452, uas yuav ua tau rau tib chassis. Txhua tshuab yog tsis tsuas yog 16 missiles, tab sis kuj muaj lawv nrog cov khoom tsis muaj ntxiv cov khoom. Tus txheej txheem yog siab mechanized, nws yuav siv sij hawm tsawg tshaj li 14 feeb. Siv TZM crane uas yuav siv tau los tsa loads mus txog rau 300 kg.

Incidentally, tib siv thiab ntau lub community launch foob pob ua ntxaij system "Grad".

Khoom them cov cav tov

Cov khoom muaj xws li cov heev them tshuab num rau kev thauj mus los ntawm missiles, rammer, crane thiab hoist trolleys. ib daim lub tsev hais plaub, tus qaug dab peg ntawm projectiles nqa tawm los ntawm ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib "claws" rau cov neeg teb xov tooj. Tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm dosylka zoo li, tig tus kais thiab ib feem-lub sij hawm npaj ua tau, tab sis koj muaj peev xwm manually nqa tawm, yog tias tsim nyog.

Rammer nws tus kheej - ib tug tshwj xeeb daim ntawv qhia nrog ib tug voom mechanism, uas cua puag ncig mus rau hauv txoj cai qhov chaw. Nrog ib tug yooj yooj yim thiab zoo mechanism rau kawm tuab si lug lub xov tooj yog relieved ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau manually muab cov phau ntawv no thiab rammer. Tag nrho cov mechanics ua hauj lwm rau hluav taws xob drives thiab generators uas yog tag autonomous, thiab yog li ntawd rau lawv cov ua hauj lwm tsis yuav tsum tau khiav lub ntsiab lub cev muaj zog ntawm lub tshuab.

siv tus neeg zoo li

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias feem ntau ntawm cov sij hawm lub engineers coj deb tsis tau tsim lub chassis, thiab lub creation ntawm tshiab hom zoo li. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lawv tsim ua hauj lwm muaj pov thawj yuav tsis tshua muaj fruitful. Yog li, mus txog rau 90% -established ntaub ntawv uas raug ntse siv nyob rau hauv "Smerch" systems txoj kev loj hlob.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm heev heev thwmsim nws tau tsim yim los yog cuaj loj hom zoo li. Tam sim no, ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj tsis siv raws li lawv tau hloov los ntawm tshiab qauv. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv cov dej num.

Feem ntau yog cov 9M27F projectile nruab nrog ib tug pa high-heev fragmentation warhead. Nws yog universal, npaj rau txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm ob tus yeeb ncuab thiab cov neeg uas armored tsheb. Lub loj ntawm lub nplaum tawg tsuas yog 49 kg thaum lub projectile yuag tag nrho ntawm 180 kg.

Nrog kwv yees li tib yam zaus reactive system "Nag xob nag cua" hom siv nqi 9M27K nruab submunitions tau "hi" nrog ciav ntsiab. Lawv yog cov tsis tshua zoo nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab infantry thiab lub teeb machinery.

Projectile nws tus kheej nyhav txog 271 kg, muaj 30 tseem ceeb. Txhua yam ntawm lawv - nyob rau hauv 350 qhov chaw ciav nrog heev. Txawm nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 100 meters los ntawm cov tawg ntawm lub projectile ntshiv ntoo yooj yim nkaug 2 hli homogeneous zoo steel.

Heev uas zoo sib xws rau no xwb 9M27K1 qauv kuj siv ib daig kab feem nrog ib tug plurality ntawm submunitions. Qhov txawv tsuas yog tias cov nkauj nraug hais (kuj hais txog 30 pieces) thaum ntaus hauv cov av ntxiv dhia nyob rau hauv tenfold ua lesion cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv kev, tib yam yog nruab nrog ib tug ntau yam community launch foob pob ua ntxaij system "Tornado", aka "Tornado."

Lub ntsiab ntawm lub complex thiab tiag tiag txaus siab ntawm cov designers yog ib tug plhaub 9M27K2 tsim rau tej thaj chaw deb installation ntawm anti-tank minefields. Nws yuav siv tus txheej txheem anti-tank mines PTM-1. Nyob rau hauv ib projectile 24 mines. Lawv yog tsim rau ib qho yooj yim installation ntawm tej thaum zuj yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam. Txwm min yog hais tias tom qab 3.4 teev, lawv ua self-destruct, uas ua rau nws tau qhia rau tus nres tus kheej tank feem.

Kwv yees li rau tib lub hom phiaj yog tsim 9M27K3. Qhov txawv yog hais tias nws siv cov PFM-1S mines no yog tsim los ua kom puas yeeb ncuab manpower. Nyob rau hauv ib projectile yog muaj nyob rau hauv 312 landmines. Pov ib lub tshuab npog 60 hectares. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias qhov no yog ib tug heev txaus ntshai ua tsov rog. "Nag xob nag cua" yog tau tej thaj chaw deb installation tag nrho ntawm minefields txoj cai nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tau khwv ib tug ntau ntawm zoo heev xyuas nyob rau hauv Afghanistan.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov demolition ntawm tus yeeb ncuab fortified defensive khoom tsim 9M51 missile. Lub taub hau feem yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug kua nplaum tawg, npaj rau thermobaric tawg. Lub disadvantage ntawm cov qauv no yog tias lub siab tshaj plaws firing ntau tsis pub tshaj 13 km.

Plhaub 9M27C - caws nplaum. Qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim rau loj puas tsuaj yog tsis tsuas cov yeeb ncuab manpower, tab sis kuj yog ib tug nqi ib feem ntawm cov khoom (tsheb nyob rau hauv Hangars, warehouses nrog cov khoom).

Raws li yuav pom, ntau yam community launch foob pob ua ntxaij tshuab (rau ib tug saib xyuas ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) yuav siv tsis tsuas them rau cov entrenched infantry los yog technology nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub ceem tshaj thiab ntev-lub sij hawm cov hom phiaj.

Niaj hnub nimno xaav thiab Modernization ntawm lub

Raws li peb tau hais ntau ntau zaus sau tseg, lub complex nws tus kheej yog lossi tau kho, yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab hom zoo li. Niaj hnub no, ntau lub community launch foob pob ua ntxaij system "Nag xob nag cua" sawv armed nrog txawm cov tub rog ntawm Yemen, tsis hais tag nrho cov yav tas los CIS. Qhov Ministry ntawm kws muaj txuj ci txhua xyoo cog lus rau lub mov thiab cov txij nkawm ntawm cov tshuab thoob plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb no, yog li ntawd cov tsis muaj chaw yog tsis raws nraim hais tias tsis muaj.

Nyob rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm, Ukrainians raug kev txom nyem MRL rau lub chassis ntawm KrAZ-6322.

kev sib ntaus los daim ntawv thov

Nrog rau cov mas ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv Afghanistan yog xam tau tias yog cia li zoo MRL tau pov thawj nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog tej yam kev mob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tau hais ntau ntau zaus siv lub Syrian tub rog rov qab nyob rau hauv lub 1980s thaum heev heev tsis sib haum nrog cov neeg Ixayees. Qhov no system yog pheej siv los ntawm peb cov tub rog tiv thaiv tsis raug cai armed militias nyob rau hauv Chechnya.

Raws li lawv hais rau lawv tus kheej rau cov tub rog, lub sij hawm dhau ntau lub community launch foob pob ua ntxaij system ntawm no hom yog siv zoo thaum lub sij hawm hais tsis zoo tej xwm txheej nyob rau hauv Georgia 2008.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub zeem muag?

Muaj ntau cov kws txawj hais tias cov MLRS "Nag xob nag cua" los ntawm tam sim no dog dig outdated. Yog vim li cas yog qhov tseeb rau xws li ib assertion, uas lub siab tshaj plaws ntau yam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab swb yog tus me me - tsuas yog 35 km. Cov tib "Smerch" twb muab 80-90 kilometers.

Tiam sis ntawm no nws yog tsim nyog los ua ib qho tseem ceeb point. Lub fact tias lub hom phiaj ntawm cov tshuab yog tseem txawv. Tsis yuav tsis meej pem projectiles caliber 200 mm, nrog lawv cov counterparts nyob rau hauv 300 hli. Qhov kawg (rau cov "Cyclone") yog tsis tsuas loj, tab sis kuj ntau cev ntas. Lawv ntev yog ib tug 'meter' los yog li siab tshaj uas ntawm "Nag xob nag cua." Raws li, lub sij hawm rau overcharging thiab kev sib ntaus los txiag yuav tsum tau tshuam ntau.

Tab sis cov "Kub" yog ib qho zoo heev lwm txoj rau tsoos ntev-ntau artillery. Txawm nws tus kheej-propelled howitzers (raws li "MSTA-S") firing hauv 13-30 km, thiab cov nyhuv ntawm lawv zoo li yog npaum li cas weaker. MRL kuj tso cai ib tug tsis tshua luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm los tsim ib tug genuinely tuag system.

Ib lub roj teeb (rau lub tsheb), muaj peev xwm ntawm kev rhuav tseg ob peb armored lub qhov ncauj los yog txawm "noob" cov pua pua ntawm daim av ntawm antitank los yog anti-neeg mines.

Muaj kuj tsis muaj exaggeration hais tias tus txij nkawm ntawm ib tug ntev-ntau versions MLRS kim los ntawm ib qho nyiaj txiag taw tes ntawm view, thiab txoj kev kawm ntawm cov tswv yuav siv sij hawm ntau lub sij hawm.

Tau kho, reactive systems ntawm salvo hluav taws "Nag xob nag cua" tsis tsuas tau tshiab targeting thiab kev taw qhia system nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm zoo nrog lub UAV. Tam sim no, lub Lavxias teb sab armed tub rog muaj xws li ntau thiab ntau unmanned sim saum nruab ntug tsheb, yog li ntawd no tseem yog yeej tsis superfluous.

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, cov tshuab tseem kom ntau lub sij hawm.