Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov - Admiral ntawm lub Fleet. Lavxias teb sab aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov"

Great Lavxias teb sab generals tsim lub hwjchim ci ntsa iab ntawm Lavxias teb sab riam phom rau daim av, huab cua thiab lub hiav txwv. Peter kuv twb npaj lub teb chaws txoj kev loj hlob raws li ib tug maritime hwj chim, tso cov thawj Shipyards thiab attracting txawv teb chaws engineers. Nws tej hauj lwm muaj enabled Russia los yeej ib tug ntau ntawm loj yeej nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv. Ushakov, Nakhimov - qhov no yog tus thawj tub rog hiav txwv commanders, nws lub npe yuav ua tau txaus siab ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, lub successor ntawm lawv yeej yog cov Admiral Kuznetsov, nws lub neej tau raug kev cob cog rua nrog lub naval rog inextricably.

biography

Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm Nicholas Gerasimovitch Kuznetsova, nkoj tswj kev yog tsis muab tam sim ntawd, nws yuav tsum muab tau los ntawm cov nram qab no txoj kev ntawm neeg tsav nkoj. Hais tias yog dab tsi pib meteoric hauj lwm ntawm ib tug tub hluas ntawm lub zos Medvedkov Astrakhan cheeb tsam. Yav tom ntej Admiral Kuznetsov ntaus fleet nyob rau hauv 15 lub xyoos, ntxiv rau nws ob lub xyoos ntawm hnub nyoog, nws tuaj rau lub Civil War. Nyob rau hauv 1919, nws tiv thaiv raws li ib tug neeg tsav nkoj nyob rau hauv lub nkoj Northern Dvina flotilla. Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm lub Naval Academy thiab tom qab lub Academy nrog honors, Kuznetsov xa mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Dub hiav txwv Fleet. Lub cruiser "Liab Ukraine" los ua ib lub tsev kawm tsav nkoj rau nws, uas pib nrog tus ncej tub ceev xwm ntawm lub lawj. Txij li thaum 1933, nws tau los ua tus commander ntawm lub cruiser, tsis pub dhau tsib xyoos tom ntej ntawm kev pab cuam, lub nkoj lom raws li ib tug qauv ntawm cov tub rog kev cob qhia, kev qhuab qhia, kev kawm ntawv shooting. Cov Navy pib tham txog txoj kev Kuznetsova system, uas tau ua rau txoj kev ntawm kev npaj ntawm cov tub rog lub tsev hais plaub nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov fleets ntawm lub USSR. Tus tauj ncov loj ntawm cov thawj qib nyob rau hauv 1935 tau muab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Red Star. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv lub cruiser Kuznetsov tsim tshiab tactics ntawm kev naval tauj, realizes qhov tseem ceeb ntawm huab cua reconnaissance. Nyob rau hauv nws theoretical sib cav hais tias tus sis ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov tub rog yuav tsum muab zoo tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ua hauj lwm. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws muab aircraft. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, no ziag no yog tsis tsuas paub tseeb hais tias, tab sis kuj vim Kuznetsov, tau txais kev cawmdim ntau lub neej, ua rau ib tug tseem ceeb pab rau lub yeej ntawm lub Soviet Union rau lub fronts ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II.

Spain

Nyob rau hauv 1936, cov paub tab ntawm tuaj pab dawb sailors nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam fascism yog raws sij hawm tus me nyuam thiab unloading kev pab los ntawm lub Soviet Union. Kuznetsov raws li ib tug tub rog hiav txwv attaché nyob rau hauv Spain, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, yog convinced ntawm cov correctness ntawm nws kev tshawb xav. yeeb ncuab aircraft thauj ships sunk nyob rau hauv lub le caag rau ports, lawv ua ho cov nyom paug, uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov efficiency ntawm cov tub rog txiav txim. Kuznetsov tsim ib ceg ntseeg tshiab - naval aviation, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj hauv cheeb tsam thiab ua rau cov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab fighters. No ua hauj lwm nws tau txais qhov kev txiav txim "Liab Banner" thiab "Lenin". Rov qab los ntawm Spain nyob rau hauv 1937, Kuznetsov yog tsa los ua ib tug Deputy thiab ces Chief ntawm lub Pacific Fleet. Lub ntsiab txoj cai, uas nws tau muab tawm ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv Spain, yog lub qhov kev npaj txhij rau ntawm txhua lub nkoj thiab lub fleet raws li ib tug tag nrho.

ua ntej tsov rog

Nyob rau hauv lub 30 xyoo ntawm lub USSR pib tsim ib tug tshiab, ntau haib fleet, uas twb puas lawm thaum lub sij hawm lub Lavxias teb sab-Japanese tsov rog ntawm 1904. Yav tom ntej Admiral Kuznetsov nyob rau hauv 1937 yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm tus Chief ntawm cov tub rog Council ntawm cov rog, uas yog tsim los ntawm lub Commissariat. Thaum 34, nws tau los ua tus yau neeg Commissar ntawm cov rog. Nyob rau hauv nws kev mloog lus tseem hluas, tsis heev txog tej, tab sis nrhiav kom ob npaug rau lub yeeb koob ntawm Lavxias teb sab riam phom tub ceev xwm. Kuznetsov subordinated ncaj qha mus rau Stalin, nws yuav ua rau nws nyuaj mus ua hauj lwm. Commander hauv Chief twb mus tsim ib tug tshiab fleet ntawm loj ships - lub nkoj tua rog, cruisers. Kuznetsov, on qhov tsis tooj, insisted on qhov kev tso tawm ntawm ships sib txawv ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv, nrog rau aircraft muaj. Nws sib cav tus thawj coj ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau los ua ib tug nqaum aircraft, tau nqa tawm ib tug ceev kev tshawb nrhiav thiab los xyuas kom meej qhov muaj kev nyab xeeb zog ntawm ships. Qhov tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm muab Kuznetsov kev kawm ntawm cov neeg ua nyob rau hauv active rog tsis tu ncua ua hauj lwm tawm kev sib ntaus los zaum, tus zoo siab hlo ntawm txhua lub nkoj rau ib tug surprise nres. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1938 mus 1948 ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv twb qhib los ua ib tug tsim nyog naval tub ceev xwm thiab cov neeg tsav nkoj. Kuznetsov tus kheej tau mus xyuas txhua txog ntsha, mus saib xyuas kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub nkoj thiab qhuab qhia kev cai, kev ntsuam xyuas qhov kev ua ntawm lub ships nyob rau hauv lub ce. By pib ntawm lub tsov ua rog, dua li ntawm qhov tsis pom zoo nrog Stalin, cov tub ntxhais hluas txoj kev commissar ua ua muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv cov tswv yim thiab tsim ib tug tshiab sib ntaus sib tua-worthy Soviet fleet.

Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog

TASS tsab ntawv ceeb toom, tsis tau ib tug German nres rau ntawm lub Soviet Union, pib Kuznetsova hu kom kawg. Cov ships tau nruab nrog roj reserves, tuav ib daim ntawv qhia txog cov lus nug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas qhov chaw thiab mos txwv, tau ntxiv dag zog rau patrols thiab txawj ntse. Txij li thaum May 1941 lub neeg ntawm lub forbidden ntug dej so, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm intensified politpodgotovka fighters. Thaum pib ntawm Nazi aggression fleet tau ntsib nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev sib ntaus los ntawv, yog li tsis txhob losses. Tsim ua ntej tsov rog npaj tiv thaiv kev ua unfolded rau Kuznetsova tus txiav txim tsis muaj rau hauv tib neeg kev cuam tshuam ntawm Commander. Barricading ntawm lub mines, unfolded submarines, yeeb ncuab aircraft puas lawm nyob rau hauv qhov mus kom ze mus rau qhov chaw Fleet. Nyob rau lub rau hli ntuj 24, muaj ib tug kev hem thawj ntawm thaiv cov hlab tshaj lub nkoj uas nyob hauv Baltic Navy rau qhov kev txiav txim nws tsoo Kuznetsova nyob rau hauv Kronstadt, tawm hauv Tallinn. Naval artillery heev pab nyob rau hauv tus tiv thaiv ntawm Leningrad thiab nws liberation ntawm lub blockade. Cov neeg tsav nkoj coj ib feem nyob rau hauv teb chaws ua hauj lwm, pab tswj yus tus kheej lub fascist armada. Bombers ntawm lub Baltic fleet nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1941 los ob peb loj heev los raug rau Berlin, lawv tsis ua teeb meem loj mob mus rau lub German capital, tab sis tsa lub morale ntawm peb pab tub rog. Txij li thaum 1944, nyob rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Commander Kuznetsov NG - Admiral ntawm lub Fleet, qhov no title yog muab rau cov thawj lub sij hawm thiab li cas mus rau ib tug Marshal.

tshwm sim

Active sib ntaus sib tua Soviet fleet tau coj mus rau loj losses los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Fleet Admiral NG Kuznetsov tus kheej tsim tag nrho cov kev tu ncua hauj lwm pom zoo los ntawm lub ces Commander nyob rau hauv Chief, kuj nyob rau hauv qhov consolidation nrog rau lwm cov caj npab. Ships, submarines thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog puam tsuaj 1,200 units (thauj, kev ruaj ntseg) ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Navy Aviation nyob rau hauv lub battles rau hauv av thiab puas ntau tshaj 5,000 German aircraft. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov rog ntawm lub sab qaum teb Fleet nqa tawm tiv thaiv thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom los ntawm phooj ywg lub teb chaws. Pua pua txhiab tus neeg tau raug coj tawm ntawm txoj kev ntawm lub neej ntawm cov besieged Leningrad, ntau tshaj 10 tons ntawm cov khoom xa mus rau lub starving nroog. Nyob rau minefields puas lawm ntau tshaj li 200 tus yeeb ncuab ships. Fleet Admiral Kuznetsov twb muab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm "Ushakov" 1 degree "Liab Banner" thiab "Lenin". Ntau tshaj 70 ships twb muab tsub lub title ntawm tiv thaiv, 513 sailors ua Heroes ntawm lub Soviet Union. Raws li Commander ntawm cov rog Admiral ntawm lub Soviet Union Kuznetsov koom nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb lub rooj sib tham, cov rooj sib tham thiab kev sib khom lus nrog cov phoojywg.

tom qab tsov rog,

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov peacetime rog yog rov qab. shipbuilding tej yaam num (xws li aircraft muaj) thiab kev loj hlob ntawm naval rog tau hais rau Stalin tus kheej Commissar. NG Kuznetsov, tus thawj coj rau tub rog ntawm hiav txwv, ua nto moo thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, insisted on lawv cov kev npaj thiab yuav tsum tau, uas yog feem ntau nyob rau txawv nrog cov views ntawm tus thawj coj. Vim hais tias ntawm cov kev txawv no, thiab nws tus kheej-kev ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv 1948, Kuznetsov twb demoted rau cov nyob qib Tsheb Admiral thiab ze li ntawm zaum nyob rau hauv cov khoom. Nws siv rau lub hlis tsis muaj kev pab cuam, raug kev txom nyem ib lub plawv nres, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm mus pib ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug deputy commander ntawm lub Navy ntawm lub Far East. Nws yog muaj hais tias nws tau txais lub tom ntej no yog nyob qib Vice-Admiral rau lub thib ob lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv 1951, nyob rau hauv tus kheej kev txiav txim ntawm Stalin, nws rov qab mus rau Moscow thiab tag nrho rehabilitated. Lub npe ntxiv ntawm Admiral Kuznetsov tau txais nyob rau hauv 1953, nws tau koom tes nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm thiab nrhiav kev shipbuilding kev pab cuam saib xyuas.

thrice Admiral

Lub ntxiv txoj hmoo ntawm Nikolaya Gerasimovicha txuas mus rau lub fleet hloov dua siab tshiab thiab nws nyob ze txoj kev koom tes nrog rau cov koom haum thiab cov Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub USSR ua rau nws tau los ua ib tug nuclear-powered submarines. Nws txuas tseem ceeb heev equipping ships nrog cuaj luaj. Lawv muab tso rau hauv submarines thiab flooded lub thauj. Lub tswv yim ntawm creation ntawm aircraft muaj thiab tsis tau pom nws realization kom txog rau thaum 1972, thaum nws twb dictated los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov nqe lus ntawm "khaub thuas tsov ua rog" nrog rau lub tebchaws United States. Rau siab Kuznetsova pab tshoob qhov kev pab cuam ntawm Modernization ntawm cov fleet, tab sis nws intensified nws kev sib raug zoo nrog qhov kev txiav txim cov neeg tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv Khrushchev, lub Admiral Kuznetsov twb dua demoted. Nws muaj mob ua rau nws tau tawm nws los ntawm tus ncej ntawm commander nyob rau hauv Hmoob ntawm cov rog, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tshem tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas nws mob siab rau tag nrho nws cov neej. Tab sis lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yielded tau - lub aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov ua tau. Retired Kuznetsov sau ntau heev txog lub Navy, translations ntawm txawv teb chaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab soj ntsuam lawv yeej thiab xwb. Nws tuag rau hlis ntuj nqeg 6, 1974, raug muab faus nyob rau hauv lub Novodevichy Tojntxas nyob hauv Moscow. Qhov thib peb lub sij hawm yog tus Admiral ntawm lub Fleet Kuznetsov tom qab nws tuag, lub npe twb rov qab nyob rau hauv 1988 nyob rau hauv siab los ntawm nws lug txhawb cov miv thiab tsev neeg Nikolaya Gerasimovicha.

Lub aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov

Nyob rau hauv 1982, cov stocks ntawm cov Dub hiav txwv shipyard fifth hnyav cruiser twb pw rau cov nroj tsuag. Nws lawj tau tsim rau lub tsev, yuav tsaws thiab nqa tawm ntawm lub Su thiab Mig aircraft. Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm pw ntawm lub nkoj txog rau thaum xaus ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas, nws muaj plaub npe: "Riga", "Leonid Brezhnev", "Tbilisi". Thiab xwb nyob rau hauv 1990 lub nkoj yog los ua tim lub npe "Soviet Union Fleet Admiral Kuznetsov". Lub nkoj twb launched nyob rau hauv 1985, txuas ntxiv nws buoyant finish tsev, equipping thiab arming. Nyob rau hauv 1989, cov neeg coob sawv ntawm nws ib sab, thiab pilots pib soj ntsuam runways yam ntxwv. Su-25, Su-27, Mig 29 tau ntse coped nrog neeg ua hauj lwm, thiab ces pauv mus rau lub profit nkoj chaw thau nkoj rau tiav.

cov khoom

Lub aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov, twb raug mus rau ob peb reconstructions. Nws radar, navigation, hluav taws xob riam phom yuav tsum tau tas li kho. Lub nkoj ntawm no loj thiab cov chav kawm ntawv yog heev yooj yim mus hloov thiab kim heev kom nyob alert, tab sis nws yog mus txog rau lub hnub tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam, cov dej num yuav tsum muaj cov Northern Fleet. Nws xaav (nyiaj pab ntau tshaj) yog 61 m, ntev -. 306 m, dav -. 71 m. Qhov siab - 65 meters, lub siab tshaj plaws cua ntsawj ntshab - 10 m. Raws li siv propulsor pyatilopastnye plaub screws uas muab nyob rau hauv lub diesel-generators zog (6), cov chav turbine (4) thiab turbine generators (9). Riam phom muaj cuaj luaj "Granit", "Dirk", "dagger", anti-aircraft phom AK-630, RBU ASW bombs. Cov yooj yim aviation pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li tsib caug aircraft thiab helicopters.

txoj kev loj hlob

Rau hnub tim, lub aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov, yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nkoj ntawm no hom. Nws analogues yog tsis ua pheej Navy npaj nyob rau hauv no cov kev taw qhia no zais cia. Tab sis cov coj noj coj ntawm cov niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab Navy paub qhov tseeb hais tias cov generated N. G. Kuznetsovym 50 xyoo dhau los, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb tes num yog tseem tseem ceeb niaj hnub no. Nws yog tau hais tias tus tshiab aircraft muaj, uas muaj ntau sai sai rau niaj hnub Shipyards yuav tsum tau pw kom tau raws li niaj hnub yuav tsum tau. Qhov no siv tau rau ob leeg riam phom thiab nkoj xyaw. Tshiab naval hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm cov tub ntxhais Admirals yuav tsum yeej xwb lub vastness ntawm lub hiav txwv, thiab qhia lub ntiaj teb no lub hwj chim ntawm Lavxias teb sab riam phom, tab sis tsis nco qab txog cov neeg uas tau sau ua ntej cov nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv no, nws yog tsis tsim nyog.