NS Gumilev, "yuam kev tramway": ib nyuag tsom xam. Gumilev paj huam "Poob tram": dluab thiab parallels

"Poob tram" - ib tug paj huam Gumilev muaj nyob rau hauv lub "Pillar ntawm hluav taws", nws lub xeem sau. Nqe no yog ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm nws yog hais ib nyuag tsom xam.

Gumilev paj huam "Poob tram" kev hlub rau kev tsom xam razlchnye critics thiab txawj scholars. Nws thim lawv cov xim, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, zoo li tej masterpiece, thiab tib ob, nws tsom kuj zoo kawg txawj innovation ntawm tus sau. Txawm li cas los, txawm zoo kawg li innovation nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm tus sau kuj raws li cov kev lig kev cai. Lwm yog vim li cas vim li cas lub "Poob tram" attracts cov xim ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm yog qhov tseeb hais tias nws yuav pom xa Nikolai Stepanovich mus rau lub milestones ntawm nws lub neej.

Nta paj huam tsom xam

Nws yog tsim nyog los luv luv hais ib co kev cov ntsiab lus ua ntej kev tsom xam. Gumilev paj huam "Poob tram", nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub innovation, muaj tag nrho cov yooj yim nta ntawm nws ib hom ntawv nyeem. Zajlus-unit nyob rau hauv lub Lyrics, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau tus ua txoj thiab epic lwm yam, yog ib qho kev, ib tug tig, ib tug zoo nkaus li, tsis yog ib qho kev tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nws cov essence, tej zaj paj huam metaphorically, raws li ib tug ua piv txwv qhia yog twv rau cov ua cim. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov no ua hauj lwm twb sau nyob rau hauv tib lub ua tsis taus pa, kev tshoov siab. Nws tsis tau xa mus rau tus xov tooj ntawm nqe uas meticulously thiab painstakingly "tsev", yog li yuav tsum tau tib yam ceevfaj heev thiab painstaking tsom xam. Puas yuav tsum tsis txhob nqa tawm nws tsom xam.

Gumilev paj huam "Poob tram" tsis tau to taub los ntawm cov nram qab no cov tsoos txoj kev txhais lus. Lub logic tej hauj lwm, tsim nyob rau hauv tib lub ua tsis taus pa, dog dig irrational. Lawv yuav tsis tau mus rau "hais" tsis muaj critic. Tsis muaj ib tug yuav ua rau lawv mus rau lub ntse heev ntawm nws tivthaiv qhov chaw. Qhov no zoo nkauj thiab xws li tej hauj lwm.

loj

Wb pib peb tsom xam. Gumilev paj huam "Poob tram" sau dol'nik. Yog vim li cas tus neeg sau xaiv no loj, vim li cas nws yog tsim nyog los muab cov kev nyuab siab lub suab lus Team sib? Yog hais tias koj nyeem cov paj huam nrov nrov, txog lub luag Iwm haiv neeg, peb pom hais tias lawv lub suab reminiscent ntawm lub suab ntawm lub log. Dol'nik nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm, "lub suab" tsiv mus nyob rau tram, uas txhawb nqa qhov artistic cov nyhuv.

chronotope

Thaum xaiv cov ntsiab lus yog tshwm hais tias tus "Poob tram" - ib tug paj huam Gumilev muaj tej yam txawv lub sij hawm-qhov chaw (lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm spatial thiab sab nqaij daim tawv sib raug zoo). Yog qhov uas tus tram duab yog ib tug tiag tiag chiv keeb, uas tus sau pom nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm Petrograd. Tab sis nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab tram nyob rau hauv cov paj huam, muaj obviously otherworldly xwm, lus dag ib tug loj kis. Lawv yog cov raws li yog hais los ntawm ntau worlds.

suab

Lub suab uas nrog nws tsos, yog heev tiag tiag, yog hais tias peb xav txog lawv cia. Nws yog ib lub suab quaj ntawm cov noog, xob quaj, lub suab ntawm ringing. Nws yog ib cov suab nrog lub zog ntawm trams nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm Gumilyov. Txawm li cas los, cov lus ntawm cov paj huam qhia rau peb hais tias qhov xwm ntawm cov suab cim qhia. Qhov no kom hais tias tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm yog txhais mus rau hauv ib lub cim dav hlau, uas yuav tsum tau xam tau tias yog thiab "Zabludvshiysya tram". Gumilev paj huam yuav zoo to taub xwb los nram qab no no installation.

Yog li ntawd lub suab ntawm 3: nyob deb xob quaj, ringing lute, uab lag Gry. Nyob rau hauv ENU lute, raws li zoo raws li ib tug khawv koob nkauj laus ncas, nws yog ib lub cim ntawm lub kws sau paj lug lub hom phiaj, zoo li ib tug lyre nyob rau hauv Pushkin. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog ib tug kos npe rau zwj ceeb medieval legendary lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv uas yog ib tug txawj artist uas muaj hnub nyoog. Tus tom ntej suab uab lag Gry - yog ib tug phem npog, pob zeb, txoj kev tuag, txoj kev tuag. Thunder - ib tug sib ntaus sib tua, lub vaj xilethi-aus los sis thawlethi, raws li zoo raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug supernatural force, raws li tus tsom xam qhia tau hais tias.

Cov paj huam "Poob tram" tsis yooj yim sua kom to taub yog tias koj paub tias qhov twg lub tram yog tsiv. Ua ke, peb fim nws.

Nyob qhov twg lub tram tsiv

Lub lyrical hero ntawm cov paj huam ua ib tug neeg nrog caij tiv thaiv nws lub siab nyiam. Tram - nws yog ib tug dag zog yuam uas yog ntau npaum li cas haib tshaj tus txiv neej. Tsis yog tsis muaj yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv cov huab cua yog ib tug fiery txoj kev tom qab nws. Qhov twg no tram xyaum, dab tsi yog lub hwj chim no?

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias motorman yog, tab sis nws yog tsis muaj ab tsi thiab tsis teb rau ib qho kev thov los ntawm cov lyrical nres. Cov yam nqe chronotop mam li nco dheev thiab ua luaj hloov. Kom txog rau thaum heev ntev los no, lub tram nyob rau hauv txoj kev, tab sis yog tsis paub hais tias. Tam sim no nws mam li nco dheev rushes "winged" thiab "tsaus ntuj nti" cua daj cua dub. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm no yog hais tias cov tram "poob nyob rau hauv lub abyss ntawm lub sij hawm."

"Abyss ntawm lub sij hawm"

Ntau yam kev soj ntsuam tau txhais txawv qhov chaw ntawm lub paj huam. Piv txwv li, Elena Kulikova ntseeg hais tias cov tram yog zoo li ib tug dab nkoj, "Tus Flying Dutchman", poob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Muaj kuj yog ib tug version raws li uas tus sau piav qhia txog cov lus los ntawm cov afterlife. Qhov no saib yog nyob rau ntawm Yuri Zobnin. Nws ntseeg hais tias cov paj huam Gumilev coj peb rov qab mus rau lub "Divine Comedy" los ntawm Dante. Cov neeg tsav tsheb plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Virgil, uas yog ces hloov los ntawm Masha - Beatrice.

Yuav ua li cas peb to taub qhov twg rau tus neeg sau txoj kev txhob txwm ua thiab logic, thiab qhov chaw uas peb tus kheej koom haum ua teb? Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau ib lub hom phiaj tsom xam ntawm peb? Cov paj huam "Poob tram" - yog tsis tus tsuas yog ib qho ntawm nws zoo nyob rau ENU. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm nws ua hauj lwm, "lub abyss ntawm lub sij hawm" zoo nkaus li ob peb lub sij hawm. Nikolai Stepanovich tau pheej siv no txoj kev, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv nws zaj paj huam "Stockholm". Ntawm no yog peb tseem nrhiav tau nqe vaj lug kub "lub sij hawm" thiab "qhov chaw" nyob rau hauv uas lub "ploj mus ib txhis" lyrical hero. Nws yog tsis muaj kev huam yuaj hu ua tus sau ntawm cov paj huam yog "yuam kev tramway."

Ntxiv mus, lub suab nyob rau hauv lub "Stockholm" yog zoo ib yam li uas peb hnov peb xav nyob rau hauv cov khoom. Nws yog ib tug haib roar thiab rumble, ringing neeb, lub suab ntawm kev thov Vajtswv. Gumilyov nyob rau hauv lub "Tsab ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam" sau tseg hais tias kev ntseeg thiab paj huam - ob tog ntawm lub npib tib. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Nikolai Stepanovich hu nkauj laus ncas, lute, lyre thiab thov Vajtswv suab sib npaug.

Lub motif pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv cov khoom

Peb mus txuas ntxiv lub tsom xam ntawm lub paj huam "Poob tram" rau lub hom phiaj. Qhov no ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv uas tus hero raws li yog hais tias tus npau suav ntawm nws lub neej. Nws ua si nws rushing los ntawm lub qhov rais ntawm ib tug tram. Raws li yog lub npe hu, tus neeg ua ntej txoj kev tuag raws li nws pom nws lub neej, uas sweeps nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws. Peb yuav hais tias lub "Poob tram" - ib tug yaj saub paj huam. Qhov no yuav pom tsis tau tsuas yog vim hais tias nws muaj ib tug sib lawv liag ntawm tua ntawm tus hero, tiam sis vim lub zog ntawm tus tram zoo li ib tug piav qhia ntawm qhov puas ntawm nws lub neej, uas yog flashed ua ntej nws tuag. Uas yog vim li cas lub lyrical hero alarmingly thiab rau siab nug motorman lawm, tab sis nws yog tsis yooj yim sua.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub tram duab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, cov duab ntawm lub Gumilyov nco ntsoov koj tus kheej dua thiab dua. Qhov no tshwm sim, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv "Master thiab Margarita" los ntawm Bulgakov, qhov twg nws yuav ua tau thiab cov tram, thiab cov severed lub taub hau, thiab cov motorman. Heev sib sib zog nqus thiab nthuav thiab cov duab no yuav qhia nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm "tus kws kho mob Zhivago" Pasternak, nyob rau hauv ib tug rov ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm cov protagonist. Yuri tuag nyob rau hauv ib tug tram, lub sij hawm no xob quaj cua daj cua dub, tus hero zoo tawm ntawm lub qhov rais.

innovation Gumilyov

Tus sau siv lub txais tos yog ib qho tshiab rau tus Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Analysis ntawm cov kwv huam Gumilev "strayed tramway" siv Valery Shubinsky. Nws sau tseg hais tias qhov no ua hauj lwm yog tus forerunner ntawm cov "Lavxias teb sab semantic poetics". Muaj ntau ntawm nws lub contemporaries ho tsis to taub nqe lus no, txhais nws li "laus-fashioned" tab tom nrhiav rau tiag tiag prototypes tsim Gumilyov dluab. Piv txwv li, Anna Akhmatova ntseeg hais tias ib tug txiv neej laus laus uas yog flashed rau sab nraum lub tram - ib tug tiag tiag tus neeg. Tej zaum qhov no yog li ntawd, tab sis tej zaum tsis yog. Nws tsis yog li ntawd ib qho tseem ceeb, vim hais tias qhov no yog ib feem ntawm cov paj huam xwb ntxiv rau cov kev xav ntawm kev ntxhov siab vim pw tsaug zog, uas yog ib qho yooj yim los mus sib tov cov neeg tuag thiab lub neej. Lub hero yog heev nthuav kom hnov mob mus rau lub tsos ntawm ib tug txiv neej laus laus, uas nws perceives li ib yam dab tsi khuv xim. Yog, qhov no yog tus txiv neej uas tuag ib xyoo dhau los nyob rau hauv Beirut. Yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag yog zoo kawg, nws yog nws tus kheej-tsheev nyob rau hauv ib tug npau suav. Tag nrho cov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account, xav tias cov nqe lus "Poob tram" ENU.

Ib tug nyuag tsom xam ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm - tsis yog ib qho yooj yim ua hauj lwm. Tu siab, txawm hnub no, ib co kev soj ntsuam tseem yuav ua kom piav qhia txog lub inexplicable yam lus. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov lus xaus, lawv tej zaum kuj mus dhau deb, txawm li cas los, qhov no mus kom ze yog Ameslikas tsis yog. Nyob rau hauv cov paj huam Gumilev ob peb motives uas yeej kov nrog kev muaj tiag, intricately kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv ib co artistic tag nrho, raws li bizarre li cov txheej xwm ntawm txhua txhua hnub lub neej tej zaum koom nyob rau hauv ib tug npau suav. Kuv muaj ib tug npau suav logic, tab sis nws txawv. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau piav qhia txog lub logic ntawm waking. Nws muaj peev xwm tsuas ua kom puas nws.

Qhov no xaus cov paj huam tsom xam N. S. Gumileva "strayed tramway." Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no, peb tau hais. Analysis ntawm cov paj huam Gumilev "strayed tramway" luv luv, koj yuav ntxiv nws tus kheej xav.