Composer A. S. Dargomyzhsky: biography, muaj tswv yim qub txeeg qub teg

Aleksandr Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky, ib tug luv luv biography uas yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm - tus poj Lavxias teb sab composer, uas tau ib tug ntau ntawm tej yam tshiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab classical music. Xyoo ntawm nws lub neej - 1813-1869. Lub ob hlis ntuj 14, 1813 yug Dargomyzhsky. Nws biography pib nrog. Trinity (Dargomyzhe) Tula xeev, uas nws tau yug. Nws txiv tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug tub ceev xwm, raws li Alexander tus niam yog ib tug kws sau paj lug-lover.

Raws li nws siv nws thaum ntxov thaum yau Dargomyzhskii

Biography, ib txoj kev ntawm tej hauj lwm, interesting tseeb txog lub composer - tag nrho cov xav nyob rau hauv ntau admirers ntawm nws ua hauj lwm. Cia peb pib los ntawm thaum pib thiab qhia rau koj txog cov me nyuam tseem yau ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej composer.

Alexander coj nws mus rau lub qub txeeg qub tes ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Smolensk. Tom qab ib co sij hawm no, tsev neeg tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg. Muaj nyob hauv tsev-schooled Alexander Dargomyzhsky. Nws biography yog cim lub sij hawm no qhia nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag, ua yeeb yam thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Cov xib fwb tau Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo AT Danilevsky (pianist), PG Vorontsov (av nkauj laus ncas), F. Shobernehler (Viennese composer thiab pianist), BL Tseybih (singer).

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Dargomyzhskii tau ntsib nrog M. I. Glinkoy (nws portrait yog muab saum toj no), uas tau muab nws lub theoretical thaud coj los ntawm cov xibfwb Dan los ntawm Berlin. Lawv pab mus rau expansion ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm Alexander nyob rau hauv counterpoint thiab kev sib raug zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tau pib kawm orchestration Dargomyzhsky. Nws biography tseem creation ntawm cov thawj ywj siab tej hauj lwm.

Tus thawj tej hauj lwm, cov tub ntxhais kawm Dargomizhskiy

Tus thawj piano daim thiab zaj nkauj raug luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub 1830s. Qhov loj tshaj artistic tus nqi yog cov nkauj tsim rau Pushkin cov lus: "Hmo ntuj Zephyr", "Vertograd", "Cov tub hluas ntxhais txiv neej thiab cov ntxhais nkauj xwb," "Kuv hlub koj", thiab lwm yam Thiab nyob rau hauv cov nram no xyoo lub suab music yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab tswv yim nyiam Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo ntawd. zoo siab muab hu nkauj zaj lus qhia, dawb dawb xwb. Ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm nws cov thwj tim. Cov lawv yog cov haujlwm uas yog COy Madame Byelenitsin (Karmalina) Bibibina, Shilovskaya, Zog, Barteneva, Purgolt (Molas), Princess Manvelova. Dargomizhskiy yeej ib txwm tshwm sim poj niam los, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog - hu nkauj. Nyob rau tom kawg, nws ib nrab-jokingly hais tias, yog tsis muaj lawv, yuav tsis tau tsim nyog los ua ib tug composer.

Opera "Esmeralda"

Opera "Esmeralda" (xyoo ntawm creation - 1837-41) yog suav hais tias yog thawj loj ua hauj lwm ntawm Alexander. Libretto nws yav tas los tsim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov Victor Hugo phau ntawv "Notre Dame de Paris". Qhov no ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm kev coj li hluas (nws tau sau los ntawm lub hom ntawm Fabkis opera) qhia cov muaj tiag dee ntawm Dargomyzhsky. "Esmeralda" yeej tsis tau luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nyob rau hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm lub Imperial Theaters, khw muag khoom noj klaviraustsug, handwritten tau thiab kos npe Dargomyzhsky. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, qhov no ua hauj lwm twb tauj. Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg premiere coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1851, thiab nyob rau hauv Moscow - nyob rau hauv 1847.

romances Dargomizhskiy

lub opera twb tsis txaus siab Aleksandr Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky. Nws biography yog cim los ntawm kev xa nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm. "Esmeralda", thaj chim lub composer. Dua nws pib mus rau sau zaj nkauj Dargomyzhsky, uas nws biography twb cim los ntawm kev sau ntawv rau lawv ua ntej. Ua ke nrog rau hauv thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm ntawm cov tshiab (tag nrho 30 zaj nkauj) twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1844. Lawv coj koob meej Dargomyzhsky. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws romances ntawm lub 1840s pom tau hais tias yuav ua hauj lwm tsim rau Pushkin tus kwv huam: "Hmo ntuj Zephyr", "kua muag", "kab tshoob", "Kuv hlub koj." Nyob rau hauv 1843, nyob rau hauv nqe ntawm lub tib lub kws sau paj lug yog tsim Dargomizhskiy cantata "Lub Triumph ntawm Bacchus". Qhov no ua hauj lwm twb nyob rau hauv 1846 nyob rau St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theatre kev hais kwv txhiaj kev tswj. Txawm li cas los, tus sau twb tsis kam muab cov ntau lawm ntawm "Triumph ntawm Bacchus" nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug opera tsim nyob rau hauv 1848. Tsuas yog ntau npaum li cas tom qab ntawd, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1867, nws tau nyob rau hauv Moscow ib tug ua hauj lwm uas tsim ib tug composer Dargomyzhsky. Bio nws tseem nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no lub sij hawm ntawm creativity.

Mus ncig teb chaws thiab tshiab tiam sis nyob rau hauv lub composer tej hauj lwm

Tshiab tiam sis nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Dargomyzhsky nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm 1840 - thaum pib ntawm lub 1850s. Lawv tau txuam nrog rau rov tshwm sim thiab flourishing ntawm peb lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub thiaj li hu ua ntuj tsev kawm ntawv (ib qho tseem ceeb realism), nyob rau hauv kos duab thiab ntaub ntawv. Alexander Sergeyevich pib nyiam feem ntau pej xeem dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tus paj laum nyob rau hauv dab neeg tau ua txawm ntau dua. Dargomyzhskii koom nyob rau hauv lub processing ntawm lub neeg pluag songs. Nws yuav tau hais tias lub deterioration ntawm lub teb chaws nco qab lub sij hawm no vim lub fact tias cov composer yog txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1844 mus 1845 nws tau mus xyuas lub teb chaws Yelemees, Vienna, Brussels thiab Paris. Dargomyzhskii mus muaj ib tug cia li kiv cua ntawm lub Fabkis, thiab rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg supporter ntawm Lavxias teb sab, raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog Glinka.

Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm uas lub finalization ntawm "suab realism" - lub composer lub tswv yim txoj kev (ua si intonations ntawm kev hais lus yog tus thawj xib fwb txhais tau tias los ntawm uas dluab yog tsim). Lub composer hais tias nws yog cog lus rau kom ntseeg tau hais tias cov suab yog qhia nyob rau hauv lus. Nyob rau hauv lub song "Miller" twb muab tso rau hauv cov nyhuv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas professed Alexander Dargomyzhsky. Luv luv biography ntawm nws cim active kev siv ntawm cov "suab ntawm realism." Los ntawm cov "Miller" nkauj rau cov kwv huam los ntawm Pushkin stretch xov los lub "Pob zeb qhua" - opera, qhov twg lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab paj nruas recitations tau siv. "Omuzykalennaya hais lus" zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv lub nkauj "Koj tsis ntev yuav tsis nco qab kuv," thiab "Thiab bored thiab tu siab."

Lub opera "Rusalka"

Lub opera "Rusalka", tsim nyob rau hauv 1855 los ntawm cov ua yeeb yam AS Pushkina, yog ib tug central khoom ntawm lub sij hawm. Nws truthfully piav txog tus tragic txoj hmoo ntawm ib tug neeg pluag hluas nkauj uas tricked tus tub huabtais. Dargomyzhsky nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm tsim ib hom ntawv nyeem uas seb puas tsimnyog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib raug zoo tsis sib xws (pej xeem cov suab paj nruas ua yeeb yam tsev neeg). Tej zaum 4, 1856 yog thawj zaug qhia rau "Mermaid" nyob rau hauv lub St. Petersburg Mariinsky Theatre. Nws twb staged nrog cov laus decorations, tsis tau saib xyuas kev ua tau zoo, tsis tsim nyog costumes, misplaced cov nuj nqis. Tsis ceeb, qhov no opera tsis yog ib tug kawm tau zoo. Incidentally, lub ntau lawm coj qhov chaw los ntawm K. Liadov, uas tsis nyiam Dargomyzhsky. Kom txog rau thaum 1861, "Mermaid" tau tau tiv thaiv tag nrho cov 26 ua yeeb yam. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1865 nws tau tshiaj thiab Komissarzhevsky C. Plato. Tus tshiab version ntawm cov opera yog ib tug lossis loj kev vam meej. Nws twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub repertoire ntawm ntau theaters, nws tau ua ib qho ntawm feem nrov Lavxias teb sab yeeb yam.

Suab paj nruas thiab cov kev ua si

Yuav ua li cas npaum li cas koj puas paub txog tej composers li Dargomyzhskii? Biography nyob rau hauv lub rooj, tso rau hauv cov phau ntawv, uas muaj tsuas yog tus yooj yim tshaj plaws cov lus qhia txog nws. Meanwhile, Dargomyzhsky yog tsis yog ib tug composer. Suab paj nruas thiab cov kev ua si Aleksandra Sergeevicha Dargomyzhskogo unfolded txij thaum lub caij 1850s. Nyob rau hauv 1859 lub composer los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub rms Committee (Lavxias teb sab paj nruas Society). Los ntawm cov nyob rau hauv lub commission uas nais maum kuaj cov hauj lwm yuav tsum tau xa mus rau lub contest, nws pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj nruag. Dargomyzhsky kuj tau koom nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm lub charter thawj nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws Conservatory. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm Alexander ua phooj ywg nrog lub composers uas tom qab ua mej zeej ntawm lub "Mighty puv tes" (Balakirev vajvoog "). Cov tshwm sim yog ib tug kev sib nrig sib tswv yim kev kawm ntxiv.

Kev koom tes nrog "Iskra"

Dargomyzhsky, biography thiab nws ua hauj lwm yog zoo txuas thoob plaws lub neej, nyob rau hauv 1859, collaborated nrog cov "Iskra". Nws yog influential nyob rau lub sij hawm lub satirical magazine. Tswv yim tshuav ib qho imprint rau lub ntxiv ua hauj lwm ntawm lub composer. Alexander tsim music raws li kwv huam P. I. Veynberga thiab V. S. Kurochkina - paj huam, uas tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub "Iskra". Social cov ntsiab lus yog imbued nrog txoj nkauj Dargomyzhsky txog lub sij hawm no: "Cab", "titular counselor", "Laus tus tub rog." Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws hais ntxiv hais nws cov kev tshawb fawb nrog lub composer pib xyaum ua singers, thiab zaj nkauj yog lyric: "Kuv nco qab sib sib zog nqus", "Yuav ua li cas yog nyob rau hauv ib lub npe", "zoo siab peb ncaim."

Xeem opera Dargomyzhsky

lub composer cov xim nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej ib zaug dua twv mus rau lub opera. Thaum txiav txim siab mus nqa tawm ib tug tshaj dhau kho kom zoo, Dargomyzhsky nyob rau hauv 1866 pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv "Lub Pob Zeb qhua" los ntawm AS Pushkin. Nws xav sau cov suab paj nruag tsis tau hloov cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Pushkin. Dargomyzhsky tsis lees txais cov operatic cov ntaub ntawv, keeb kwm: suab ntaus uake, Arias deployed. Nws lub hom phiaj yog lub laaj ntawm cov suab paj nruas kev txiav txim. Recitative, arioso declamation twb npaum li cas raws li ib lub hauv paus, uas yog, lub opera yog yuav luag nkaus ua rau melodizirovannom recitative. Cov ua hauj lwm twb yuav luag tiav ib tug ob peb lub hlis tom qab ntawd. Dargomizhskiy tuag tiv thaiv nws los tsim cov suab paj nruag rau cov xeem 17 verses. C. Cui tas "Lub Pob Zeb qhua" los ntawm cov nyiaj ntawm lub composer. Nws kuj tau tsim thiab ib qho taw qhia mus rau lub opera, uas yog orchestrated los Rimsky-Korsakov.

Tus nqi "Pob zeb qhua"

"Lub Pob Zeb qhua" los ntawm lub dag zog ntawm nws cov phooj ywg Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo tau ua ob hlis ntuj 16, 1872 nyob rau Mariinsky Theatre nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Nyob rau hauv 1876, lub opera twb revived, tab sis twb tsis khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub repertoire. Yuav kom qhov no hnub nws tseem tsis paub txog tag nrho. Tsis tsuas yog cov Lavxias teb sab composers (Rimsky-Korsakov, Mussorgsky) pom followers lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kawg opera ntawm Alexander. Nws menyuam thiab txawv teb chaws musicians. Nyob rau hauv kev, Gounod xav los tsim lawv tus kheej opera, rau noj ib tug qauv ntawm "Lub Pob Zeb qhua". Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm "Pelléas thiab Melizandra" Debussy raug raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov kho kom zoo, uas tau nqa tawm Dargomyzhsky. Luv luv biography ntawm nws yuav tsis tiav yog hais tias peb tsis hais txog lub orchestral tej hauj lwm ntawm Alexander Sergeyevich.

Orchestral ua hauj lwm Dargomizhskiy

Cov feem ntau cov tawm ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm yuav tau ua "Baba-Yaga", "Chuhonskuyu fantasy" thiab "Little Lavxias teb sab Cossack." Tsev neeg cov ntaub ntawv dluab ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm composer exacerbated los ntawm ib tug grotesquely exaggerated txhais lus. Nws yog los ntawm no tshwm sim lub novelty lawv siv artistic hom kev kawm. Lawv txuas ntxiv nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm tej Lavxias teb sab composers li A. Liadov, Mussorgsky thiab lwm tus neeg. Lub ib hlis ntuj 17, 1869 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, tuag Dargomyzhskii (pictured hauv qab no yog nws lub ntxa).

Luv luv biography ntawm nws hnub no yog kawm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov suab paj nruag lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Russia. Thiab tej hauj lwm ntawm Alexander ua nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws theaters ntawm peb lub teb chaws rau hnub no. Muaj ob peb ntawm peb compatriots uas tau yeej tsis hnov ntawm xws li composers li Dargomyzhsky. Biography rau cov me nyuam thiab cov laus, nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm tsuas yog siv rau nws cov ntsiab hauj lwm thiab achievements. Peb yuav zoo siab yog tias koj xav mus ntxiv acquaintance nrog Lavxias teb sab classical music. Heev xav nyob rau hauv no nws tus neeg sawv cev raws li Dargomyzhsky (biography thiab creativity). Qhia me me rau peb txog nws lub neej thiab legacy, thiab tam sim no koj ua tau.