Nuclear foob pob - ib lub cim ntawm kev kawm?

1945 twb cim tsis tau tsuas yog cov yeej ntawm tus phoojywg nyob rau hauv ob ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog dua Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab nws cov phoojywg, tab sis kuj tsis tau lwm momentous kev tshwm sim. Ob tug Japanese lub zos ntawd puas cia li ob lub tej tawg hem, ib qho rau txhua tus. Noob neej tau nkag mus hauv ib tug tshiab era. Nws pib lub nuclear uas muaj hnub nyoog.

Ib tug nuclear foob pob nrog ib tug funny lub npe "Me tub" yog tus thawj xwb tsim los ntawm physicists, muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj mob loj-scale kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thiaj li ntse thov nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua. Historic aircraft B-29, mus nqa tawm no lub hom phiaj, nws yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub American tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Aviation thiab Astronautics, nyob rau hauv nws polished duralumin board yog inscribed lub npe ntawm tus commander ntawm lub nkoj niam, Enola Gay, zoo li cov ntaub ntawv no. Lub yim hli ntuj 6 tus thawj punch thiab lub thib ob nyob rau hauv peb hnub, lub nroog ntawm Nagasaki twb tau ua li cas. Qhov no nuclear foob pob kuj muaj ib tug funny lub npe - "Muaj roj txiv neej".

Tus thawj lub foob pob twb teem yooj yim zoo nkauj, "cannon" hauv paus ntsiab lus. Ib tug supercritical loj ntawm uranium twb muab tso nyob rau hauv lub pob tw ntawm ib daim ntawm artillery los ntawm lub nkoj phom, thiab nyob rau hauv lub breech ntawm tus nqi, tsim tsim nyog rau cov emergence ntawm ib cov saw tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm nws cov kev foob. Nuclear foob pob muaj ib tug ntev ntawm peb meters, uas plaub tons, thiab tus luj ntawm lub kev sib ntaus los them nyiaj ntawm uranium li cas 64 kilograms, ntawm uas reacted tsuas hais txog 700 grams. Tus so ntawm tus luj ntawm lub caj npab yog txaus ntshai los ntawm hais tias chim daim, plhaub, stabilizers, fuses thiab lwm yam theem nrab cov ntaub ntawv.

Tsis tshua muaj efficiency, uas raug kev txom nyem thawj nuclear foob pob yog qhov ua rau ntawm ib tus me moj kab mob sib kis ntawm cov av thiab me me rau cov hoob kawm no muaj riam phom puas hwj chim, ntsuas nyob rau hauv txhiab ntawm tons ntawm TNT yuav tsum tau mus ua tej kev puas tsuaj. Cov "tshis" nws yog hais txog 15 000 tonnes. Kev sib piv - lub siab tshaj plaws payload yog tib yam "Superfortress" B-29 yog 9 tons. Plaub thiab ib nrab xyoo ntawm no bomber yuav tau ua txhua txhua hnub sorties rau ua tus yeeb ncuab txog tej kev puas tsuaj.

Noob neej yeej ib txwm nrhiav upward thiab rau pem hauv ntej, ua kom outdo nws tus kheej, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm pab kiag li lawm rau qhov puas tsuaj ntawm tag nrho cov nyob yam. Ros TNT sib npaug, thov tshiab "fawm kib" technology thiab lwm yam ingenious dlaws los txhim kho tus piv ntawm "pab" Teebmeem ntawm atomic riam phom.

Lub apogee ntawm cov tug hwj chim uas tsim los ntawm physicists, yog "cov khoom IB 602". Tsis tau hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tsim ib yam dab tsi txawm ntau txaus ntshai, koj muaj peev xwm cia li xav tias nws yuav tsis pom qhov twg.

Tus haib tshaj nuclear foob pob nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub kev lig kev cai kuj tau txais nws tus kheej lub npe, tab sis yog ntawm ncauj, "gruel" los yog "Kuzka". Nws yog ib lub creation ntawm tag nrho cov teeb meem los qhia qhov Americans NS Khrushchev, thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub XXII Congress ntawm lub CPSU (1961) khaws cia nws lo lus cog tseg.

Thaum xub thawj, xws li "bang" ntawm 100 megatons, tab sis khuv xim Norilsk Hlau thiab Steel Works. Peb pom zoo rau qhov sib npaug ib nrab. foob pob ntev - kaum ob meters nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla - ob thiab ib tug ib nrab, lub cev tseem zoo li qub, los ntawm stomegatonnoy thiab bombolyuk pa Tu-95 tsis haum, yuav tsum tau me ntsis luas lub hau thiab tshem tawm cov sash. Cov nyhuv muaj exceeded tag nrho cov kev ntshaw, lub poob siab yoj kis ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj chaw peb lub sij hawm.

Txawm li cas los, nws tom qab ua qhov tseeb hais tias xws li ib tug tub rog nuclear foob pob yog tsis xav tau, nws tus me nyuam mus rau lub hom phiaj yog problematic, thiab me ntsis tsis haib nqi yuav ua rau tus nrog sib ntaus ntxiv kev puas tsuaj tshaj ib giant tawg.

Nws yog vam hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm nuclear teeb meem thiab ua kom tiav cov thawj ob bombs poob nyob rau hauv 1945.