Painting rau ntub plaster. Murals

Yog hais tias koj taug kev nrog txoj kev ntawm lub qub zos vaj tse, mus rau lub tuam tsev, koj yuav saib tau lub tiag tiag tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab. Lawv yog ua los nyob hauv tsev nyob rau hauv ceilings thiab phab ntsa los yog ncaj qha rau ntawm lub tsev facades. Tom ntej no, peb saib qhov no zoo ntawm cov kos duab nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

lus qhia dav dav

Painting rau ntub plaster hu ua xeeb tub. Qhov no style hnub rov qab mus rau lub thib ob xyoo txhiab BC. Cov neeg yuav pib mus koom nyob rau hauv painting thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub Aegean kab lis kev cai. Ua li no, siv ib tug xim nyob rau hauv uas cov kua nplaum thiab casein twb binders.

keeb kwm ntaub ntawv

Txheej txheem zoo li ib tug secco. Ua li cas nws txhais li cas? Nws yog hais txog mural painting rau qhuav plaster. Thaum cov ntaub ntawv yog npaj meej muaj nyob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov kev kawm yog yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv lub ancient lub sij hawm nws yog ntseeg tau los ntawm lub koob meej ntawm lub frescoes. Txawm li cas los, cov khoom differed practicality thiab durability. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm tus me nyuam yug thiab flourishing ntawm Christianity no style yog feem ntau siv los decorate lub txheej thiab puab tej chaw ntawm cov pob zeb cathedrals thiab lub tuam tsev. Nyob rau hauv lub Ancient Rus phab ntsa painting (daim duab qhia hauv qab no) twb mixed hom. Peb siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm txoj kev. Painting rau ntub plaster xim complemented los ntawm tempera-nplaum txoj kev. Nrog nws tom qab thiab elaborated raws li qhov saum toj kawg nkaus sau npe. ib tug ntau yam ntawm phau ntawv cov ntaub ntawv (qe, zaub glues, thiab thiaj li nyob) kuj siv tau. Nrog kev xav txog lub sij hawm ntawm lub Renaissance, yog los ntsuas cov kev txawj ntawm cov artist tau los ua ib tug yuav tsum muaj muaj mural kos duab. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv ltalis painting rau ntub plaster mus txog lub ncov ntawm nws kev loj hlob.

Lub ntsiab yam ntawm tua

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ltalis tom qab qhov kawg kev txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qauv kev sau ntawv thiab kev ua tau zoo sketch tsim ib tug duab los qhia mock-up. Nws cov neeg pleev kob yuav muaj me tub lawv designs. Nws kev txhawj xeeb cov qauv thiab cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov xim ntawm daim ntawv teev. Yog hais tias lub painting rau ntub plaster yog heev loj, qhov chaw muab faib mus rau hauv khej. Ntau yam twb ua raws qhov nkhaus ntawm qhov chaw uas feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv chaw tsaus. Vim li no cov nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej leeg xim sib cais yog tsis yog hnov li cas. Yuav kom hloov cov cuab los ntawm lawv cov nkhaus siv los yog punctures los ntawm tracing. Cov kev npaj txheej ua tib zoo smoothed nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob muaj stains.

cov qauv

Murals yog ib tug ncaj lub sij hawm-siv ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau ntawm kev. Painting ntxiv mus raws li ntev raws li tus txhuam slides yooj yim tshaj lub saum npoo av. painting cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv ntub plaster muaj ntau yam. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias tus txhuam pib muaj grooves rau ntawm qhov chaw, nws yuav txhais tau hais tias cov xim muaj hlau tsis txeem mus rau hauv lub loj thiab, raws li, yog tsis tsau. Nws yog tsim nyog los txiav seem. Ua ntej koj yuav mus ntxiv painting, nws yuav tsum tau muab ib tug txheej tshiab. Painting rau ntub plaster yog ib tug zoo nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm technology siv. Chiv yuam xwb lub teeb xim nyob rau hauv raws li cov npaj sketch. Tom qab ntawd los ntawm lub lem, midtones, thiab xwb ces - tsaus ntuj nti. Tom ntej no, qhov rov qab txheej txheem. Cov kev hloov ntawm kev tsaus ntuj nti mus rau lub teeb. Tsaug rau qhov no kawg tones yog absorbed, thiab muaj peev xwm yuav kho nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw uas lawv tau ib yam nkaus thiab faded. Tom qab zaum kawg finish painting phab ntsa (yees duab tsab xov xwm piv txwv li no ob peb embodiments ntawm lub tiav lawm qauv), thiab kev daws yog kiag li qhuav, pib polishing ciab thiab tshuaj pleev. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nrog lub yav dhau los khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg qhuav teb unfilled av maj mam muab tshem tawm.

Qhuav txog ntaub ntawv

Painting rau ntub plaster raws li nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso intrinsic thaj chaw ntawm txiv qaub. Lub fact tias cov kom qhuav ntawm cov kua tshuaj, nws maj mam dhau mus ua ib tug colloidal siv lead ua. Txiv qaub zoo nyob ntawm seb ntawm ntau yam. Piv txwv li, qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub tiav lawm cov duab, thiab tag nrho lub chav kawm ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau ib tug zoo nkauj painting rau ntawm phab ntsa yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb plaster. Peb yuav tsum tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsi zoo-burnt txiv qaub. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum "tua" nws. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ib lub taub ntim uas muaj txaus dej. Muaj yog poured cautiously txiv qaub. Yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov neeg. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm slaked txiv qaub yog heev kub. Ces nws yuav tsum tau muab rau sawv nyob rau hauv cov dej. Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias nws nyob rau hauv lub ntub lub xeev raws li ntau li ntau tau. Cov ntshaw yam tsawg kawg nkaus lub sij hawm - ib xyoo. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, muab tso tawm rau hauv lub txiv qaub yog tsis tau nyob rau hauv ua ntej. Yog li ntawd, cov kev siv ntawm cov ntsiab tej zaum yuav tsawg npaum li cas raug lub sij hawm.

ntxiv cov ntsiab

Lub duration ntawm lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm uas yuav tuav artistic painting phab ntsa, lom zem ntau nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv. Cov tub lim rau cov tshuaj feem ntau muaj ob peb lub variations. Cib chips tseem pom tau hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv. Nws muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov zoo. Dej nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaij nyoos plaster tov thiab diluted nyob rau ntawd nrog lub ntub txiv qaub bricks poob nyob rau hauv nws pores. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kom qhuav nws tag nrho cov heev maj mam los rau ntawm qhov chaw. Yog li, lub qhuav renders lub sij hawm ntev. Nws ncav us txog thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov duab. Nrog kev xav txog cov gradual ziab tawm, nws yog ua tsaug rau nws muab ib tug sib sib zog nqus "germination" ntawm txiv qaub muaju nyob rau hauv lub hauv av.

cawm

Cib chips - tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm kom ntev painting rau ntub plaster. Nyob rau hauv no lwm cov ntaub ntawv yog cov xuab zeb. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws yog pom zoo kom siv cov dej. Lub fact tias nws txawv cov feem ntau nplej ntawm txawv loj. Vim li no, dej sand muaj cov cuab yeej raws li ib tug kev kub ceev. Qhov no zoo tshaj yuav yog qho tseem ceeb heev. Qhov no yog vim hais tias txiv qaub, ib feem ntawm lub plaster, technically koj lem mus rau mineral "cov kua nplaum". Nrog nws, cov muab tub lim hais yog sib raug zoo rau txhua tus lwm yam. Efficiency yog lub npe hu rau ntau tshaj li lawv yog cov seem txeej rau txhua lwm yam. Txij li thaum plaster txheej yuav muaj zog. Flax fiber (tej thaum kuj hu ua tws hemp) yog ib tug tub lim, tsis tsawg ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj hauv cov xuab zeb. Ua tsaug rau nws plaster txheej yuav tsawg npaum li cas nkig. Nws tau txais ib tug me ntsis kuj mus deformation, raws li zoo raws li ntxiv yooj.

Daim ntawv thov txheej txheem: Thawj kauj ruam

Ua ntej koj yuav pib painting rau ntub plaster phab ntsa, txhua yam koj yuav tau ua tib zoo npaj. Qhov no siv nyob rau hauv particular panels, uas yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv rau cov ntaub ntawv. Cib phab ntsa - qhov zoo tshaj plaws paus rau lub mural. Yog hais tias koj yuav tsum ua hauj lwm nrog ua vaj tse, nws yog pom zoo kom ua rau qhov chaw sis tsis ncaj. Koj muaj peev xwm tsim potholes thiab ntiav qhov. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis tau tsis muaj phau ntawv hammers. Koj kuj siv tau cov rauj. Xws li ib tug lub cuab tam muaj nuj nqi ntawm ib tug jackhammer. Muaj mob thaum lub phab ntsa frescos yav tas los plastered. Ces koj yuav tau sim mus khob cia lub qub txheej. Yog hais tias muaj yog qhov chaw uas nws yog tsis tau, koj cia li yuav tsum tau ntxuav lawv los ntawm cov av, cov hmoov av thiab xim.

Cov yooj yim txheej txheem

Plaster yog thov nyob rau hauv 2-3 txheej. Ua ntej no, nws yog pom zoo kom moisten lub hauv paus zoo. Yog hais tias cov av yog ib tug peb-txheej, qhov Thawj zaug ntawm lawv yog mus rau qhuav kom huv si. Ces nws yog wetted nrog dej ua ntej mus ua kom tiav saturation. Ntxiv lwm tus ua ntawv thov txheej. ob-txheej av technology yog sib txawv dog dig los ntawm lub yav dhau los version. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus thawj txheej tsim kom huv si kom tau muaj zog. Txawm li cas los, ua kom tiav kom qhuav yog tsis tau tso cai. Tom qab ntawd yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv kawg txheej ntawm plaster. Nws yog nws leej twg smoothed ib tug painting. Qhov no yog intonako. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau mus thov ntxiv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, qhov chaw ntawm lub plaster twb lim los ntawm lub resultant txiv qaub ncuav mog qab zib nrog ib tug spatula.

Ua hauj lwm nrog intonako

Cov txheej no yog thov kom cov plaster yuav siv tau los pib nyob rau hauv ib nrab ib teev (nyiaj pab ntau tshaj 1.5 teev). Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus naj npawb ntawm cov smoothing qhov chaw - ob zaug. Qhov no yog ua li cas ua ntej nrag phab ntsa pib. Painting - tus txheej txheem yog heev, thiab tej zaum yuav muaj kom raug. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau tshem ntawm lawv, cov artist yuav siv ib tug duav zaravnivaya thiab nias tsis xws luag. Yog li tsim crystalline ua kiav txhab yog lawm.

me me nuances

Tej xeeb tub plaster thaum lub sij hawm qhuav muab ib tug me me shrinkage. Qhov no lom zem ntau nyob ntawm cov tshuaj: cov tuab ntawm nws, lub tom kawg tsawg. Yog li, pom zoo yam tsawg kawg nkaus kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov dej. Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam ancient qhov chaw qhia tias txiv qaub, uas yog haum rau nws plaster, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog soj ntsuam rau lub parameter ntawm ceev. Hais tias yog, ib tug duav dipped nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, yuav tsum nyob twj ywm qhuav.

Lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm ib tug xeeb tub

Sau ntawv mural yuav tsum tshwm sim sai sai, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsis muaj mus ceev. Nws yog ntshaw tias lub sij hawm siv nyob rau hauv meditation thiab alterations tau khaws cia rau ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus. Tus tswv yuav tsum pre-kawg version ntawm cov duab tom ntej, thiab nyob rau hauv kom meej. Hais tias yog, koj xav luaj lub tswvyim, uas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev ua hauj lwm.

me me tswv yim

Kws txawj pom zoo kom siv cov qauv hauv qab no. Tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv peb ua sawv, xws li:

1. Tsim ib tug duab.
2. Ua hauj lwm nrog rau hauv zos tsw.
3. Tej ib tug duab uas siv teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo.

Thaum xws li ib tug sib lawv liag ntawm lub lag luam nqi hluav taws xob kom qhuav txiv qaub siv maximally.

lub algorithm

Thaum thawj zaug rau theem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm plaster yog tseem heev noo. Thaum lub sij hawm no ntawm daim duab yog ua li cas. Ntxiv mus, tus txheej txheem ntawm nws cov creation yog ib tug muaj tswv yim nrhiav thiab nrhiav tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev paub qhia lo "tsim". Los ntawm ib tug kev taw tes ntawm view, qhov no yog piav raws li nram no: nyob rau hauv thawj daim duab nyob rau theem ntawm nqus los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau muab kho kom thiaj tau ua. Txawm li cas los, los ntawm tus kawg ntawm nws rau txhua lub zos xim yuav tsum tau kom meej meej tseg spatial ib thaj tsam. Tom qab cov creation ntawm daim duab no tiav lawm, nws yog tsim nyog los "qhia" tus duab. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, lub zos xim yog siv tshaj tag nrho saum npoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov dawb me ntsis raug tsis muab khaws cia tseg. Tom ntej no, ib tug tshiab nto txheej yog muaj ntaub ntawv. Nws muaj lub xim yaj nyob rau hauv dej. Ua tsaug rau nws, ib tug crystalline ua kiav txhab pib deteriorate me ntsis. Yog li, tus nto ntawm ib tug yav tom ntej xeeb tub twb qhia tawm. Tom ntej no mus cov fore duab ntxoov ntxoo Modeling. Chiv, nws yog nyob rau ntse qhov chaw ntawm lub cev thiab lub ntsej muag, thiab ces rau khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam khoom. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav nqa tawm lightening melkotertoy siv txiv qaub es tsis txhob ntawm dawb. Yog vim li cas yog hais tias lub txiv qaub yaj nyob rau hauv lub plaster tej zaum yuav muaj tsis muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov sib tov. Yog li, txawm nyob rau hauv yuav luag qhuav nto xim yuav tsum yuav ruaj. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, koj muaj peev xwm ntshaus raws li qhov ib co teeb meem. Lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv kev txaus ntshai ntawm qhuav tawm cov phab ntsa. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txo cov kev pheej hmoo, nyob tus yeees ntawm pigments npaj rau ntxoov ntxoo thiab zaum kawg khoom kias yog inputted nkaub, uas yog diluted nrog dej. Nws tsis muab nyiaj rau cov plaster dries. Txawm li cas los, lub tebchaw tsim nrog txiv qaub nplaum. Nws yog tau los tuav ib tug zoo xim nyob rau painting nto.

cov lus qhia ntxiv

Nyob rau hauv lub lag luam freskist yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov nta ntawm executable txheej txheem. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias glauconite, daj ochre thiab tag nrho cov caramel muaj txiv qaub, zoo heev lightens tom qab lub plaster. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov nws nyob ntawm qhov xwm ntawm qhov nruab nrab nyob rau hauv uas nws yog thov. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, txawm zoo ib co qhuav phab ntsa tseem yuav mus sai heev nqus dej. Raws li, qhov mural yuav sai qhuav tawm. Piv txwv li, plaster muaj ntaub ntawv rau pob zeb ua los yog nyob rau lwm lub hauv paus, tsis nqus dej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub qhuav txheej txheem yuav tsum tau npaum li cas qeeb qeeb yog tias koj siv ib tug peb-txheej av. Thaum ua hauj lwm nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob txawm lub slightest kev ua txhaum ntawm lub sam xeeb ntawm lub plaster. Tej zaum yuav tsum muaj rooj plaub yog hais tias tus txhuam wizard nws yuav ua rau tus tov ntawm lub blend xim nrog lub Hawj txawm tsis tau qhuav li, superimposed yav tas los, ncaj qha rau ntawm lub plaster nto. Koj ua qhov no yog tsis pom zoo. Qhov tseeb hais tias cov xim muaj hlau tau tov nrog txiv qaub, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub plaster. Thaum no qhov chaw dries, nws yuav sawv tawm ntau heev pallor rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub painting.