Papermaking technology: nyob rau hauv tsev, nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas, nyob rau hauv Ancient Tuam Tshoj

Yuav ua li cas cia li tsis tau sau ntawv rau tib neeg! Pob zeb, qhov tsua phab ntsa, ntoo, av nplaum thiab pob zeb ntsiav tshuaj, bronze tug ncej ... Tej zaum, ua tsaug rau qhov tseeb, muaj ib tug hais txog qhov tseeb hais tias tsis yog txhua tus yuav tau ko ib tug taus nrog daim ntawv sau. Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau raws li cov kev xav tau rau kev sau ntawv. Kom txog rau thaum ces, kom txog thaum yees daim ntawv.

Tus invention papermaking technology nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj rau ib ntev lub sij hawm ntaus nqi mus rau Tsay Lyunyu, imperial dignitaries. Thaum kawg, nws yog nws leej twg ua ntej xa tsab ntawv ib daim ntawv thov mus rau lub huab tais ntawm Tuam Tshoj los nws thoob plaws cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib txoj kev raug daim ntawv. Kev dignitary qhia tshwj xeeb uas mixed hemp thiab mulberry fiber, tshauv, dej, scraps ntawm daim ntaub overlaid nyob rau hauv lawv cov zoo, leveled thiaj li ua manufacturers parchment thiab papyrus. Huab tais pom zoo qhov kev thov. Thiab yog li ntawd nws tshwm sim hais tias, thaum zoo xws li cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj tau ua ntev ua ntej daim ntawv tso lus dignitary, lub invention ntawm daim ntawv yog ntaus nqi mus rau nws.

papermaking technology twb zoo nyob rau hauv txhua lub teb chaws, thiab nws thiaj li ntawv los ua cov feem ntau nrov, tab sis yog tsis heev zoo khoom.

Nyob rau hauv 1770, lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus muaj peev xwm los tsim Whatman installation, npaj kom tshem tau ntawm daim ntawv ib co kua nplaum rau hauv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas nws twb qhuav. Tom qab 30 xyoo nyob rau hauv Fabkis ua tus thawj daim ntawv tshuab. Txij li thaum ces tus ntawv tau ua lub npe hu qhov txhia chaw thiab yog tsis muaj lawm ib sis tshaj.

Niaj hnub no, daim ntawv ua technology ua hauj lwm los ntawm thiab muaj ob peb theem.

Nyob rau hauv thawj theem lub feedstock yog npaj. Hlais ntoo thuv thiab spruce, txiav lawv mus rau hauv cov pas tuav, oshkurivayut nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb cov cav tov siv cov qauv ntawm qhuav okarivaniya. Peeled tuav pulverized rau hauv tej daim.

Qhov thib ob theem - zus tau tej cov semi-tiav lawm cov khoom. papermaking technology txhais tau tias cov ntoo-mach khw ua tib zoo npaj tej daim muab tshuaj ntxuav rau wood shredder, xa nws mus rau hauv ib sis plawv hniav. Nyob rau hauv cov kev cob qhia sis plawv hniav yog bleached thiab feeb meej.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib peb theem sis plawv hniav thiab thermomechanical sis plawv hniav tov, ntxiv cellulose, txheeb, bleached dua thiab xwb ces xa mus rau daim ntawv txiav txim siab siv lub tshuab. Nyob rau hauv cov cav tov sob tsim web los ntawm uas dej yog drained xovxwm. Cov ntawv twb ces qhuav nyob rau hauv lub thooj voos kheej kheej, ua nws ntau tus nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm calender yob, qhov txhab nyob rau hauv daim chais, txiav mus rau hauv qhov kev kawm tsawg.

Qhov no daim ntawv raug technology yog tsuas yog ib drawback: nws zoo heev thiaj li tus nqi ntawm cov ntoo nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Txhua theem ntawm lub industrial zus tau tej cov ntawv nws muaj nws tus kheej lub npe.

• Pretreatment los yog txuam nrog. Cov raw khoom yog crushed, tov nrog fillers, coloring los yog tshuaj dawb cov tshuaj mas siv, nws nkag mus rau mus rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke cia ntawm lub mixing, uas ua hauj lwm - xyuas kom meej tus lag luam ntawm papermaking machine.
• Refining, piv txwv li lub kawm tuab si lug ntawm lub sis plawv hniav qauv.

Niaj hnub no, tej lub teb chaws (xws li, Nyiv) rau souvenirs ua los ntawm txhais tes rau daim ntawv. Nws Ameslikas zoo kim, tab sis nws yog ib tug zoo khoom plig.

Ob peb cov neeg paub hais tias tus ntawv muaj peev xwm yuav manufactured ... tsev.

Tsev papermaking technology

1. Peb zom pov tseg daim ntawv (napkins, daim ntawv, thiab lwm yam), Sau nrog dej, yeej nrog ib tug tov kom txog thaum ib tug uniform "ua khob noom cookie."

2. Ntxiv cov kua nplaum mix, kis tau nyob rau hauv lub tais ntawm ib daim phiaj, them nrog gauze. Peb wring koj ob txhais tes, dlhos, npog nrog gauze thiab muab tso rau hauv xovxwm.

3. Cia rau ib tug ob peb hnub, tsis tu ncua tig mus rau tusyees outflow ntawm dej.

Qhov no tsev ntawv yuav tsis txawv tshwj xeeb kev zoo nkauj, tab sis nws yog heev haum rau ib tug souvenir, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm cov me nyuam.

Qhov no yog tsis yog nws, tab sis qhov uas yooj yim txoj kev ntawm kev ua daim ntawv nyob rau hauv tsev.