Paub daws teeb expressionism

Abstract Expressionism sawv nyob rau hauv New York nyob rau hauv 1940-1950-ies thiab sai sai los ua ib tug ntawm cov haib tshaj thiab influential zog nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm niaj hnub kos duab. Lub tsev nyob rau lub achievements ntawm tus nyob sab Europe avant-garde kos duab, ib pab pawg neeg ntawm ntxias lub npe hu ua "paub daws teeb expressionists" (los yog "New York tsev kawm ntawv"), tau tsim ib tug tshiab abstraction uas yog ob qho tib si yooj yooj yim thiab complex.

Cov qhov nyuab uas tau koom rau cov kev tshem, Willem de Kooning, Dzhekson Pollak, Barnett Newman, Clifford Tseem, Frants Klayn, Lee Krasner, Robert Motherwell, William Baziotis, Barnett Newman, Adolph Gottlieb, Richard Pousette-dart. Txawm tias ib co ntawm cov tseem ceeb cov nuj nqis ntawm Abstract Expressionism twb tsiv teb, xws li Mark Rothko, Gans Gofman, Arshile Gorky, nws yog tus thawj kiag li American zog nyob rau hauv kos duab. New York los ua tus tshiab capital ntawm artistic innovation rau xyoo yuav tuaj, "noj tam sim ntawd" nyob rau hauv lub Paris Niaj hnub nimno Kos duab mantle ntawm cov thawj coj. Nyob rau hauv New York, nws tsim ib tug yeeb yam lus, uas yog heev sai sai mus txog lub feem ntau tej thaj chaw deb ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub ntiaj chaw.

Lub npe "paub daws teeb expressionism" tau los ntawm ua ke nrog ntawm txoj kev xav siv cov yam ntxwv German Expressionist nrog "antiobraznymi" theories European paub daws teeb lub tsev kawm ntawv (futurism syncretic Cubist).

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog piav raws li ib tug anarchic, tshwj xeeb heev, txawm muaj tej kev txiav txim ntawm nihilism zog. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, lub sij hawm siv rau tej xov tooj ntawm ntxias ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv New York nyob rau hauv sib txawv kiag li yeej, tsis muaj leej twg uas, nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev yuav tsis yuav piav raws li ib tug classical los yog paub daws teeb expressionism.

Paintings ntawm cov ntxias kom tsim nce loj-scale ua hauj lwm muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog rau qhov feem ntau txais convention nyob rau hauv lub kos duab thiab thematically. Nws yog ib tug rog xav txog ntawm lawv cov neeg subconscious, yog li lawv tau sim mus nrhiav ib tug universal nrog qhov chaw. Spontaneity thiab improvisation yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim txoj kev. Txawm tias tej hauj lwm ntawm paub daws teeb expressionists "thaum nws" tej stylistic kev faib tawm, lawv muaj peev xwm yuav grouped nyob ib ncig ntawm ob lub ntsiab nyiam: focus rau lub dynamic thiab nquag piav tes piav taw; meditation, teem xim rau cov qhib qhov chaw ntawm cov xim. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, cov duab, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ib tug abstraction. Txawm tias thaum twg cov duab raws li lub nrig txog kev pom kev muaj tiag, paub daws teeb expressionist nyiam txoj kev, "poob nyob rau hauv kev xav".

Abstract Expressionism tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm overlapping txhua lwm qhov chaw. Muaj ntau ntxias ua rau lawv lub thawj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1930s. Cov kev nyuaj siab loj tsa lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ob tug artistic taw: Ridzhionalizm thiab Sotsiorealizm. Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lawv yog tsis txaus siab rau cov ntxias nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev tshawb fawb rau artistic cov ntsiab lus nrog ib tug muaj zog cov nqi, los qhia rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib raug luag hauj lwm, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm pub dawb los ntawm provincialism thiab sheer nom tswv overtones. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm ntau paradoxes ntawm lub zog, uas nws cov hauv paus hniav pw nyob rau hauv lub paj lug painting ntawm lub xyoo 1930. Yuav luag tag nrho cov Abstract Expressionists tau "ntaus" rau cov kev ntawm cov kev nyuaj siab loj, lawv cov kos duab matured nyob rau hauv tus Ridzhionalizma thiab Sotsiorealizma. Tsis tas li ntawd leem txoj kev rau tus siab heev tshaj plaws American art los thiab lub assimilation ntawm European modernism. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo nyob rau hauv New York, ncaav ntau miv ntawm European avant-garde kos duab, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj tau kev kawm kev kawm modernism. Qhov tseem influential xib fwb ntawm contemporary kos duab nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States los ua tus Gans Gofman, uas tau tsiv los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees rau lub tebchaws United States mus tas li nyob rau hauv 1932.

Qhov teeb meem ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog thiab nws cov txim yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev totaub txog cov teeb meem ntawm creativity paub daws teeb expressionists. Hluas ntxias, muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog sab tsaus nti ntawm tib neeg, ntxhov siab heev perceiving illogical tus cwj pwm thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov neeg pom tau hais tias nws lawv lub luag hauj lwm qhia cov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub kos duab, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab nws cov ntsiab lus.

Direct tiv tauj nrog European ntxias tau nce thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog, uas tau coj ntau yam, xws li Salvador Dali, Maksa Ernsta, André Masson, André Breton, Piet Mondrian, Fernand Léger, nrhiav qhov chaw nkaum nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Surrealists, nrog lawv cov tseem ceeb nyob rau cov cim ntawm "subconscious", qhib li tshiab possibilities. Ib tug surrealistic txoj kev los tso ntawm "meej pem" - psychic automatism, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug tsis siv neeg piav tes piav taw thiab improvisation tau txais txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev txiav txim.

Xub thawj, lub Abstract Expressionists nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm timeless ntxhais thiab ua txoj tig rau kev tshoov siab kom myths xwb thiab archaic kos duab. Mark Rothko, Dzhekson Pollak, Robert Motherwell, Adolf Gotlib, Barnett Newman, William Baziotis hom phiaj ntawm lawv txoj kev qhia nrhiav kev tshoov siab nyob rau hauv ancient los yog txheej thaum ub haiv neeg. Early hauj lwm los ntawm ntxias qhia pictorial thiab biomorphic ntsiab yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib tug neeg lis dej num. Jung yog intriguing thiab psychology, nrog nws cov lus pom zoo ntawm lub "collective nco qab lawm." Direct qhia yog ntawm paramount tseem ceeb, thiab nws yog zoo tshaj plaws tiav tsis xav (npaj).

Nyob rau theem ntawm mature paub daws teeb expressionism, nyob rau hauv 1947, Dzhekson Pollok tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb cov txheej txheem - nrog los yog splashing (ib tug lossis loj canvas, nteg rau hauv pem teb, nws splashed xim nrog ib tug txhuam).

Willem de Kooning kuj tsim nws tus kheej cov txheej txheem gestural style - furious, pasty "strokes-cwj nrag" nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm thiaj li hu ua "paj lug abstraction."

Lee Krasner, thiab Frants Klayn twb Attendance tibneeg hu tauj coob nrog lub koom haum ntawm ib tug dynamic piav tes piav taw ntawm cov kos duab, nyob rau hauv uas txhua daim ntawm cov duab no yog lawm ua tus sau (Lee Krasner hu ua style "hieroglyphic" painting).

Rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm paub daws teeb expressionists nqi lus dag nyob rau hauv qhov yooj yim ntawm kev qhia. Painting yog lub qhib ntawm qhov tseeb qhia tias yog leejtwg ntawm cov artist. Ib tug piav tes piav taw los yog ib tug "kos npe rau" ntawm lub artist - pov thawj ntawm tus creation txheej txheem.

Rau lwm txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm mature paub daws teeb expressionism yog nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kev paub qhia lo possibilities ntawm cov xim. Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman tsim lub kos duab loj hom xim dav hlau - "qhov yooj yim qhia ntawm txoj kev xav," raws li Malakaus Rothko.

Imperishable paj nyob rau hauv paub daws teeb expressionism qhia lub tus kheej cob rau nws practitioners mus nrog tseem ceeb txawj ntse currents ntawm nws lub sij hawm, xws li existentialism thiab Jungian psychology (nws yog tsim nyog nco, uas tau muaj ib qho tseem ceeb cawv rau expressionism nyob rau hauv architecture nyob rau hauv nws kiag). Txawm tias existentialism muaj ib tug decisive cawv rau cov Abstract Expressionists, tab sis nws pab mus rau rhetoric ntawm kev ntxhov siab vim thiab kev tsis sib haum permeates kev sib tham.

Rau ntau critics thiab kos duab historians zoo paub daws teeb expressionists sawv cev lub apogee ntawm lub modernist lub zog, pib yuav luag ib xyoo pua ua ntej lawm.

Abstract expressionism tseem nyob ib tug muaj koob qhov chaw tsis zoo xwb nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm phau ntawv ntawm cov kos duab thiab tsev cia puav pheej collections, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem nco qab. Xws li ib tug ntev tsis txaus siab nws, tsis muaj kev ua xyem xyav, yog ib tug ua tim khawv rau lub sib sib zog nqus tau zoo.