Pej thuam ntawm vaj ntxwv Amenemhat III, thiab lwm yam artifacts ntawm cov neeg Iyiv nrog ntawm lub Hermitage

Pej thuam ntawm vaj ntxwv Amenemhat III yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab teev ntawm cov neeg Iyiv nrog ntawm lub Hermitage. Nws txig fwm thiab, tej zaum, yog nws cov Hmoob txog yam tshiab. Tab sis, sib nrug los ntawm no, lub tsev cia puav pheej yog tag nrho ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm Antiquities ntawm no kab lis kev cai.

General yam ntxwv

Iyiv kev cai yog cov hiob ntawm cov ntiaj teb civilizations. Cov kab lis kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws no yog nws nyob rau hauv uas tau muaj rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm - txog plaub txhiab xyoo. Thaum lwm tus neeg, xws li cov Greek - tsuas yog ob txhiab xyoo. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tau muab khaws cia tseg rau hauv lub cim monuments thiab artifacts. Lawv muab ib tug ib nyuag ntsia ntawm tus nplua nuj mythology, thawj outlook. Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov neeg Iyiv yog kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub tsis txawj tuag ntawm tus ntsuj plig, yog li ntawd txhua txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub teb chaws tag nrho lub neej npaj rau cov kev hloov mus rau lub afterlife. Qhov no coj mus rau lub fact tias lub ntees tuag qhuas, kev faus ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lawv cov kab lis kev cai.

sacralization kab lis kev cai

Lwm cov yam ntxwv feature ntawm lawv socio-thoj thiab kev cai lub neej yog deification rulers, raws li tus yam ntxwv zoo los ntawm vaj ntxwv Amenemhet III pej thuam. Nws yog, incidentally, tau raug fwm nyob rau hauv zoo heev mob. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv ib tug afterlife Egyptians tseg ib tug xov tooj ntawm ritual khoom thiab muab cia rau hauv lub Hermitage. Tsis tas li ntawd fwm stelae, paintings nrog cov dluab ntawm cov neeg raug thiab ua rau nws dawb huv cov nqe lus.

General yam ntxwv

Iyiv Hall yog founded los ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse A. Sivkov nyob rau hauv 1940 rau lub site ntawm ib tug buffet nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no vaj. Cov chav no pib lub keeb kwm thiab architecture ntawm no civilization txij thaum lub 4 xyoo txhiab BC. Ntawm kev txaus siab yog tau nphav raug cov laus Kingdom, raws li zoo raws li tom ntej sij hawm: Ptolemaic thiab Roman, Byzantine domination lub sij hawm.

Cov yav tas fwm imperial npib thiab Alexandrian co nyiaj npib nrog cov dluab ntawm rulers. Lub halls ntawm lub Hermitage yuav pom nyob rau lub richness ntawm lub collections sib sau nyob ntawm no. Ntawm kev txaus siab yog ib tug sau ntawm Coptic Antiquities uas tau pom thiab txwv kom muab zais toj. Nws cov kwv tij qhov ntev thiab qhov dav ntawm lub teb chaws no nyob rau hauv lub lig XIX caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub uas nrhiav tau ntawm ntau yam Antiquities, nws kuj tau mus xyuas cov liab dawb thiab monasteries, raws li zoo raws li ib tug necropolis, qhov uas nws kawm inscriptions.

teev

Iyiv Hermitage exhibits tsis tshua muaj neeg. Qhov no yog ib tug loj cov duab puab thiab me me yas, thiab tsev neeg cov khoom, thiab ritual accessories, raws li zoo raws li inscriptions, kos duab, dluab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov mummies yog muab ntawm no. Ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw yog nyob los ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev cai dab qhuas thiab ritual hom phiaj. Piv txwv li, no koj yuav qhuas lub stele Ipi (XIV xyoo pua BC). Nws depicts lub sau, thiab cov thawj ntawm cov executive tub ceev xwm opahaloderzhatelya kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Nws yog sawv cev ua ntej lub pagan deity Anubis.

Xeem xwm nrog lub taub hau ntawm ib tug hma nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, nrog ib tug pas nrig nyob rau hauv ib tug tes thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb cim uas symbolized lub neej ntawm lub ancient Egyptians. Nws twb hu ua "anhom". Tus naj npawb ntawm Anubis ua tib zoo sau thiab ua nyob rau hauv cov tsoos xim ntawm lub pleev xim rau Iyiv deities: xiav thiab ntsuab. Duab puab sau, on qhov tsis tooj, ntau sketchy. Nws yog hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv ib lub tsho nrog thoob plaws tes tsho thiab ib tug sev. Nyob rau hauv stele depicts ib tug sacrificial txog ntsha inscriptions ritual tseem ceeb, thiab teev cov npe thiab cov qib ntawm Ipi.

duab puab

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tso rau neeg pom yog ib tug pej thuam ntawm vaj ntxwv Amenemhat III. Raws li hais saum toj no, nws yog zoo khaws cai thiab muab ib tug hais txog ntawm tus poj tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub ancient Egyptians ua si ib ua kom dawb huv ntawm lawv rulers. Qhov no huab tais yog tus sawv cev ntawm lub kaum ob Dynasty, uas kav thaum lub sij hawm nruab nrab Kingdom (XIX xyoo pua BC). Thaum nws mus txog ib tug loj Iyiv xeev hwj chim, uas, inter alia, manifested nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog tsev.

Peb tham feem ntau txog kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug loj heev chaw pam tuag tuam tsev nyob ze ntawm lub pas dej mojsab qhua Fayum, uas lub ancient Greeks hu ua "labyrinth". Pej thuam vaj ntxwv Amenemhat III tsim nyob rau hauv postamarnskih sawv yam ntxwv reign Ehnatona successors. Nws tau sau tug neeg zoo. Tus sau them ntau xim rau cov me nyuam lub ntsis, uas yog ib tug tseem ceeb kauj ruam rau pem hauv ntej piv nrog cov kos duab ntawm lub qub Kingdom.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua tib zoo sau tawm cov leeg. Amenemhat 3 yog xwm nyob rau hauv yooj yim khaub ncaws: muab rau ib tug sev thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb headscarf - cov tsoos attire ntawm lub pharaohs, lub rulers. Tshwj xeeb yog zoo pleev xim rau ob lub qhov muag, uas, ua tsaug rau nws cov chaw, muab lub xub ntiag expressiveness. Lub npog tas ib ce yog ua nyob rau hauv cov tsoos style: nws yog ncaj, slender, uas corresponded rau ancient Egyptians, lub siab raws li txoj cai ntawm tus vaj ntxwv, cov duab uas yog ua kom pom lub hwj chim thiab greatness ntawm cov neeg Iyiv hauv lub xeev.

lwm yam khoom

Lwm exhibit uas attracts xim yog tus pej thuam ntawm lub ancient Iyiv vajtswv poj niam Semhet. Nws yog xwm nrog lub taub hau ntawm ib tug tus poj tsov ntxhuav, raws li cov neeg ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws twb nws siab tawv qhov muag ntawm lub hnub. Lawv xav hais tias nws ib tug vajtswv poj niam ua tsov ua rog thiab ntseeg hais tias nws yuav ua tau kom mob thiab kho lawv. Yog li ntawd, nws suav hais tias lub patron ntawm cov kws kho mob.

Menacing tsov ntxhuav lub taub hau ntawd hais tias lub ancient Egyptians nws twb tuaj raws li ib yam ntawm cov avenging quab yuam. Yog li ntawd hais tias tag nrho cov teb chaws muaj kev puas tsuaj - kev tshaib kev nqhis, tej mob kis, kev tsov kev rog, kev mob kev nkeeg - cov neeg nyob xam tau tias yog nws ib tug rau txim. Lwm exhibit - nws embalmed mummy ntawm cov pov thawj, uas qhia hais tias tus kos duab ntawm mummification twb thov tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov pharaohs, tab sis kuj yuav muaj nplua nwj neeg.