Phenotypic variation thiab nws cov khoom

Phenotypic variation - ib tug tseem ceeb heev uas kom tus kab mob muaj peev xwm ciaj sia. Nws yog ua tsaug rau nws hais tias nws yog muaj peev xwm kom pab tau rau ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob.

Thawj cov kev hloov kho variability ntawm cov kab mob no tau pom nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Charles Darwin. Zaum ntseeg tau hais tias nws yog vim hais tias muaj yog ib tug natural xaiv nyob rau hauv cov qus.

Phenotypic variation thiab nws cov ntsiab yam ntxwv

Nws yog tsis muaj daim card uas thaum lub sij hawm lub evolution ntawm muaj sia nyob yog lossi hloov, adapting kom ciaj sia nyob rau hauv rau sab nraum ib puag ncig. Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm tshiab hom yog muab los ntawm ob peb yam tseem ceeb - hloov raws roj ntsha khoom qauv (genotypic variability), raws li zoo raws li cov tsos ntawm tshiab zog, uas ua rau zaum kab mob thaum hloov ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob.

Phenotypic variation muaj ntau yam:

• Firstly, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no tsuas cuam tshuam phenotype - ib tug txheej ntawm tsos yam ntxwv thiab cov khoom ntawm ib tug nyob kab mob. Caj khoom tsis hloov. Piv txwv li, ob tug neeg ntawm cov tsiaj uas nyob hauv txawv kev kawm, muaj ib co sib txawv nyob rau hauv tsos, txawm ib tug zoo tib yam genotype.
• Nyob rau lwm cov tes, phenotypic variability yog ib pab pawg neeg ua cim. Cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov qauv thiab cov thaj chaw ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug muab pejxeem. Kev sib piv, yog tsim nyog hais tias cov kev hloov lub genotype ntawm ib thiab txawj.
• Kev hloov kho variability reversible. Yog hais tias koj tshem tawm cov kev yam tseem ceeb uas provoked ib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau ib feem ntawm lub cev, thaum lub sij hawm nta yuav ploj.
• Phenotypic hloov yuav tsis pub, tsis zoo li kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic hloov.

Phenotypic variability thiab tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Raws li twb tau hais, lub phenotypic kev hloov no yog tsis yog tshwm sim ntawm tej kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic hloov kho. Tus thawj yog tej yam uas genotype cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tej yam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis nws tus kheej ib tug txheej ntawm cov noob, tab sis cov kev siv ntawm lawv cov tsos mob.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, kev pauv tau lawv tus kheej kev txwv uas yog hu ua ib txwm tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv - ib tug ntau yam ntawm tag nrho cov tau variations ntawm cov uas xaiv tsuas yog cov kev xaiv uas yuav tsim nyog rau cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob. Qhov no tus nqi nyob nyuaj rau cov genotype, thiab nws muaj nws tus kheej sab sauv thiab sab kev txwv.

Phenotypic variation thiab nws cov kev faib

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus typology ntawm variability yog heev txheeb ze, vim tag nrho cov dab thiab theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug kab mob tseem tsis qoos taub. Txawm li cas los, kev hloov kho raug muab faib ua tej pawg neeg, nyob ntawm seb tej yam ntxwv.

Yog hais tias peb coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hloov tej yam tshwm sim ntawm lub cev, lawv yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv:

• Morphological (hloov tsos ntawm lub cev, e.g., ceev thiab xim ntawm cov ntaub plaub).
• Physiological (muaj cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub metabolism thiab muaj sia yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug kab mob, xws li ib tug tib neeg, nce lub roob, tus xov tooj ntawm cov ntshav liab nce dramatically).

By ntev cais kev hloov kho:

• Noninheritable - kev hloov yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tsuas yog ib qho ib tug neeg los yog cov pejxeem, cov uas tau raug ncaj qha cuam tshuam los ntawm lwm tus ib puag ncig.
• Long-term kev hloov kho - tham txog lawv thaum kis tau adaptation zag kis thiab khaws cia rau ib qho ntxiv 1-3 tiam.

Tseem muaj ib co ntaub ntawv ntawm phenotypic variability, uas yeej tsis muaj nqi:

• Kev hloov kho - cov kev hloov uas coj lub cev mus rau siv, hloov thiab muab tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam.
• Morphosis - cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv phenotype, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm txhoj puab heev, huab tej yam. Ntawm no variability mus deb tshaj li cov cai ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv , thiab muaj peev xwm txawm ua rau tuag ntawm cov kab mob.