Podkopaev, MI Mauj lub koom haum suab nta

MI Podkopaev

Voronezh State Academy of Arts

System koom haum suab nta

(Podkopaev, MI System koom haum ntawm lub suab muaj nuj nqi // lus nug suab Education: Qhia rau cov xib fwb siab thiab theem nrab tshwj xeeb tsev kawm ntawv Moscow - St. Petersburg, 2003. - S. 80 - 88).

Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab zog thiab amazing hais tias xwm muab tej txiaj ntsim tus txiv neej yog audible hais lus, nyob rau hauv particular, nws daim ntawv tshwj - hu nkauj los yog suab hais lus (lub sij hawm siv thaum hu nkauj phenomenon yog suav tias yog los ntawm lub standpoint ntawm physiology los yog acoustics).

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub suab muaj nuj nqi, txoj kev ua ib lub suab tivthaiv ntawm lub suab hais lus, muaj tsis muaj ib yam anatomical hloov khoom nruab nrog systems, uas nyob rau hauv cov nruj kev txiav txim zoo yuav tau hu ua lub nruab nrog phonation. No muaj nuj nqi ib tug neeg siv ib tug pa, nqos, piv txwv li, tub ceev xwm chiv npaj rau feem thiab tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub lom nqi ntawm cov nuj nqi; phonation lawv pab raws li hais tias los ntawm kev huam yuaj. Lub ua ke ntawm cov lub cev rau ib ntev lub sij hawm hu ua lub suab apparatus. Xeem rau tus singer tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm nws kev ua si, tab sis kuj cov kwv ntawm ncaj qha pedagogical cawv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm suab kev kawm. Niaj hnub no ob peb tsis txaus siab rau lub tswv yim sib cav hais tias kev txawj ntse ntawm tej ntsiab cai lwm cov dej num ntawm lub suab apparatus, yog ib tug ntawm cov kev tsim nyog tej yam kev mob rau muaj kev vam meej ua hauj lwm rau nws cov creation. A.Varlamov tseem nyob rau hauv nws "lub tsev kawm ntawv hu nkauj" (1840) sau tias: "Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tuaj txog ntawm kev kawm hu nkauj tsis looj hlias, koj yuav tsum pib rau ib tug paub qhov tseeb ntawm cov pa thiab suab mechanism thiab kos cov yooj yim cov kev cai ntawm physiology tseem lub cev."

Feem ntau, anatomical thiab physiological notions ntawm suab apparatus, hu nkauj, cov menyuam kawm tau txais raws li ib feem ntawm lub pedagogical voj voog ntawm yooj yim disciplines - ib chav kawm ntawm suab txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv lub luv luv lub sij hawm allotted kev pab cuam, cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum tau txais thiab assimilate ib tug ntau ntawm cov pov thawj los ntawm lub cev, physiology, acoustics thiab tau txais ib lub tswv yim ntawm cov qauv thiab cov qauv ntawm kev ua si ntawm lub suab apparatus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev paub no yuav tsum yog muaj raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm tsim ntawm ib tug educated thiab cov kev tsim nyog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias tus singer txuas nws cov hauj lwm nrog pedagogy. Raws li kev lig kev cai, txoj kev tshawb ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm yog ua los ntawm lub foundations ntawm classical (hloov) physiology, relying rau cov yam ntxwv thiab analytical mus kom ze. Nrog nws txoj hauj lwm tib neeg lub cev muaj feeb ntau tau saib raws li ib tug sau ntawm ntau yam lub cev, ua ke neural thiab humoral (hormonal) kev cai. Tej phau ntawv nyob rau lub cev, physiology, etc. ua rau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov hloov, thiab muaj xws li seem rau ib tug neeg anatomical tshuab - namely, plawv, ua pa, npag, endocrine, etc. Tom qab no zoo sib thooj, txij thaum lub sij hawm M.Garsia suab apparatus yog pom tias yuav muaj xws li cov nram qab no Cheebtsam: "generator" ntawm lub suab - laryngeal khi-rov qab (resonator) uas lub - ntawm lub caj pas, lub qhov ntswg kab noj hniav rau cov paranasal sinuses, lub "zog" ntawm tus dais - lub raj cua, bronchi, lub ntsws , ua pa nqaij, articulation nruab nrog cev - lub qhov ncauj. tus nplaig, kaus hniav, daim di ncauj, nyuaj thiab mos mos palate. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws hais tias "tag nrho cov chaw thiab kev khiav dej num ntawm lub koom haum yog interconnected thiab tswj los ntawm lub hauv paus poob siab system" (li tau hais nyob rau hauv. Dmitriev LB, Telelyaeva LM, SL, thiab lwm yam Taptapova phoniatrics thiab fonopediya .. - M., 1990 P.20) .. Tab sis dab tsi koom siab ua ke cov lub cev tsis muaj phonational tseem thiab teej tug mus rau txawv anatomical systems, kev nyob rau hauv lub koom haum, dab tsi yog qhov mechanisms ntawm xws lub koom haum thiab los xyuas kom meej lub meej mom ntawm lub hauj lwm ntawm lub suab apparatus? Organic thiab yam ntxwv kom ze cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no tsis tau. Nyob rau hauv qhov ntsiab lus teb, daim ntawv thov ntawm no txoj kev mus rau lub kev kawm txog suab (suab) muaj nuj nqi yog tsawg thiab dog dig inconsistent rau ib tug yog vim li cas hais txog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsuas siv lub tsim ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm qhia ib tug coherent lub koom haum ntawm lub suab apparatus.

Ib tug fundamentally tshiab mus kom ze rau qhov kev nkag siab ntawm lub physiological zog ntawm postulated kauj, raws li nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, ntau thiab siv nyob rau hauv lub vib this los ntawm science. Lub physiology ntawm ib tug systematic mus kom ze raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb xav ntawm haumxeeb tshuab (nyob rau TPS) tsim apprentice IP Pavlova - Academician PK Anokhin thiab tau txais ib tug niaj hnub loj hlob nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm twb nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv - Academician KV Sudakova.

Raws li ib tug pedagogical xyaum ua tej yam nyob rau hauv lub suab department ntawm lub Voronezh State Academy of Arts los ntawm tus sau ntawm no ua hauj lwm yog ib qho kev sim kom paub cov ntsiab ntawm cov TPS raws li ib tug methodological hauv paus ntawm kev qhia suab txheej txheem nrog rau cov system mus kom ze. Lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm yog mus kawm ntawv tus menyuam kawm ntawv muaj tswv yim kev xav, ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nta ntawm uas yog mauj.

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no peb txwv tsis pub peb tus kheej rau qhia txog nyob rau hauv nqe lus dav dav txog kev ua ntawv thov cov yooj yim cov kev cai ntawm lub TPS system rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub koom haum ntawm lub suab (suab) muaj nuj nqi txiv neej.

Es tsis txhob classical physiology hauv nruab nrog cev, raws li cov ntsiab cai ntawm lub cev), TPS tshaj tawm mauj lub koom haum muaj zog. PKAnohin thawj kos mloog mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias lub tshuab uas muaj sia nyob, tsis yog npaj rau ib tug neeg hais muaj nyob rau hauv lawv, thiab muab lawv nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau ib co pob zeb ua tau ntawm kev ua ub no, namely mus nqa tawm yam tseem ceeb functions. Yog li ntawd, xws systems yog hu ua kev haumxeeb. Raws li Anokhin, lub system nyob rau hauv lub physiology ntawm ib tug txheej ntawm lub cev txuam kev muaj nuj nqi. Li no, lub txiaj ntsim ntawm cov kev ua ub ntawm Workers system combines ib tug neeg qhov chaw mus rau hauv ib tug tag nrho, thiab yog li ua lub caj qaum tau. Nws yog mus cuag ib tug tej yam tshwm sim ntxiv haumxeeb tshuab (FS).

Suab muaj nuj nqi, zoo li tag nrho lwm cov tib neeg khiav dej num, raws li ib tug mauj lub koom haum. Thawj zaug txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus txhais lus los ntawm cov mauj lub koom haum ntawm lub suab zog peb siv qhov yooj yim tenets ntawm lub TPS. Yog tshwm sim rau txhua cov ntaub ntawv system ntawm lub cev, lawv yog raug rau FS phonation thiab suab hais lus. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov yooj yim tenets ntawm TPS thiaj li mus nram qab no. Lub koom haum ntawm tag nrho cov FS kab mob muaj tib lub hom qauv, uas yog raug rau FS phonation. Qhov no qauv muaj xws li ib tug central ntawm thiab peripheral Cheebtsam thiab npaj:

Y tshwm sim ntawm cov kev ua si raws li ib tug ua FS link (nws "card") - ib yam dab tsi rau cov uas tsim lub FS;

Y tsev-tau txais cov khoom (tsis) ntawm lub tiav tau ntawm kev ua si - receptors tau;

Y tswv yim raws uas kis cov ntaub ntawv rau lub hauv paus poob siab system txog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm tus ua thiab qhov tsis muaj no tshwm sim, uas enables lub cev raws li ib tug tag nrho rau kev ntsuam xyuas cov neeg kawm ntawv kawm tau zoo thiab qhov zoo tshaj ntawm nws ua;

Y central link FS, hom phiaj rau nws hauj lwm ua ke lag luam thiab nruab nrab yog cov koom haum ntawm cov ntsiab ntawm cov txawv muaj ntau seem ntawm lub hauv paus poob siab system;

Y FS thawj mechanisms.

Cov thawj zaug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev ua si raws li ib tug zoo tshaj uas FS phonation thiab suab hais lus yog lub tsim ntawm lub suab taug txoj kev ntawm lub acoustic teeb liab, uas ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib lub hauv paus twb rau thaum xaus kev kawm - ib tug neeg hu nkauj laus phonemes tejyam lo lus, kab lus. Raws li prefinite, thiab thaum kawg FS kev ua ub no muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov neeg sab nraud ntau yam, piv txwv li, yog mnogoparametrichnymi. Ib txhia ntawm lawv nqa cov lus qhia txog cov qauv ntawm cov acoustic lub suab (acoustic tsis) - qhov siab, lub hwj chim spectral muaj pes tsawg leeg (muaj los yog tsis muaj ib tug siab thiab / los yog cov uas tsis muaj kev hu nkauj formant, etc.). Lwm yam tsis muaj xws li ntaub ntawv hais txog lub suab suab qauv - artikulyayurnye (los yog kinesthetic) tsis. Tau zoo kev cob cog nrog lub acoustic tsis, lub caij nyoog kawg no cia kom paub qhov txawv thiab piav qhia txog qhov chaw nyob thiab txoj kev ntawm lub suab kev kawm ntawv, piv txwv li txiav txim yam ntxwv ntawm cov hais ntawm niam thiab consonants.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsis txawv tsis tsuas yog ntawm lub suab thiab hu nkauj lub suab, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub ntau yam suab lwm yam - kev kawm hu nkauj, pop hu nkauj, folk hu nkauj, thiab lwm yam Tag nrho tsis yog txiav txim los ntawm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov kev ua ub ntawm muaj sia thiab biophysical dab kom nws kawm tau ntawv zoo, namely: 1) phonation, uas muab tiam lub suab thiab nws coj acoustic qauv, thiab 2) articulation, uas muab kev kawm ntawv thiab ib tug defining hais lus suab suab suab qauv. Raws li lub koom haum, thiab ob haumxeeb subsystems - FS FS phonation thiab articulation.

Yog li muaj yog xim mobilization ntawm ntau yam nruab nrog cev thiab cov nqaij, cov uas nyob rau txawv anatomical systems nyob rau hauv kom FS. Inclusion ntawm ntau yam kabmob, uas ua ke yog hu ua lub suab apparatus, ib tug suab FS yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm xim combining nyob rau hauv ntau yam kabmob FS. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tib lub cev tej zaum yuav muaj mus rau ntau yam FS, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug ntau yam ntawm PS los yog PS ib subsystem (raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub suab FS) mus cuag tau tej zaum yuav siv sib txawv los yog cov tib cov tub ceev xwm. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, tej khoom hauv nrog cev ntawm lub suab apparatus yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm lub zog txuam nrog phonation, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim yog multifunctional. Nyob ntawm seb cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv uas lub FS los yog subsystem muaj xws li ib tug hloov ntawm lub suab apparatus, rau nws muaj kev sib txawv uas yuav tsum tau, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kis tsuas yog cov zog uas nws manifests nws tus kheej yog nyob rau hauv lub FS.

Los ntawm no foundations, ib tug thiab tib lub cev nyob rau hauv sib txawv FS suab hais lus acquires tshwj xeeb ntau yam khoom. Piv txwv li, lub raj cua thiab bronchi yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub FS zvukogeneratsii ua lwm yam tso, raws li muab piv nrog rau cov tib lub raj cua thiab bronchi muaj nyob rau hauv lub FS phonational respiration. Los yog suab folds sib txawv kiag li qhia tau tias nws cov haumxeeb zog, muaj, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv system ntawm kev, qhov uas lawv qhia fonemoobrazuyuschaya muaj nuj nqi, los yog FS zvukogeneratsii, qhov uas lawv pab raws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm zaj lub zog. Ib yam li ntawd, tus pa nqaij yog ib feem ntawm txawv FS txuam nrog phonation, namely, FS phonational ua tsis taus pa lawv ua tau ib tug pneumatic muaj nuj nqi thiab FS articulation mechanisms muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv hyphenation.

FS phonation xaiv muaj xws li neural thiab hormonal kev cai theem. Tsis ntev los no li pib lub cim "kev kho", xaiv hom endocrine qog, gonads thiab adrenal qog. Tshee mechanism hais xim xam nrog ntawm ntau yam paj chaw zov me nyuam.

Txhua lub caij yog xaiv muaj nyob rau hauv lub FS phonation. interacting nrog rau lwm cov ntsiab ntawm lub cev, nquag ua rau kom qhov kev kawm ntawm zaum kawg tshwm sim ntawm nws FS. Tej kev sis raug zoo FS khoom nyob rau hauv tfs lub npe hu ua vzaimosodeystviya (PKAnohin). Vzaimosodeystviya Cheebtsam yog muab los ntawm qhov kuaj nutrisistemnyh bonds thiab nws tus kheej txhais vzaimosodeystviya dab kev cai system.

Tej ntaub ntawv kaw lus, xws li cov ntaub ntawv system ntawm lub suab, yog ib tug self-regulating system. Self-cai nyob rau hauv lub FS ensured los ntawm tus tswj tsev, soj ntsuam zaum kawg tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv no apparatus yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm tsoov qhov tsis muaj lub peripheral paj txoj - receptors, bred nyob rau hauv lub suab apparatus, thiab distantly los ntawm nws. Encoded cov lus qhia txog cov kev tshwm sim tau los ntawm tus parameter receptor nkag mus rau qhov tsim nyog paj chaw zov me nyuam (cortex, limbic system muab lub siab lub ntsws tivthaiv ntawm kev hais lus thiab hu nkauj, lub chaw zov me nyuam ntawm medulla oblongata). Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais yog xaiv nyob rau hauv kev koom tes FS ntawm lub suab thiab suab hais lus qauv ntawm txawv muaj ntau seem ntawm lub hauv paus poob siab system rau hloov executive nruab nrog cev thiab tshuab (Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv apparatus). Los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais nyob rau hauv lub central tshee system ntawm lub suab huam receptors paub qhov txawv tsawg kawg yog tsib cov hom ntawm cov rhiab heev: hnov, Vibratory (muaj, raws li qhia V.P.Morozovym, resonant xwm), nqaij, pneumatic (cua siab tshwm sim los nyob rau hauv lub resonance txoj kev, thiab lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub pa nqaij), pom tau qhov sib. Nyob rau hauv sum, lawv muab ib qho hu nkauj ncus thiab ntaus tswv yim txog lub puab workings ntawm lub suab apparatus, los yog raws li lawv hais tias, yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm tus singer lub suab thiab lub cev tswvyim - ib tug neeg nrog ncus system uas tshwm sim thaum hu nkauj phonation. Nrog kev pab los ntawm tus singer txhua txhua lub caij ntawm kev tswj ntawm nws lub suab tag. Yuav ua li cas raws nraim kuv muaj R.Yusson. "Txhua yam ntawm suab txheej txheem generates tej suab-corporeal Circuit Court, lub xub ntiag ntawm uas nyob rau hauv lem stabilizes lub technology" (3. p. 109).

Yog li, lub tsoov system yog ib lub suab tshuab (thiaj li hu ua "suab analyzer" singer) ua thawj saib xyuas thiab tswj txoj cai muaj nuj nqi. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, FS phonation thiab suab hais lus yog ua lub tswv yim channel: lawv yog cov, raws li tau qhia nyob rau hauv V.P.Morozova, hu nkauj nyob rau resonance technology yog ib tug vibrating channel uas yog encrypted ntaub ntawv hais txog cov kev ua ntawm lub suab resonators yog tsawg kawg yog yuav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm masking nyhuv lwm influences (acoustic kev mob, thiab lwm yam).

Ib qho tseem ceeb kev tfs muaj tswv yim muaj nuj nqis rau suab pedagogy yog cov lus nug txog lub xub ntiag ntawm lub FS tswj tsev. Ntawm no nws yog tseem ceeb heev rau lub tom ntej no. Lub FS phonation nyob rau hauv nws cov central department - lub paj hlwb muaj ib tug complex corticosubcortical paj lug sawv cev ib tug twv ua ntej siv lub tshuab ( "rau pem hauv ntej modeling") thiab kev luj xyuas ntawm cov kev tshwm sim tau. Qhov no unit ( "acceptor ntawm tshwm sim ntawm kev txiav txim" los ntawm Anokhin), "anticipates" qhov kawg thaj chaw ntawm cov kev tshwm sim, thiab txiav txim seb lub feasibility thiab cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov kev pab cuam xaiv tswj kom tau thaum kawg, thiab yuav xa cov neeg tus cwj pwm los ntawm tas mus li kev sib piv uas nkag mus rau lub hauv paus poob siab system ntawm raws lub tswv yim ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov tsis muaj cov tiav. Nws tsim ib tug zoo ntawm "duab" ntawm lub hom phiaj, uas tus singer txuam nrog lub siab tshaj plaws ua si resonators thiab tawm tswv yim channel, reflecting no kev ua si - co (resonator) ncus (Morozov, 2002, 2008). Ib tug thawj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub apparatus ntawm foresight thiab kev luj xyuas ntawm zaum kawg tshwm sim muaj ib tug ntau ntawm standard vocalist hu nkauj suab nyob rau hauv lub suab-pedagogical sis ntawm cov xib fwb thiab cov me nyuam kawm ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd kuj zoo kawg thiab tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub kawm ntaus ntawv foresight kom tsim nyob rau hauv kev kawm suab txawj xib fwb hais lus qhia aimed ntawm txoj kev ua ib resonant hu nkauj txheej txheem raws li tau zoo raws li lub xub ntiag ntawm lub expressed txug ntawm lub singer nyob rau paub yog resonant hu nkauj txheej txheem los ntawm tam sim no kos duab hu nkauj.

Ntau xim nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm architectonic FS suab hais lus yog them rau tus thawj mechanisms ntawm lub suab, cov sawv cev ib tug txheej ntawm hais lus thiab physiological dab, tswj tsis tau raws li lub qhov kawg FS tau thiab kom ntseeg tau tus tsim nyog kev zoo nkauj lub suab coj mus rau qhov tsis muaj kev kawm suab txheem. Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub actuators yog cov yuav tsum muaj cov kev tshawb fawb R.Yussona, Fanta, Sundberg. L.B.Dmitrieva. Ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no nyob rau hauv nws cov scientific thiab theoretical thiab cov tswv yim tseem ceeb yog tej hauj lwm tseg los ntawm domestic zaum - professors thiab V.N.Sorokinym V.P.Morozovym uas nws tswv yim yog embodied nyob rau hauv lawv tsim theories - kev tshawb xav ntawm kev hais lus (V.N.Sorokin, 1985) thiab resonant hu nkauj cov kev tshawb xav ntawm cov kos duab (Cov .P.Morozov, 2002, 2008). Xeem rau suab ua tau zoo thiab suab-pedagogical xyaum yog paramount tseem ceeb. Resonance kev tshawb xav ntawm hu nkauj ua ke nrog cov kev tshawb xav ntawm haumxeeb tshuab radically hloov ntaus tswv yim txog qhov xwm ntawm tus actuators thiab khiav dej num ntawm lub suab apparatus.

Lub ntsiab actuators muab suab hais lus, yog phonation thiab articulation uas yog muab nrog cov FS. Yog li, cov tshuab muaj xws li nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg tib peripheral thawj lub Cheebtsam, tab sis muaj ntau yam kev central kev cai. Biophysical hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov actuators ntawm lub system yog lub suab-resonance mechanism. Hais tias cov lus teb yog ib tug choj ntawm phonation thiab articulation yog zvukogeneratsii hauv paus, thiab los ntawm cov kev hloov ntawm lub lag luam hom thiab acoustic resonators yog nyob rau hauv qhib tswj txoj kev thiab mus ob peb vas kev cai register suab thiab lwm yam tembroobrazovaniya mechanisms. Qhov no yog xyuas kom muaj los ntawm qhov kuaj nyob rau hauv lub resonance txoj kev FS phonation tshwj xeeb hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm cov resonators thiab cov kev pab ntawm acoustic deeg muaj ib tug hais lus (resonant) xwm.

Qhov no acoustic tswv yim tso cai rau koj mus tig tus tiv thaiv mechanisms ntawm lub suab (cov kev tiv thaiv nuj nqi ntawm lub resonators Morozov), raws li zoo raws li pab txhawb nws cov hauj lwm, thiaj li ntev nro ntawm lub laryngeal nqaij (qhov no muaj nuj nqi resonators yuav muab txhais li lub pab muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov lus Askiv pab -. Pab, pab).

Ib tug txawv feature ntawm lub suab apparatus raws li ib tug system ntawm lub koom haum yog cov xub ntiag ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab linkages ntawm cov executive Cheebtsam ntawm lub system (suab, kab noj hniav, ua pa) multimodal xwm (acoustic, pneumatic, Neuro-reflex) (Morozov. 2002, 2008). Lub xub ntiag ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab linkages ob mas (nruab nrab ntawm hauv paus tswj thiab kev tswj thiab executive Cheebtsam) thiab horizontally (nruab nrab ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm system raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab vzaimosodeystviya ntsiab ntawm lub thawj chaw ua hauj lwm - lub suab, ua pa resonator) txiav txim cov kev ua ntawm lub FS ntawm lub suab thiab suab hais lus raws li complex integrative system. Tej, xws li pedagogical tej yam nws reacts raws li ib tug tag nrho thiab tej yam nyob rau hauv tej ntawm nws qhov chaw tam sim ntawd thaws rov los nyob rau hauv lwm yam. (Morozov, 2002, 2008)

xaus

1. Suab muaj nuj nqi thiab cov zoo hais txog suab hais lus (hu nkauj), raws li zoo raws li tag nrho lwm cov kev khiav dej num ntawm tus neeg, muaj ib tug system koom haum yog thaum kawg ntawm cov kev ua ntawm tshwj xeeb haumxeeb phonation system, uas yog ib tug cyclic, ib tug self-regulating lub koom haum, xaiv combining ntau yam kabmob thiab ntau ntau ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab humoral kev cai mus cuag nws tshwm sim zaum kawg - lub tsim ntawm suab hais lus suab tivthaiv - suab, suab hais lus raws li phonetic units ntaub ntawv Khiav pom kev hu nkauj phonation, rau cov tsis ntawm tus txheej txheem kev kawm ntawv suab (los yog lwm yam suab lwm yam) thiab muab kev zoo hu nkauj lub suab.

2. Lub suab FS yuav qhia tau kuj ywj siab, tiam sis sib xyaw subsystems, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb Cheebtsam ntawm thawj effector mechanisms ntawm suab hais lus - tus me nyuam ntawm "tej yam khoom uas" ntawm lub suab - cua qhov chaw ntawm acoustic deeg, zvukogeneratsii, articulation. Nrog lub system mus kom ze, lub refracted teeb nyob rau hauv lub resonant hu nkauj kev tshawb xav yuav tsis yog faib ntawm lub suab mus rau lub "generator" system (department) ntawm lub suab apparatus. Cov yav tas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb rau tag nrho cov resonator huam suab huam thiab lub suab yog cov tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov acoustic zog vim cov huab cua khiav tes taws los piav vibrating suab folds.

3. Lub suab ntaus ntawv - nws yog ib lub FS yam khoom uas ua hauj lwm pab raws li tus thawj (effector) chav tsev ntawm lub system.

4. Lub universal hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov FS ntawm lub cev, raws li zoo raws li lawv kev txawj ntse ntawm tag nrho cov qauv thiab cov khoom yog ib hom ntawm "qhov tseem ceeb" rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov FS ntawm lub suab thiab suab hais lus, architectonic sau no FS thiab nws cov subsystems cov ntsiab lus.

5. Daim ntawv thov ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev tshawb xav ntawm haumxeeb tshuab nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov qauv ntawm suab muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm vib this, raws li kev tau qhia, nws txhawb nqa txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv systems xav thiab kev algorithms nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm kev puas hlwb kev ua si, raws li zoo raws li qhov siv xwm ntawm tsim ntawm niaj hnub tswv yim hais txog cov dej num ntawm lub system ntawm lub suab thiab suab hais lus raws li ib tug feem kev tag nrho.

ntaub ntawv

1. Phoniatrics thiab fonopediya / Dmitriev LB, LM Telelyaeva, Taptapova SL, Ermakova II - M., Tshuaj, 1990.
2. Morozov VP Yog resonant hu nkauj. Fundamentals ntawm resonance kev tshawb xav thiab cov txheej txheem. - Moscow, 2002 (2nd ed -. M., 2008).
3. VN Sorokin Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hais lus ntau lawm. - Moscow, 1985.
4. Yusson R. hu nkauj lub suab. - Moscow, 1974.