Xav thiab hais lus

Xav raws li ib tug puas siab puas ntsws txoj kev vim kev, txuam nrog kev hais lus, yog kev nrhiav thiab qhib tshiab. Xav thiab hais lus muaj feem xyuam rau txhua lwm yam thiab suab tsis muaj ib tug tsis muaj rau lwm yam.

Xav yog ib tug active txheej txheem uas yuav ua, restructuring, hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Lub ntsiab lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev xav yog muab analytic-hluavtaws ua si, uas yog lub dialectical kev sib sau ntawm ob puas siab puas ntsws ua hauj lwm: ib tug puas siab puas ntsws division ntawm tag nrho cov mus rau hauv qhov chaw (tsom) thiab lawv kev twb kev txuas mus rau qhov tshiab kev twb kev txuas (synthesis).

Piv - lwm tseem ceeb kev puas hlwb lub lag luam. Ib tug sib piv ntawm cov khoom thiab tshwm sim ntawm kev muaj tiag, peb ua ntej faib lawv mus rau hauv lawv cov kev tivthaiv qhov chaw, qhov tseem ceeb ib tug neeg tus yam ntxwv thiab cov khoom, thiab ces piv nrog txhua lwm yam. Cov nram qab no lag luam ntawm lub xav txheej txheem - abstraction thiab generalization. Tus thawj (abstraction) - ib zajlus kom muaj nuj nqi puas siab puas ntsws distraction los ntawm lub txheej los mus txiav txim tseem ceeb zoo kev zoo losis phem los yog tej khoom vaj tse. Qhov thib ob (generalization) - ib tug xav ua lag luam, uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim feem ntau general thaj chaw ntawm lub kawm tej khoom. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm generalization, sib piv thiab abstraction, raws li zoo raws li tsom xam thiab synthesis tswvyim tsim.

Tswvyim - nws yog ib daim ntawv ntawm kev xav, uas qhia rau hauv lub heev thiab loj, tseem ceeb zoo ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev txawj ntse tswv yim tseem ceeb heev. Lub tswvyim yog txhais los ntawm cov lus, uas ib zaug dua qhia txog yuav ua li cas yog xav thiab hais lus. Language ua kho hom haum xeeb lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev xav. Language yog ib tug kos npe rau system, uas yog muab tej txiaj ntsim uas muaj tej yam tseem ceeb thiab lub ntsiab. Xav thiab hais lus yog interconnected thiab qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tib neeg, tsis zoo li tsiaj. Cov kev xav tsis ploj vim hais tias nws yog tsim thiab tsau nyob rau hauv lo lus, sau ntawv los yog hais lus.

Piv xav thiab hais lus kom meej meej qhia tau hais tias cov kev sib raug zoo thiab keeb kwm essence ntawm kev xav. Paub thiab achievements ntawm kab lis kev cai yog kis tau los ntawm tiam mus rau tiam xwb vim hais tias tau mus kho lawv nyob rau hauv ib lo lus.

Zaum tau pom tias xav nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob kis preconceptual thiab conceptual theem. Preconceptual xav yog muab faib mus rau hauv nrig txog kev pom-active kev xav thiab pom tau qhov sib-puab. Tus thawj zoo xav yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug tiag tiag lub cev kev txiav txim ntawm kev kawm. Qhov no hom dominates nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mus txog rau ob los yog peb lub xyoos. Yog hais tias koj muaj lwm - nrig txog kev pom-figurative - ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm tsis tau tsuas yog nrog cov khoom, tab sis kuj nrog lawv cov dluab, qhia cov kev kawm thiab txhua yam kev cob cog rua nrog nws.

Tab sis lub ntsiab view - conceptual, paub daws teeb, hais lus thiab cov zajlus kom xav, uas npaj rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus txhais tau tias ib zaug dua qhia tau hais tias cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev xav thiab kev hais lus. Nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam, nws pib tsim nyob txog 7 xyoo, uas yog txuam nrog tsev qha ntawv. Xav thiab hais lus, tsim, muaj ib tug kev sib nrig sib cawv rau txhua lwm yam. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub conceptual, paub daws teeb xav yog ib lub tswvyim uas qhia hauv lub dav, loj thiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom.

Classification xav tau thiab nyob rau lwm thaj chaw. Piv txwv li, cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev koom tes ntawm lub ras los yog subconscious siab ntawm kev cai yuav tsum tau muab faib xav rau cov zajlus kom thiab intuitive. Zajlus kom ua rau meej pem, cia li muaj kev conceptual lug thiab intuitive raws li nyob rau hauv lub nco cov tswv yim thiab cov duab saib.

Nyob rau hauv ib qhov teeb meem nyob qhov twg tus txheej txheem, cov pa txoj kev daws cov teeb meem tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim los tsim, muaj tswv yim xav hais tias muab tswv yim tshiab thiab cov kev daws. Qhov no novelty yuav ua tau lub hom phiaj (foundations los yog invention) los yog subjective, Yog hais tias ib tug neeg yog nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev xav tim khawv ib yam dab tsi uas yog twb qhib ua ntej nws, tab sis nws twb tsis paub.