Poet Yan Raynis: biography, nta muaj tswv yim, interesting tseeb

Yan Raynis - paub Latvian kws sau paj lug, distinguished txawj sau ntawv, txawj xav thiab politician, uas tau muaj ib tug zoo kawg rau lub tsim ntawm keeb kwm kev cai thiab lub teb chaws yog leejtwg ntawm cov neeg ntawm lawv lub teb chaws thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm tsim ntawm nws cov kev ywj pheej.

thaum yau

Janis Pliekshans (lub npe ntawm tus txawj sau ntawv, muab rau nws thaum yug los) yug Cuaj hlis 11, 1865 nyob rau hauv lub qub txeeg qub tes Tadenava - lub feem ntau tej thaj chaw deb ces kaum ntawm Latvia, nyob rau hauv Courland. Cov nyob ze kev cai center rau hauv thaj av no yog ib lub nroog uas shopkeepers, artisans, carpenters - Dinaburg (Daugavpils). Tus tub kawm mus soj ntsuam qhov; thaum ntxov thaum yau yaam puab paub zoo tshaj plaws nws nco txog lub caij ntuj sov, zoo nkauj ntsuab teb thiab xiav dej, winding hav zoov paths thiab lub hnub, zoo hwj chim thiab yog tseem muaj nyob rau hauv tus neeg sau txoj paj huam. Los ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm tib neeg tswv yim zoo txhim ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej txawj sau ntawv mus nrog nws niam, Darth Pliekshane, ntse poj niam thiab ua hauj lwm. Nws hu ib zaj heev, thiab Yan Raynis tswj kom sau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj.

Leej Txiv John yog ib tug heev muaj myiaj txiv neej - ib tug neeg pluag uas muaj peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej mus cuag ib tug ruaj khov nyiaj txiag qhov teeb meem no thiab muab ib qho zoo heev kawm rau koj tus menyuam. Los ntawm ib tug thaum ntxov thaum yau tus me nyuam tub yog paub nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab thiab German, tom qab kawm Latin thiab Fabkis. Nyob rau closer acquaintance nrog cov biography ntawm Janis nws yuav tseeb hais tias cov kws sau paj lug hais fluent kuj nyob rau hauv Lithuanian, Belarusian, Polish thiab Italian.

lub tsev kawm ntawv xyoo

Txij li thaum 1880, lub Rainis Yang mus kawm nyob rau Riga City lub tsev kawm ntawv, ces "chewed" granite science nyob rau ntawm St. Petersburg University nyob rau hauv lub kws qhia ntawv raws li txoj cai. Raws li Yang, cov kev cai lij choj profession nws tau xaiv, vim hais tias nws xav yuav tus nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub xeev, transforming nws nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo dua txoj kev. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no nws tau nyeem ib tug zoo deal; Cov no yog tej hauj lwm ntawm neeg sau ntawv ntawm antiquity (Aeschylus, Sophocles, Homer, Herodotus, Plutarch) thiab sau ntawv uas niaj hnub lub sij hawm (Shakespeare, Byron, Lermontov, Shelley, Heine, Pushkin). Parallel txhais zoo tej hauj lwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb classics.

Nws yog nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, tus menyuam txaj hauv lub revolutionary kws sau paj lug tau tsa tes siab rau lub proletariat thiab mus rau lub heev hnub kawg tau txais kev pab nws kev txaus siab.

journalistic kev ua ub no

Tomqab kawm tas, Yan Raynis, uas nws biography yog qhov kev kawm ntawm kev txaus siab rau nws countrymen, coj ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb: thawj nyob rau hauv Vilnius, ces nyob rau hauv Berlin, Panevezys, Jelgava. Tom qab tiv thaiv nws dissertation nyob rau hauv 1891, nws tau los ua ib tug neeg sib tw ntawm kev cai lij choj sciences, tab sis yooj yim haum goodbye rau ib tug pheej ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws lij choj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm Yan Raynis tiag xav nyob rau hauv nom tswv, yog fond ntawm kev sau ntawv ua hauj lwm, tau txais los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Dienas Lapa", raws li lawv kev txaus siab nyob ze rau qhov kev ywj pheej ntsuj plig. Hais tias editorial xyoo yog cov feem ntau fruitful lub sij hawm journalistic ua si Yana Raynisa. Cov kws sau paj lug sau paj huam, kev txheeb xyuas, kev txheeb xyuas ntawm kev nom kev tswv thiab polemical khoom, kuj yog ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab nrov sau xov xwm ntawm nws lub teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv exile

Poet Rainis Yang, uas nws biography yog ib txoj kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv, txawj tiv thaiv rau revolutionary tswv yim, rau li cas pheej tau nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev kaw neeg nyob rau hauv 1897. Nyob rau hauv 1899, lub kws sau paj lug twb exiled 5 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub Vyatka xeev - ib qho ntawm lub chaw zov me nyuam ntawm nom tswv exile, hu rau nws cov txom swamps thiab hla tsis tau tuab forests. Nws yog muaj, nyob rau hauv lub ntsig txog lub xeev Lavxias teb sab lub zos ntawm boiling sab ntsuj plig kev ua si Rainis luam tawm nws thawj sau los ntawm cov kwv huam "Lub deb echoes ntawm cov kob xiav tsaus ntuj" (1903), kom meej meej raws li nws cov artistic thiab sab ntsuj plig lus rau yuav luag 20 xyoo.

Thaum rov qab los tsev Rainis siv ob tsis tshua muaj neeg tsim xyoo ntawm lub neej. Los ntawm lub sij hawm lub kws sau paj lug yuav txiv rau ib tug naas ej poet Aspasia, nws yog 38 xyoo, thiab nws twb siab koom nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm thiab muaj tswv yim ua ub no. Yang ua ntau yam tshwm sim hauv cov rallies thiab cov rooj sib tham, coj ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv lub Congress ntawm lub Latvian cov xib fwb collaborated nrog lub Social Democrats, mus rau Moscow raws li ib tug delegate. Nrog Glee thiab kev xyiv fab kws sau paj lug reacted kom lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1905, uas coj ib tug ncaj qha ib feem.

Qhov loj tshaj accomplishment ntawm lub sij hawm no yog ib tug zoo nqe yeeb yam "Fire thiab hmo ntuj" - ib tug zoo ua hauj lwm ntawm Latvian ua yeeb yam.

Biography thiab sau rau hauv phau ntawv

Raynis Yan thiab nws tus poj niam tom qab lub yeej ntawm cov tub uprising nws emigrated mus rau Switzerland, kawm qhov twg nws nyob rau 15 xyoo. Hais tias qhov no lub teb chaws kws sau paj lug hu ua nws ob lub tsev. Ntawm no yog lub ntiaj teb no pom xws tej hauj lwm ntawm tus sau li "End thiab cov Beginning", "ntsiag to Phau Ntawv", "Tshiab Force", "Cov neeg uas tsis hnov qab", "Daugava", "Tshuab, Cua", "Hluav Taws thiab hmo ntuj", "Yauxej thiab nws cov kwv tij "," Golden nees ". Plays thiab kwv huam Raina los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws piv txwv ntawm cov paj huam nyob rau hauv Latvia, yav tas los hnav ib theem cim thiab raws li lub German ntaub ntawv.

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Thaum rov qab mus rau twb ywj siab Latvia, qhov uas nws thiab nws tus poj niam, muaj ntau tus neeg greeted li lub teb chaws heroes, Yan Raynis sau qee "Ilya Muromets" thiab ces luam tawm ib phau ntawv paj huam "Tsib Sketchbooks ntawm Dagda." Tom qab koj siv tas 9 xyoo ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv Riga, lub kws sau paj lug coj ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv nom tswv lub neej, nws tau raug xaiv los mus rau lub Constituent los ua ke ntawm Latvia, nws yog ib tug ntawm cov sau phau ntawv ntawm cov kevcai tswj lub teb chaws thiab txawm kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub thawj tswj haiv neeg, uas yog poob lawm. Los ntawm 1921 mus 1925 nws ua hauj lwm raws li tus thawj coj ntawm lub Moscow Art Theatre. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm theem hauj lwm twb nkag los rau hauv lub National Theatre thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Rainis. Los ntawm 1926 mus 1928, Yan Raynis tau txais kev pab raws li Minister of Education, thiab nyob rau hauv 1925 tau txais lub siab tshaj plaws puav pheej ntawm lub teb chaws - qhov kev txiav txim ntawm peb hnub qub 1 degree.

Lub neej ntawm lub Latvian kws sau paj lug tsoo nyob rau hauv Jurmala, 12 Cuaj hlis 1929. Yan Raynis tshuav mam li nco dheev, tawm hauv lub archival cov ntaub ntawv rau ntau tshaj ib puas daim ntawm tsis tiav. Faus ntiaj teb no-nrov txawj sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub New Cemetery, tom qab ntawd muaj npe tom qab nws. Nyob rau hauv 1943, Jan raug faus ntawm ib sab nws tus poj niam, Aspasia.

Plays Yana Raynisa muab tso rau hauv theem ntawm theaters tsis tsuas Latvian, tab sis kuj rau tag nrho cov ntiaj chaw, thiab nws cov paj huam, luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub tshiab translations, yuav siv sij hawm tsheej lab ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv.