Ppm - qhov no yog ntau npaum li cas? Yuav ua li cas yog lub pub tus nqi ntawm dej cawv nyob rau hauv cov ntshav nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm ib lab?

Ppm - ib chav tsev ntawm kev txiav txim rau qhov nyiaj ntawm cov cawv nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Ib chav tsev ntawm ppm yog ib tug thousandth ntawm ib yam khoom los ntawm ib feem kaum ntawm ib tug feem pua kua. Muaj yog ib tug tseem ceeb sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm tus txiv neej thiab poj niam nyob rau hauv cov cim ntawm qhov ntsuas. Ppm - qhov no yog ntau npaum li cas? Lo lus nug no yog ib yam uas txaus siab rau ntau yam.

Identification muab xam

Kos npe rau ppm raws li nram no - ‰. Nws yog feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog cov feem pua cim, uas yog ib tug yuam kev.

• 1 ‰ = 0,1% = 1/1000 = 0,001.
• 100 ‰ = 10% = 0.1.
• 200 ‰ = 200/1000 = 20% = 0.2.

Tom qab 30 feeb tom qab haus nyob rau hauv tib neeg yuav ntes lub siab tshaj plaws concentration ntawm haus dej cawv.

Ppm - ib qho kev ntsuas uas muab cov lus qhia txog:

• cawv ntsiab lus hauv ib lub sij hawm;
• ntau hom dej haus ntim;
• lub sij hawm yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias dej cawv yog rho tawm ntawm lub cev.

Cov tshwm sim yuav nyob ntawm seb lub nram qab no tsis:

• hnyav, pw ua niam txiv, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg;
• feem pua kua raws li qhov nyhav ntawm tib neeg lub cev;
• cawv volume, uas tau txais.

Yog li ntawd ppm - qhov no yog ntau npaum li cas?

theem ntawm intoxication

theem ntawm intoxication sib txawv nyob ntawm seb tus cawv noj. Tus thawj yog yus muaj los ntawm tsuas yog ib lub me ntsis qaug cawv, qhov nruab nrab heev yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub thib ob, mob degree ntawm intoxication tshwm nyob rau hauv lub thib peb theem. Cov theem kawg yog txoj sia vim hais tias nws muaj peev xwm tsim coma thiab tuag taus.

Ib tug tuag koob tshuaj yuav ua rau ib tug neeg:

• 4-8 c. ethyl cawv ib 1 kg ntawm lub cev hnyav rau ib tug neeg laus tib neeg;
• 3 c. ib 1 kg ntawm qhov ceeb thawj cov tub ntxhais hluas, cov muaj mob thiab cov neeg laus.

Tom ntej no tham feem pua ntawm cov ethanol nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm txhua theem:

• mus txog 0.3% - cawv yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv;
• 0.3-0.5% - tus yog es tsis muaj zog;
• 0.5-1.5% - txhais tau tias me ntsis degree;
• 1.5-2.5% - nruab nrab degree;
• 2.5-3% - muaj zog kauj ruam;
• 3-5% - hnyav theem, thaum lub sij hawm uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim coma thiab tuag taus thiab;
• 5-6% - yog ib tug tuag lawm.

Ppm, uas tso cai rau

Yuav ua li cas yog tso cai rau ib Mille? Qhov no yog tus nqi uas txawm tso cai tsav tsheb.

Thaum dab tsi ntau npaum li cas ntawm dej cawv noj tsheb yuav muaj kev ruaj ntseg? Tus cwj pwm thiab tus neeg tsav tsheb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav sib txawv nyob ntawm seb lub ib Mille:

• 0.1-0.6 ppm. Tsiv teeb qhov chaw yog pom vaguely. Tsis ntsuam xyuas qhov teeb meem no. Style ntawm kev tsav tsheb yuav pheej hmoo ua, ceev feem ntau tshaj cov permissible txwv, tus neeg tsav tsheb yuav ua mob lwm tus.
• 0.6-0.9 ppm. Kev luj xyuas kev mus tsis txaus tshwm sim, ib tug kwv yees ntawm qhov teeb meem no yog ib qhov nyuaj. Teeb pom kev zoo, deb, lub teeb liab lwm yam tsheb thiab cov tsheb teeb tus neeg tsav tsheb tsis tau txaus menyuam.
• 0.9-1.3 ppm. Haus yog relaxing. Muaj yog ib tug yuav txo tau ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm view, cov tsis muaj zog thiab tsis ncaj ncees lawm xaav ntawm kev muaj tiag. Mloog yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv kiag li, ib tug high degree ntawm intoxication ua rau cov neeg tsav tsheb ib tug txaus ntshai rau lwm tus neeg thiab rau kuv tus kheej zoo li.
• 1.3-2.5 ppm. Preservation ntawm nco qab yog ib qhov nyuaj, rau tsav ib lub tsheb yog tsis tawm ntawm cov nqe lus nug. Qhov muag plooj tsis pom kev, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, orientation rau hauv qhov chaw.

Tso ppm yog 0.1 units los yog tsawg dua.

Cov tsos mob ntawm intoxication

Ib tug neeg yog suav tias yog qaug dej qaug cawv yog hais tias muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej yam tshwm sim. Lawv yog:

• muaj zog tsis hnov tsw cawv ntawm lub qhov ncauj;
• tsis ruaj tsis khov hwj tau lub cev, qhia trembling ntiv tes;
• hais lus tsis meej, coj tus cwj pwm tsis conforming rau ib puag ncig;
• ceev cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij xim (liab, blanching);
• ntse tsis ncaj ncees lawm lub zog, kev coj cwj pwm.

Yuav ua li cas los mus txiav txim ppm tso cai thaum haus cawv?

Piv ntawm ppm nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thiab cov tsos mob tus cwj pwm ntawm tej theem ntawm intoxication yog raws li nram no.

Nyob rau theem ntawm 0,010-0,030 cawv yog ib tug cwj pwm coj nrog nraim mob uas qhia txog tsuas tej khoom, xws intoxication theem yog suav tias yog me me.

Thaum lub theem ntawm cov cawv 0,031-0,060 tus cwj pwm yog yus muaj los ntawm me me kev zoo siab, talkative, so, txo nyob rau hauv cov theem ntawm kev khi nrog poob concentration yuav yooj yim intoxication nruab nrab.

Nyob rau theem ntawm dej cawv 0,061-0,1 tus cwj pwm txawv extroversion, dulling tag nrho nov ntawm nqaij tawv, muaj zog disinhibition, impaired xaav thiab kev xav, yog ib tug neeg txom nyem teb ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv mus rau lub teeb, nws tseem yog ib qho nruab nrab degree ntawm intoxication.

Nyob rau theem ntawm dej cawv 0,11-0,2 tus cwj pwm txawv frenzy, npau taws, muaj zog tus cwj pwm txawv hloov, expressiveness, ua txhaum reflexes, articulate hais lus, tswj tus cwj pwm, lub cev muaj zog cov kev txawj, intoxication muaj tshwm sim nrog ib tug high school cov muaj tseeb, nrog ib tug muaj zog degree ntawm intoxication.

Nyob rau theem ntawm dej cawv 0,21-0,30 tus cwj pwm txawv stupor, qhov tshwm sim rau tsis nco qab, weakening tag nrho cov ncus, impaired kev nco, nco qab, lub cev muaj zog cov kev txawj, theem ntawm intoxication yog loj heev, tshwm sim lom.

Thaum cov theem ntawm 0,31-0,40 tus cwj pwm yog yus muaj los ntawm tsis nco qab, tus muaj zog inhibition ntawm lub hauv paus poob siab system yuav tshwm sim tuag ua txhaum tswj, lub plawv dhia, kev ua pa, equilibrium tshwm sim intoxication nrog muaj zog intoxication.

Nyob rau theem ntawm 0,41-0,51 tus cwj pwm yus tsis nco qab, tejzaum nws tuag, tswj yog poob, tawg ua tsis taus pa, palpitations, muaj yog nystagmus, qaug zog, txaus ntshai rau tib neeg lub neej.

Nyob rau theem ntawm ntau tshaj 0,51 los cov lusteb lom ntawm lub cev nrog ib tug neeg tuag taus tshwm sim.

Tuag koob tshuaj: Puas muaj ib tug yooj yim cov lus teb?

Ppm - ib qho kev ntsuas, kogotory yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim tuag koob tshuaj.

Nyob rau hauv txhua tus neeg cov ntaub ntawv nws cov nuj nqis txawv. Txawm tus kws kho mob yog ib qhov nyuaj rau kom meej meej txhais. Yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas cawv koj yuav haus dej haus, thiab ntau npaum li cas yog twb txaus ntshai rau tib neeg?

Nyob rau hauv cov xov tooj, cov nuj nqis peb twb xam tau tias yog. 6-8 ppm units yuav tuag koob tshuaj rau ib tug neeg laus neeg, 2.5 ppm qhia muaj zog intoxication. Tab sis nws yog ntau yooj yim rau qhov nruab nrab neeg yuav tau xav txog nyob rau hauv liters.

Yog li ntawd ppm tus nqi yog paub.

Yog hais tias koj haus dej haus ib lub raj mis uas vodka neeg laus, koj tau cia li 2.5 ppm. Thiab yog hais tias koj noj peb fwj ntawm ib tug ntim ntawm ib nrab ib liter, ces nws yuav tsum yog ib tug ua tuag lawm. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias yuav siv lub cawv ib tug neeg yuav tsum rau txog ib teev. Tab sis, yog hais tias koj siv zog lub cawv rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau ib tug khoom noj txom ncauj thiab nquag zog, kev tuag tsis yog tsuas yog lub muaj zog intoxication.

Cov kua txiv hmab thiab npias weaker concentration ntawm haus dej cawv. Yog xav tau ib tug tuag koob tshuaj, koj yuav tsum tau haus ib tug ntau. Nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov dej haus los ib tug tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntuav, yog li ib co ntawm cov cawv tawm ntawm lub cev yog tso tawm. Cov tuag koob tshuaj nyob ntawm tus luj, hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv, thiab tus kab mob.

Yog li, lub ppm - yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm cov ntshav dej cawv concentration, ib tug heev tuav taw qhia.