Propylene glycol - yog dab tsi? Tshuaj zog, siv cov

Ib qho ntawm feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub kom hniav zoo nkauj, naj hoom thiab khoom noj khoom haus industries, raws li zoo raws li cov kev kheej yog ib tug organic tshuaj teej tug mus rau alcohols. Nws lub npe - propylene glycol. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Xav txog cov khoom, molecular qauv thiab cov kev siv ntawm no compound nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Propylene glycol - yog dab tsi?

Qhov no dialcohol neeg pib siv sai li sai tau raws li lawv pom dab tsi pab tau thiab tseem ceeb zog nws muaj. Externally nws txawv me ntsis los ntawm ethanol los yog glycerol, raws li zoo raws li ib tug cov kua ntshiab ntshiab. Txawm li cas los, nws viscosity yog siab tshaj ethanol, tab sis tsawg dua li uas ntawm glycerol. Raws li nws cov toxicity nws yog ntau npaum li cas ua tsis tau zoo mus rau qhov ze tus neeg nyob ze nyob rau hauv ib tug homologous series - ethylene glycol.

Yog hais tias ethanediol - ib tug muaj zog tshuaj lom, lub propylene glycol - tsis muaj. Cov kev siv ntawm cov khoom no yog raws li nyob rau hauv nws lub cev thiab tshuaj zog. Yog hais tias peb piav me ntsis txog lub ntsiab sectors nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog propylene glycol, daim ntawv thov yuav tsum qhia tias nyob rau hauv ob peb lub sectors ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag.

1. Tshuaj kev lag luam.
2. Aircraft thiab lub tsheb siv.
3. Roj thiab cov nkev kev lag luam.
4. Xim thiab cov kua roj vanish kev lag luam.
5. Kom hniav zoo nkauj thiab perfumery kev lag luam.
6. Khoom noj khoom haus Qhuav.
7. Kev teb ntawm kev ua si.
8. Tshuaj.

Nws yog pom tseeb tias peb xav ib yam khoom uas yog ib tug tseem ceeb tshuaj raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab ib qho tseem ceeb lub hom phiaj rau lub qub lawm thiab lag luam los ntawm ntau yam lug. Uas yog vim li cas zus tau tej cov khoom yuav tsum tau xam nyob rau hauv tons ib xyoos twg. Nws xa khoom thiab tuaj txawv teb chaws nruab nrab ntawm ob lub teb chaws tseem nqa tawm kev koom. Yuav luag txhua txhua daim teb ntawm kev ua si thiab zus tau tej muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev siv ntawm ib yam khoom xws li propylene glycol. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Yuav ua li cas yog nws tshuaj qauv, mis thiab cov khoom? Peb yuav soj ntsuam ntxiv.

Cov mis thiab cov molecule

Muaj ntau ntau variants ntawm cov qauv uas koj yuav qhia tsis tau tsuas yog cov zoo thiab ntau pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub molecule, tab sis qhov kev txiav txim ntawm atomic bonds nyob rau hauv nws, uas yog, cov qauv ntawm cov teeb meem.

1. Molecular los yog empirical. Raws li qhov no mis yuav raug txiav txim nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov compound. Propylene glycol yuav tshwm sim raws li C ₃ H ₈ O _2. Tab sis xws li ib cov ntaub ntawv tsis muab tau twv seb lub zog ntawm ib yam khoom, vim hais tias qhov kev txiav txim ntawm atomic tsis paub hais tias.
2. Lub condensed yam ntxwv mis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub propylene muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj tib lub mis tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj ob hom: 1,2 - propanediol CH ₂ OH-CHOH-CH _3, thiab 1,3-propanediol CH ₂ OH-CH ₂ -CH ₂ OH. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub functional ib pawg influences lub reactivity ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Ntawm lawv tus kheej lub ob lug - isomers.
   
3. Tag nrho cov yam ntxwv mis. Nws qhia tau hais tias txhua daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv ib tug qauv, xws li ib tug compound ntawm cov pa roj carbon thiab hydrogen. Lub propylene glycol tag nrho mus ib sigma-hom, yog li los sawv cev rau tag nrho cov kev txiav txim zoo ntawm cov qauv tsis.

Raws li ib tug yooj yim tshuaj propylene - ib tug ua kua uas yog ib tug racemic sib tov ntawm ob kho qhov muag isomeric lug. Qhov no yog vim lub asymmetric carbon atom nyob rau hauv ib cov saw. Yog li ntawd, ib tug rotates lub dav hlau ntawm polarized teeb rau sab xis thiab lwm tus sab laug. Txawm li cas los, lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw raws li ib tug tag nrho yog yuav luag tsis muaj cov nyhuv.

Lub cev thaj chaw ntawm lub substance

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub cev tsis, 100% propylene glycol muaj cov nram qab yam ntxwv.

1. Tsis muaj kob kua, tuab, khov, muaj ib tug txhais li cas density nqi.
2. Nyob rau palate, sweetish, tsw meej.
3. Nws yog ib tug zoo kuab rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm zoo siv tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawm tshuaj.
4. Sam propylene glycol yog soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab haus dej haus cawv thiab phem - nyob rau hauv benzene thiab ether.
5. Lub ib kub npau npau taw tes ntawm - 45.5 ⁰ C ntawm qub siab. tus nqi tsub kom nrog ua siab.
6. Nws muaj ib tug high degree ntawm hygroscopicity.
7. Nws exhibits tsawg xeb muaj peev xwm ua.

Tej lub zog thiab txiav txim seb lub ntsiab teb ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Tom qab propanediol tau mitigate cov khoom nruab nrab cuab cua ya raws thiab khi nws, tej tus kub ntawm tshuaj, dispersing surrounding compound. Yog li ntawd, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ua noj.

tshuaj zog

Los ntawm qhov seem yus pom ntawm reactivity, 1,3-propylene glycol yog ntau reactive isomer. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog muaj peev xwm mus polymerize. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, muaj ntau ntau loj tshua tau mus rau hauv lub dihydric haus dej cawv.

1. Esterification. Nrog organic thiab inorganic acids yog reacted kom tsim esters.
2. Los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog alkali muab glycolates, tib yam li muaj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sis raug zoo nrog cov alkali hlau.
3. Peev xwm ntawm lub cev qhuav dej nrog lub tsim ntawm aldehydes, allylic alcohols dimetildioksanov thiab lwm yam khoom.
4. Dehydrogenation tshua ua rau tus tsim ntawm acetol, aldehydes, acids.
5. Cov oxidation yog nrog los ntawm cov tsim ntawm molecules ntawm acetone, propionaldehyde, lactic acid, formaldehyde thiab lwm yam sib txuas.

Kev siv cov no substance nyob rau hauv lub lag luam yog suav tias yog muaj kev ruaj ntseg rau cov ib puag ncig. Tseeb, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm stepwise lwj molecule tsim cia li dej thiab carbon dioxide. Tus txheej txheem yog raws li nram no:

• propylene glycol;
• lactic acid;
• PVK (pyruvic acid) ;
• dej;
• carbon dioxide.

Nws yog yog li ntawd pom tias tau siv no kev twb kev txuas rau ntau lub hom phiaj: ob kev thiab cov zaub mov thiab kom hniav zoo nkauj.

Toxicity los ntawm lub cev thiab

Propylene glycol - dab tsi yog nws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tej yam nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev? Heev heev cov kev tshawb fawb thiab thwmsim tau hais tias cov ncaj tej yam tsis zoo nyob rau hauv nyob ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob, qhov no compound tsis muaj. Tsis ua voos thiab liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tsis noog nyob rau hauv daim siab thiab ob lub raum, raws li so txawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev mus rau lawv.

Sim kawm rau nas uas ntim ib hnub propylene glycol, muaj pov thawj hais tias nws tsis muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev kho mob thiab lub neej nyob beings. Txawm li cas los, Yog hais tias ib tug ntev lub sij hawm siv cov khoom thiab npaj muaj loj nyiaj ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw, yuav raug kev txom nyem lub raum, lawv ua hauj lwm thiab kev ncaj ncees yuav tau nyom. Tab sis qhov no yuav tsum tau noj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm yeej tseem zoo dawb huv 100% propylene glycol, uas yog ntawm cov hoob kawm tsis yooj yim sua.

Yog li ntawd, kev siv dej cawv nyob rau hauv lub kom hniav zoo nkauj, naj hoom thiab lag luam ua noj pub raws li cov kev cai thiab cov kev tswj. Lub tsuas tej yam tsis zoo nws yuav muaj nyob rau cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm daim tawv nqaij cov kab mob, dermatitis, eczema thiab complex ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev tsis haum tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws tsis pom zoo kom siv cream, tshuaj pleev, zawv plaub hau thiab lwm yam khoom uas muaj cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw.

Manufacturing Kev lag luam

Tshuaj zog cia propylene kom tau propylene oxide los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob ntawm kub (200 ⁰ C) thiab siab (1.6 MPa). Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus cov khoom uas peb cia li khoom xyaw:

• propylene glycol;
• glycol;
• tripropylene.

Rau ntxiv zauv thiab sib cais txoj kev mus rau lub tshwj xeeb daws kom tiav kiag yog siv. Lub tiav lawm khoom muaj ib tug high purity nqi (99%), thiab yog li ntawd tam sim ntawd npaj rau siv. Khoom noj khoom haus propylene glycol undergoes ntxiv ua, cia lub sij hawm uas mus txog rau ob xyoos.

Siv raws li dej ntsuab

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov dej cawv yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam raws li lub tshav kub cab kuj. Propylene glycol tej zaum yuav siv nyob rau hauv teploustanovkah nyob rau hauv lub kub ntau los ntawm -40 ⁰ C rau 108 ⁰ C. Ntxiv mus, nws tsis tshua muaj xeb muaj peev xwm tso cai rau kom muaj cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd propanediol yog siv rau:

• cua sov;
• txias ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm vaj tse;
• cua;
• Cua txias zaub mov.

Siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce

Lub peev xwm ntawm lub substance mus ntes thiab khi dej, dispersed, kev txhim kho kev ntxhib los mos, tsw molecules nqa underlies nws siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab perfumery industries. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov uas tsis muaj reactivity thiab kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ecology, cov tshuaj kuj txiav txim cov kev xaiv ntawm no tivthaiv yog los tsim cream, zawv plaub hau, pastes, tshuaj pleev thiab lwm yam khoom.

Muaj ntau ntau cov tuam txhab uas muaj yuav propylene glycol. Nqe nyob rau hauv lub concentration ntawm cov khoom thiab tus nqi ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. Nws yog hom twg los ntawm 150 mus 170 rubles ib kilogram.

Cov kev siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam

Nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ua noj propylene glycol lub npe hu ua E1520. Nws yog ib tug tswv cuab uas muaj ntau cov khoom uas yog pasty, creamy taub hau thiab khoom confectionery. Nws txoj hauj lwm - dispersion, softening, cua txias, Canning.