Putorana Reserve. Reserves ntawm lub Krasnoyarsk Territory

Nyob Putoransky State Xwm Reserve nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw ntawm lub Taimyr Autonomous District - Khatanga thiab Dudinka, thiab kuj nyob rau hauv lub Evenk Autonomous Okrug, nyob rau hauv Ilim cheeb tsam. Reserve Center yuav siv sij hawm full Putoransky roob system. Kev tiv thaiv pawg neeg thaj av muaj ib tug tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm txog 1.8 Zeb. Hectares.

Qhov no tsis zoo noj muaj xws li niaj hnub no 3 cordon: Dyupkun lub pas dej, lub pas dej thiab lub pas dej Aub Manumakli. Thiab 2 lub tsev kho mob rau cov kev tshawb fawb hom phiaj: lub pas dej thiab lub pas dej Ayan Kutaramakan.

Keeb kwm cia

Putorana Reserve (daim ntawv qhia saum toj no) twb tsim los ntawm lub zeem cia ntawm lub tib lub npe xwb nyob rau hauv 1988, txawm lub fact tias cov nqe lus nug ntawm nws lub koom haum xam tau tias yog rov qab nyob rau hauv 1970. Nyob rau hauv 2001, muaj ib tug tseem ceeb kev tshwm sim - lub zeem cia tau nominated rau tus txheej xwm, uas entitles nws yuav tsum tau nrog ib tug ntawm lub ntuj thiab kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub UNESCO ntiaj teb no lub koom haum.

Putoransky cia: kev nyab xeeb

Nyob rau hauv Putoransky kev nyab xeeb cia raws sharply continental kub uas muaj amplitude. Qhov no xam yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ntawm 100 ° C, thiab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb - 86 ° C. Ncov qaumteb qabteb hnub kav 74 hnub (16 Tej zaum - 29 Lub Xya hli ntuj), thiab cov ncov qaumteb qabteb hmo ntuj - 56 hnub (25 Kaum ib hlis - 13 Lub ib hlis ntuj).

Nyob rau Putoransky toj siab yog kom meej meej heev pom geographic zoning tsis tau hais tias hais txog lwm cov cheeb tsam ntawm Russia. Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub toj siab tsim nws ua hauj lwm, ho txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej, txawm lub fact tias lub cheeb tsam muaj tib geological thiab morphological qauv. Toj siab yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm longitude thiab latitude ntawm tej yam ntuj tso chaw. Rau lub yav qab teb ib sab yog yus muaj los ntawm tsis kub tsis txias thiab subarctic kev nyab xeeb aav, uas txhais tau hais tias tso cai ntawm lub ciam teb yog lub ntsiab ob hom toj roob hauv pes txog rau lub siab tshaj plaws taxonomic plaws.

tib neeg kev ua ub no

Putoransky roob system, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias peb tham txog nws lub yav qab teb, sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj qhov chaw, siv nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm zoo heev lub hauv paus txawm cov neeg ntawm lub cheeb tsam rau tus cwj pwm ntawm kev nuv ntses, yos hav zoov thiab reindeer husbandry. Tej txoj kev ntawm kev siv cov natural resources, tsoos rau lub Far North, raug rau tag nrho cov sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev nyob rau hauv tus muaj thiab fauna ntawm lub roob toj siab. Heev kom meej meej no anthropogenic tej yam cuam tshuam rau kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm heev lam tau lam ua hom, hais tias ua ntej thiab foremost yog hais txog ib tug neeg nyob Putoransky Bighorn yaj.

Cov tsis zoo feem ntawm tib neeg kev ua si

Nyob rau hauv Putoransky Reserve charming qus xwm ntawm Russia yeej tsis tau ib tug muaj zog tib neeg feem, uas tso cai rau ib ncig ntawm lub nyob ntiaj teb tshuav luag lawm. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no ntawm tib neeg kev ua si yog manifested xwb nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm hauv paus txawm neeg nuv ntses, yos hav zoov thiab reindeer herding.

Cuaj kaum, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tej yam uas ho tsis tus xov tooj ntawm lub zos endemics - Putoransky Bighorn yaj, me ntsis tsawg tshaj li cov pejxeem los ua moose, qus reindeer, wolverines, weasels, sables, cov hma liab thiab hma.

Muaj qhauj nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam me ntsis. Ntawm lawv, lub ntsiab yam khoom, uas muaj feem xyuam rau qhov xwm ntawm tus lwm tus kev txuag cheeb tsam tsis zoo, yog cov coob tsuas thiab metallurgical complex, nyob rau hauv Norilsk. Nws yog tsis deb ntawm lub thaj ciam teb Putorana Reserve, kwv yees li 150-200 kilometers deb. Nws koom nyob rau hauv ib tug enterprise tsuas nws yog xim hlau ores thiab co, thiaj li muaj yog ib txwm muaj lub moj cua emissions uas muaj oxides ntawm hnyav hlau, sulfur, carbon thiab hmoov av.

Tag nrho cov no yog ib tug heev tej yam tsis zoo nyob rau hauv qhov thiab thaum kawg ua rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ib feem ntawm yuav ua li cas Putorana Reserve thiab tsis zoo noj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tej yam uas muaj emissions rau lub zos cov nroj tsuag, thaum lawv muaj tub ceev xwm tsis ua lawv tus kheej kev tshawb fawb. Muaj yog tsis tau kiag li caij nyoog loj ntawm cov cheeb tsam uas yog raug rau teeb meem muaj emissions. Raws li ib co sij hawm luag kev kwv yees ntawm kev ua hauj lwm tsuas thiab metallurgical Muab nyob rau hauv Norilsk adversely muaj feem xyuam rau txog 1/10 square Putorana Reserve thiab 1/3 ntawm cov tsis zoo noj.

tej yam ntuj tso kev zoo nkauj

Lub zeem cia yog ib tug central ntuj yam khoom xam tau tias yog Putorana loj heev toj siab, uas npog thaj hais txog 2.5 lab hectares. Nyob rau hauv Central Siberia yog pom tias yuav yuav lub biggest cuab basalt toj siab. Cov yav tas los Soviet Union muaj tsis pom qhov twg lwm tus no hom ntawm nyem. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv lub toj siab nyiaj txiag kev ua ub no tsis nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm puas tau.

Hydrological khoom yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia raug kaw dej basins - Khatanga Pyasina thiab loj tshaj plaws - Yenisei.

Puritan Reserve muaj ntau waterfalls uas muab nws zoo kawg zoo nkauj. Ntawm no yog lub siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub dej tsaws tsag Russia (108 meters).

Heev heev pas dej Putorana Reserve nto moo rau nws cov cim thiab kuj zoo kawg tob, tsis pub dhau 180-420 meters.

nroj tsuag

Nyob rau hauv Putoransky cia qhov twg cov tsiaj qus Russia yog qhia nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov hwjchim ci ntsa iab, muaj 398 ntau dua cov nroj tsuag, ris rau 61% ntawm tag nrho cov muaj ntawm hauv toj siab. Cov lawv nws muaj nqis ntsoov teev cov tsis tshua muaj nroj tsuag xws li poppy belovoloskovy, txhais khau khiab pom, Rhodiola rosea thiab ntiaj teb-Neeg Esxias. Tseem muaj teb Putorana - yeeb yuj poppy, marigold thiab lig oxytrope Putoransky cov teb roob systems Byrranga thiab Putoran - fescue ushkovataya thiab teb mus rau lub Siberian sab qaum teb hais dandelion longhorned, oxytrope Taimyr thiab Sitnic ntev-nosed.

Av tsiaj

Putorana Reserve koom siab ua ke vertebrates taiga, tundra, hav zoov thiab lwm yam ntau cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub roob. Toj siab yog lub sab qaum teb ciam ntawm lub tsev uas muaj ntau hom, xws li sable, lynx, squirrels dog dig, elk, goshawk, hav zoov Lemmings, grouse, capercaillie pob zeb thiab zoo tib yam, woodpeckers, txwv tsis pub plas, lag ntseg thiab cuckoo, ntau hom passerine, Kulikova thiab lwm yam tsiaj.

Qhov no cheeb tsam yog lub sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm Central Siberia yog ib tug loj ua zes dawb-tailed dav dawb hau thiab lub lib nyug. Mus rau sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm zes Me Curlew thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub toj siab Putorana nyob feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem Putoransky Bighorn yaj. Nws yog ib lub tsev mus rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm bears, hma thiab wolverines, ua si nyob rau hauv lub zos biocenoses ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm.

Cim thiab heev striking phenomenon Putoransky cov tsiaj qus zeem cia yog xam tau tias yog caij nyoog tsiv teb tsaws ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsiaj qus reindeer. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov khiav kev ntawm qhov chaw yog Putoransky toj siab los ntawm kev uas kis tau yuav luag tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm lub Taimyr reindeer (txog 450-480 txhiab tib neeg). Nyob rau hauv toj siab thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo lawv yog hais txog 5-6 lub hlis. Dhau lub theej nqaim ntug ntawm nruab nrab ntawm 100 thiab 150 kilometers, yog li ntawd nws yog tau los xaus hais tias muaj yog ib tug thiaj li hu ua tsiv teb tsaws channel transmissive txhua xyoo rau 220 txhiab tus tsiaj qus reindeer.

Amphibians: Siberian salamander

Nws yog ib lub xwb tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv ntawm amphibians, hais ntawm Putoransky toj siab. Cov raug daim ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab taiga cheeb tsam, ntau mus rau lub sab qaum teb cheeb tsam mus rau lub hav zoov-tundra tsam, yuav luag mus rau nws sab qaum teb ciam teb rau lwm. Cuaj kaum Siberian salamander yog tsis tshua muaj heev rau sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub Krasnoyarsk ncig thiab yog feem ntau pom xwb nyob rau hauv lub qaum nce mus txog rau ntawm tus dej Stony Tunguska nyob rau hauv ntoo thuv forests.

Nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm Putorana Reserve no amphibian hom sab nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1982 nyob rau hauv lub pas dej Harpicha. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev nrhiav nws tus kheej Siberian salamander nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov plaub tib neeg nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm Putoransky roob nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 481 meters nws yog ib tug tseem ceeb heev txoj kev loj hlob thiab nruab nrab yog ib tug kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm zoogeography.

Teb rau hauv lub zeem cia - Putoransky Bighorn yaj

Putorana Reserve yog cov tsuas cheeb tsam inhabited los ntawm ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj me ntsis paub cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no - Putoransky Bighorn yaj, los yog Bighorn. Nws tseem ceeb no raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib subspecies, thiab yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv ntawm lub Soviet Union, thiab tam sim no Russia. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm qhov chaw nyob - center cheeb tsam Putoransky roob, nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm pua pua ntawm kilometers ntawm lub tsev cheeb tsam lwm subspecies daus yaj.

Waterworld Putorana

Nyob rau hauv Putoransky cia nyob rau hauv qhov dej ntawm tus dej ntws yog pom 36 hom ntses. Nws yog sau tseg no muaj ntau yam teb hom, xws li Grayling, whitefish thiab char ntses. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tau kawm kom deb li deb yog tsis txaus, tsis txhob txiav txim rau lawv raws li txoj cai taxonomic. Lub xub ntiag ntawm ntau intraspecific ntaub ntawv ntau tsub kom muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov ntses kev txuag cheeb tsam.

Lub ntsiab kev tiv thaiv hom kab

Cov tsiaj feem ntau zoo guarded nram qab no: Collared lemming, Bighorn yaj, elk, ermine, Caribou, musk-nas, sable, lynx, xim av dais. Ntawm noog - liaj, lesser dawb, dav plas, dawb-tailed dav dawb hau, lub bearded plas, capercaillie ntau thiab pob zeb, dub crane, goshawk, Swan me me.

Feem ntau cov kev tiv thaiv cov hom ntses uas muaj tuaj Siberian Grayling, whitefish, whitefish thiab char Ussurijskim Arctic, thiab raws li rau amphibians, lub salamander yog kev tiv thaiv xwb Siberian.

Reserves ntawm lub Krasnoyarsk Territory

Tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub Krasnoyarsk thaj av ntawd muaj xya xwm reserves. Ministry of Natural Resources thiab Ecology ntawm Russia txiav txim siab mus koom Krasnoyarsk reserves tau ua nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj xyoo tas los. Putoransky, Taimyr, Great Arctic Xwm Reserve Krasnoyarsk Territory tau ua ke.

Taimyr reserves muaj ib tug ntau ntawm neeg mus ncig tebchaws attractions. Nws lub pas dej, gorges, plateaus thiab roob tsua. Dua li ntawm qhov remoteness ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib yog tas li loj hlob. Cov kev tswj muaj Taimyr tau tsim hauv qab no tej yaam num ntawm neeg mus ncig tebchaws excursions: ib puag ncig, kev tshwm sim, kev kawm thiab ethno-tourism.