Qhuav ntawm cov kua rau e-luam yeeb li ib tug ua lag ua luam. Dej rau hauv yeeb Lavxias teb sab ntau lawm

Tam sim no lub neej yog nce cov zaub mov flavorings siv. Feem ntau, lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv khoom noj xws li mov ci, hnyuv ntxwm, cheese thiab butter. Txawm li cas los, muaj mob thaum lub flavors yog pom nyob rau hauv uas tsis yog-zaub mov lag luam (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub tsheb lag luam), tsev neeg tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce (zawv plaub hau, cream los yog tshuaj txhuam hniav). Yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm no tsab xov xwm, peb pib sib tham txog cov flavors? Tom qab tag nrho cov no ua cov pib kawm siv kua ntau lawm rau hauv yeeb.

ntsiab Cheebtsam

Lub ntsiab Cheebtsam uas comprise cov kua rau hauv yeeb Lavxias teb sab siv - propylene glycol, glycerine, distilled dej, khoom noj khoom haus flavors thiab nicotine.

Tag nrho cov Cheebtsam yog lug siv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab nyob rau hauv tus neeg ua lag luam. Cia peb nyob rau ib txhia ntawm lawv.

Propylene glycol yog ib tug tsis muaj kob, khov kua nrog ib tug es tsis muaj zog, zoo imperceptible tsw thiab Sweet saj. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias cov tshuaj yog uas tsis yog-tshuaj lom thiab nqus nws lub caij nyoog hauv tsis ua lom. Cov zaub mov kev lag luam siv propilenlikol li humectant, emollient thiab ib tug Dispersing neeg sawv cev.

Glycerin kuj yog ib tug noj haus ntxiv, uas yog tso cai nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws. Qhov no feem tej zaum yuav muaj xws li ib tug stabilizer pab pawg neeg. Nws muaj cov cuab yeej khaws cia thiab ua rau kom cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm viscosity ntawm ntau yam khoom noj khoom.

Cov zaub mov kev lag luam muaj nyob rau kev siv raws li cov emulsifier, siv uas nws tseem tau los mus sib tov sib txawv tshuaj. Glycerol yog tag nrho cov hom ntawm kev tshawb fawb, cov kev tshwm sim ntawm uas muaj pov thawj nws harmlessness rau tib neeg.

Qhuav ntawm cov kua rau hauv yeeb yuav tsis dispense nrog distilled dej. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ib yam impurities.

Qhuav ntawm cov kua rau e-luam yeeb li ib tug ua lag ua luam

Lub ntau lawm txheej txheem nyob rau hauv nws cov hom. Qhov no sulfation, desulfation thiab ekstranirovanie. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation tsis muaj ntau yam nyiaj txiag chaw nrog qhov suav hais tias kev ua si. Txawm li cas los, twb kaw ob peb tuam txhab uas muag siv txawv teb chaws hom thiab koom nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov kua rau hauv yeeb (St. Petersburg, piv txwv li).

Rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm tej kua mas siv German zoo Cheebtsam nrog ib tug high degree ntawm purification. Thaum cov domestic Enterprises, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub ntau lawm nws tus kheej, thiab yog ib tug kuaj uas tso cai rau kom zoo thiab sai sai raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov loj hlob rau Lavxias teb sab kev ua lag luam. Peb yog lossi ua hauj lwm rau expanding cov ntau yam thiab xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsw Cheebtsam rau hluav taws xob kev haus luam yeeb adherents.

sulfation

Tus thawj txoj kev uas tso cai rau rau zus tau tej cov kua rau hauv yeeb, yog sulphation. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub shredded haus luam yeeb yuav tsum tau kho nrog sulfuric acid. Ntxiv nicotine sulphate ua neej nyob hauv cov dej, lim thiab qhuav mus rau ib tug tej yam concentration ntawm ib tug nyeem tov (40%). Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias qhov no hom ntawm ntau lawm ua rau nws ua tau kom tau ntau tiav lawm khoom dua lwm txoj (qhov no piav nws tsis muaj nqi), nws yog yus muaj los ntawm cov pa phem. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, ib tug kua rau hauv luam yeeb siv thiab ua tso cai rau kom muab tau ib yam ntawm cov organic khoom uas yog "raug hluav taws chwv" sulfuric acid.

extraction

Qhov thib ob txoj kev, uas yog ib tug xaus raws li los ntawm freeze kom qhuav. Tej kua ntau lawm rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob luam yeeb nyob rau hauv Russia yog nqa tawm siv propylene glycol thiab glycerol thiab lwm yam polyhydric alcohols uas yuav ua neej nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab ib co twg thuam nicotine. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nicotine yog ua los ntawm haus luam yeeb shreds. Nws yuav tsum tau rhuab nyob rau hauv ib qhov cub nrog glycerol los yog propylene glycol. Cov uas ua tshuaj twb lim thiab txuas nrog cov dej. Yog li nws yuav tsum tsim ib qho aqueous tov nrog ib tug cov ntsiab lus ntawm nicotine thiab glycerin.

Txawm li cas los, cov tshuaj no nyob rau hauv ib cov kua raug hluav taws xob luam yeeb tsis yog nyob hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv no, raws li nws tej zaum yuav txaus ntshai rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Qhov no yog hais nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau tshaj li 2.5% ntawm lub nicotine nyob rau hauv lub evaporating pa dej, yog li ntawd txawm tias ib tug ob peb ua pa ntawm no chav tej zaum yuav raug nyob rau hauv kev tuag ntawm tus neeg.

Yuav kom ua xws li ib tug tov haum rau siv, yuav tsum freezout nicotine. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv no txoj kev lub ntau lawm dej rau hauv yeeb (ua lag ua luam) tso cai rau kom muab tau ib cov tshuaj uas muaj 0.5% dej thiab 99.5% nicotine. Tus nqi nqi ntawm no hom ntawm nicotine yog kuj siab thiab nqi mus rau kwv yees US $ 350 ib kilogram.

desulfation

Vim cov uas tsis muaj hauj lwm zoo uas ua cov nicotine nyob rau hauv lub xaus txheej txheem lub neej coj tau txais ntau txoj kev hu ua "desulphation". Tej ntau lawm yuav lub extraction ntawm nicotine los ntawm haus luam yeeb shreds los ntawm txoj kev glycerol, thiab cov tshuaj no twb tau los ntawm sulfation. Xyaum tau qhia hais tias 1 ha ntawm haus luam yeeb yuav tau ua los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov dissolving txog 180 kg ntawm nicotine, thiab ces lwm, tib tus xov tooj yog muab rho tawm los ntawm kev siv ib tug desulfation txoj kev.

Ib tug sib piv ntawm cov ntau lawm

Muab piv rau cov saum toj no hom ntawm ntau lawm, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nicotine tau los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov extraction. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub active tivthaiv comprises ib tug tsawg heev npaum li cas ntawm impurities, uas yog muab thaum lub sij hawm ntau lawm tus ntawm sulfuric acid.

Txawm li cas los, txawm producers yuav tsum ua hauj lwm rau qhov zoo ntawm nicotine, txij li thaum nws nyob rau hauv lub extraction ntawm haus luam yeeb ntawv muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm haus luam yeeb alkaloid, yog tsis pov tseg thiab ua kom puas cholinesterase nyob rau hauv tib neeg nicotine. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, xws li ib tug nicotine ntaus nyob rau hauv lub cev rau 30 feeb, ib nrab yuav raug rhuav tshem, ua lub siab xav mus haus luam yeeb dua. Nyob rau tib lub alkaloids nyob rau hauv lub cev yeej tsis lawm thiab yuav muab tso tawm kom ntau npaum li cas maj mam, resulting nyob rau hauv ib tug concentration nrog txhua so.

xaus

Summing li cov khoom, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias haus luam yeeb hauv yeeb yog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus lwm txoj rau tej kev haus luam yeeb. Yog li ntawd, cov kua ntau lawm rau tej hluav taws xob counterparts yog nej ib tug muaj kev vam meej ua lag ua luam.