TsimSecondary kev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv

Ray-finned ntses - hom, kev yam ntxwv, tus qauv ntawm bony ntses

Ray-finned fishes yuav mus rau ib tug heev uas nws kim heev hauv chav kawm ntawv, uas muaj xws li ze li ntawm 95% ntawm tag nrho cov tam sim no lub npe hu inhabitants ntawm tus dej ntws, pas dej, seas thiab oceans. Ntev no hauv chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov dej ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib ceg nyob rau hauv lub superclass bony fishes.

Ray-finned fishes (actinopterygii) tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm lub Greek thiab Latin hom lus. Nws muaj ob qhov chaw - "beam" thiab "cwj mem." Qhov no lub npe yog kev cob cog rua nrog cov qauv ntawm cov fins.

evolution

Txij li thaum tag nrho txhua hom ntawm marine ntses thiab lawv dej tsis qab ntsev counterparts scrutinized, txhua txhua archaeological xyuas nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog ib yam uas txaus siab rau kws tshawb fawb. Txij li thaum nws pom hais tias cov hiob fossil cev pob txha ntawm hluav taws xob-finned ntses tshaj 420 lab. Years. Raws li cov qauv peb txiav txim hais tias nws yog ib tug predator teej tug mus rau qhov kev txiav txim paleoniskoobraznyh. Zoo li cov uas nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia, Estonia thiab Sweden.

Cov nram qab no tseem ceeb finds nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm ntau tshaj 200 lab. Years. Cov no yog cov skeletons ntawm cov thawj bony fishes, uas tau ua lub progenitors ntawm lub myriad ntawm hom, tom qab hu ua hluav taws xob-finned ntses. Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm hom variation piav los ntawm lub fact tias lawv raug yuam kom hloov mus rau txawv tej yam kev mob thiab ntau yam kev hnub ci tawg nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub evolution ntawm ntses. Muaj txog tej pawg neeg uas tau raug yuam kom hloov mus rau gradual hloov nyob rau hauv lub surrounding ntiaj teb no.

thawj kev faib

Tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawv "ray-finned ntses" yog muab faib ua ob pawg:

  • ganoid ntses;
  • novoperye ntses.

Ganoid ntses muaj xws li 2 niaj hnub thiab 12 pob txha pawg. Novoperye ntses yuav mus rau tus yau pab pawg neeg, feem ntau hom heev heev uas - bony fishes.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lawv yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv, lawv yog cov heev txawv nyob rau hauv tsos thiab cov qauv.

Ray-finned ntses. General cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ganoid ntses

Cov thawj pab pawg neeg, ganoid ray-finned ntses, muaj tsuas yog plaub units. Qhov tseem heev heev thiab ntau ntawm lawv - sturgeon. Tus qauv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev txiav txim no es txheej thaum ub, lawv muaj yuav luag tag nrho lub cev pob txha yog tsim los ntawm cov pob txha mos, nyob rau hauv uas muaj muaj tsis muaj ib tug neeg vertebrae. Lub cev nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm 5 kab ntawm pob zeb diamond-zoo li tus pob txha phaj.

Chondrostei txawv los ntawm cartilaginous ntses zoo li tus pob txha taub hau pob txha, ntses chaw dim pa log tsheb thiab lub xub ntiag ntawm lub ua luam dej zais zis. Los ntawm sturgeon chondrostei yog ib co tseem ceeb cov coj mus muag hluav taws xob-finned fishes, cov neeg sawv cev - sturgeon, sturgeon, Beluga thiab lwm tus neeg.

Qauv ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm bony ntses

Qhov thib ob pab pawg neeg no lub siab heev tshaj plaws. bony ntses lub cev yog them nrog nyias, npawv bony phiaj, uas yog ncha lub npe hu ua dos. Txheej txheem teev rau lub hauv paus ntawm hlwv. Lawv yog cov distinguishable txoj kev loj hlob ib ncig, uas yuav txiav txim seb lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg.

Cev pob txha txheej tsho tiv no muaj ib tug neeg ossified pob txha caj qaum, uas yog kev cob cog rua ntawm ligaments uas tso cai rau khoov rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub ntses. Txhua ya ntawm cov nqaj qaum tshaj lub cylindrical feem muaj ib tug arc nrog ib tug spinous txheej txheem. Sij hawm ntawm lub sab sauv arches ntawm lub pob txha caj qaum - cov creation ntawm ib tug channel los tiv thaiv cov leeg nrob qaum. Down los ntawm lub transverse kev ntawm lub pob txha caj qaum yog qhia, uas yog txuas tav pob txha.

Ray-finned bony ntses ntawm cov pab pawg neeg muaj ib tug zoo-tsim pob txha taub hau, muaj raws ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov pob txha. Lub hlwb yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov pob txha box. Nrog pob txha taub hau pob txha ntawm tus txha nqaj yog fixedly ua ke.

Licas tsim los ntawm lub cev pob txha thiab cov nqaij, uas tsav lub fins opercula, puab tsaig. Ray-finned ntses tawm los ntawm lub caudal cheeb tsam nrog ib tug loj tis ntses. Stability thiab linearity thaum tsav tsheb muab unpaired fins. Ib tug khub fins khaws ib tug muaj tseeb hwj tau lub cev nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab ua hauj lwm raws li rudders kev sib hloov.

hom ntau haiv

Tej me nyuam dej ray-finned thiab hom heev heev ntawm marine ntses, ua ke nyob rau hauv ib chav kawm, muaj ntau ntau thiab tsawg thiab tsos. Qhov txawv nyob rau hauv ntau thiab tsawg pab xws li los ntawm 8 hli mus txog 11 m. Tus neeg sawv cev yuav hnyav txog li 2235 kg, nws yog ib tug ntses-hli, uas yog ntes tau nyob rau hauv 1908 nyob rau hauv lub Sydney cheeb tsam.

Los ntawm hluav taws xob-finned fishes yog tag nrho cov hom ntawm herring, heev heev Salmoniformes ntses, dej tsis qab ntsev thiab hiav txwv eels, carp ntses, catfish, Blue, stickleback, mullet thiab tag nrho cov hom ntawm perch thiab flounder.

txawv hom

Koj yuav ua tau ib tug ntev daim ntawv teev cov interesting txawv inhabitants ntawm lub sib sib zog nqus hiav txwv thiab cov tsev dej teej tug mus rau cov hoob kawm no. Cov feem ntau cov tawm ntawm cov no yog cov:

  • murdzhan ntses, lossis loj ob lub qhov muag uas sib piv nrog rau pinkish xim ntawm cov dos;
  • angel ntses, adorns lub hiav txwv nrog ci kab txaij thiab vas ntses dawb lias plaub ya ri;
  • hiav txwv ntses bass thaj tsam, ib tug lub rooj sib tham uas yuav ua tau txaus ntshai, vim hais tias nws yog ib tug tshuaj lom tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub fins;
  • seahorse, uas yog tau los kho tej thoob dej yug ntses;
  • labeotropheus ntses daug lawm qe nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj;
  • scalar, txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv rau koob meej nyob rau hauv lub thoob dej yug ntses tsis yog tsuas yog ntxim hlub tsos, tab sis kuj nws muab siab npuab Vajtswv mus rau ob peb.

Ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv nyob li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm evolutionary dab. Rau hnub tim, feem ntau ntawm cov ntses nyob rau hauv cov dej ntws, seas thiab oceans ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis, theej 95% ntawm tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm hom, yog hais txog mus rau lub ray-finned. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, piav qhia txog tag nrho cov mej zeej ntawm lub tsis yooj yim sua. Ntau ntawm lawv, tab sis qhov ntau nthuav mus kawm cov hoob kawm no yog xav paub ntxiv thiab xav paub ntxiv txog nws. Nws tsis yog lub npe hu hais tias tag nrho cov neeg uas nyob hauv seas thiab oceans yog paub rau noob neej, tej zaum peb tseem tos rau cov tshiab discoveries thiab ncus.

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