Samurai ntaj. Japanese riam phom thiab nws cov hom

Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm lub Tokugawa shogunate los ntawm 1603 nws twb txuam nrog qhov kev kho mob ntawm yav dhau los kos duab tswv cuab hmuv. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub ntshav kev tsov kev rog tuaj lub era ntawm technology thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov tub rog sib txeeb nrog swords. Arts kev cob cog rua nrog lub muaj hniav ntaj hniav riam, twb hu ua "kenjutsu", nws muaj evolved rau hauv ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm sab ntsuj plig rau lawv tus kheej txoj kev txhim kho.

Lub ntsiab lus samurai rab ntaj

Cov samurai swords raug xam tias yog tsis tau tsuas yog riam phom ntawm ib tug kws tub rog, tab sis ib tug cim ntawm lub samurai chav kawm ntawv, cov emblem ntawm yawm thiab kev ua siab loj, ua siab loj thiab ua siab tawv qhawv. Txij ancient sij hawm twb ntshai raws li ib tug riam phom raws li ib tug dawb huv txiaj ntsim ntawm lub hnub vajtswv poj niam mus rau nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv, qhov kev txiav txim rau hauv av. Ntaj yog yuav tsum tau tsuas yog siv rau lub eradication ntawm kev phem, kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab tiv thaiv qhov zoo. Nws yog ib feem ntawm lub Shinto kev ntseeg. Caj npab dai kom zoo nkauj temples, dawb ceev tej chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo lub 8 pua Japanese pov thawj muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv qhuav, ntxuav, polishing swords.

Samurai tau yeej ib txwm muaj koj lub teeb ntawm warrior. Rau cov hniav ntaj hniav riam tau muab kev txaus siab ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tsev, ib tug me me nyob rau hauv lub saum toj kaum - tokonoma. Lawv twb khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib tug zaub los yog tatikake katanakake. Yuav mus pw, samurai swords nteg nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm caj npab lub ntev.

Ib tug txiv neej yuav raug txom nyem, tiam sis yuav tau ib qho kim hniav nyob rau hauv ib tug superb chaw. Rab ntaj yog ib lub cim, uas qhia ntau txog kev sib raug zoo txoj hauj lwm. Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tus hniav samurai nws muaj txoj cai los txi nws tus kheej lub neej thiab nws tsev neeg.

Teeb ntawm Japanese warrior

Japanese cov tub rog yeej ib txwm nqa nrog nws ob tug swords, cim tias seb thaum uas nws belongs rau tus samurai. Kit warrior (Dyce) muaj ntev thiab luv luv hniav. Ntev samurai katana rab ntaj los yog muab (60 mus rau 90 cm) - lub ntsiab riam phom ntawm cov samurai los ntawm lub 14th caug xyoo. Nws twb hnav nyob rau hauv lub siv cov ntsiab lus upwards. Sharpened rab ntaj nrog ib txhais tes, muaj ib tug nkhaus hniav thiab kov. Wizards twb tau mus tua cov battlefield ntawm xob ceev nyob rau hauv cov zauv feem ntawm ib tug thib ob rub hniav thiab ua ib tug viav vias. Cov txheej txheem no yog hu ua "laijutsu".

Luv samurai rab ntaj vakidzasi (Shoto los yog Kodachi) ob zaug luv luv (30 mus rau 60 cm) hnav nyob rau hauv lub siv ntug upward, yog siv tsawg heev, thaum muab battlefield nyob rau hauv cramped tej yam kev mob. Nrog vakidzasi cov tub rog txiav tawm lub taub hau ntawm tua pov tseg cov yeeb ncuab los yog daig nyob rau hauv captivity, ua seppuku - yus tua yus. Feem ntau cov feem ntau samurai katana sib ntaus sib tua, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv ob swords.

Hom ntawm samurai swords

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub txheej ntawm tsuav, muaj ntau ntau hom ntawm Japanese swords siv los ntawm warriors.

• Tsuruga, chokutō - ib tug ancient ntaj siv kom txog thaum lub xyoo pua 11th, muaj kev ncaj npoo thiab sharpened on ob sab.
• Ken - ncaj qha ancient hniav, sharpened rau ob sab, yog siv nyob rau hauv kev cai dab qhuas kev cai thiab tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog.
• Tachi - loj nkhaus rab ntaj (ntev 61 cm los ntawm lub taub) siv caij, hnav-down taub.
• Nodati los yog Odat - ultra hniav (1 m rau 1.8 m), uas yog ib yam ntawm cov tub sab, hnav qab lub caij.
• Tanto - dagger (30 cm ntev).
• Rau workouts siv xyoob swords (shinai) thiab ntoo (bokken). Kev kawm ua tsov rog yuav tau siv nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog nrog ib tug tsim nyog tus nrog sib ntaus, xws li ib tug tus tub sab.

Commoners thiab cov txiv neej lub sab kawm ntawv muaj txoj cai los mus tiv thaiv me me riam thiab ntaj, raws li muaj ib txoj kev cai nyob rau txoj cai hnav swords.

katana rab ntaj

Katana - Samurai ntaj sib ntaus sib tua, ib feem ntawm tus txheej txheem riam phom ntawm tus tub rog nrog rau ib tug me me hniav wakizashi. Nws tau raug thov nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th tsaug rau kev txhim kho ntawm tub sab. Katana txawv nkhaus tawm sab nraud hniav, ntev ncaj kov, uas tuav nws nrog ib tug los yog ob tug ob txhais tes. Cov hniav muaj ib tug me ntsis khoov thiab ntse kawg yog siv rau tej thiab thrusting. Nyhav rab ntaj yog 1 - 1,5 kg. Rau lub dag lub zog, yooj thiab hardness ntawm lub samurai katana rab ntaj yuav siv sij hawm nrog lwm yam tuaj thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, txiav tus pob txha, lub muzzle ntawm cov phom loj thiab hlau tshaj Bulat Arab thiab European swords.

Kws ntaus hlau forging nqa riam phom, yeej tsis tau ua fittings, rau cov uas nws hais kom ua muaj lwm yam kev masters. Katana - ib tug designer, sau raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib pab neeg ua hauj lwm. Samurai yeej ib txwm muaj ib tug ob peb poob lawm ntawm fittings, hnav nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Cov hniav dhau rau centuries los ntawm tiam mus rau tiam, thiab nws zoo yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov kev tshwm sim.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub katana

Nyob rau hauv 710, lub legendary Japanese swordsman Amakuni thawj siv nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los rab ntaj nrog ib tug curved hniav. Forged los ntawm disparate cov ntaub ntawv, nws muaj ib tug saber zoo. Nws zoo yog tsis tau hloov kom txog thaum lub 19th caug xyoo. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th katana swords raug xam tias yog aristocrats. Nyob rau hauv cov cai ntawm cov shogun Ashikaga kev lig kev cai ntawm kev hnav ob swords, uas tau ua lub cib fim ntawm cov samurai chav kawm ntawv. Ib co ntawm samurai swords yog ib feem ntawm cov tub rog, civil thiab festive costume. Ob tug tuaj tau tag nrho cov samurai, tsis hais nyob qib, los ntawm qhov dog dig mus rau lub shogun. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, lub Japanese ua hauj lwm tau yuav tsum tau hnav European swords, katana, ces poob nws raws li txoj cai.

Secrets ntawm lub katana

Hniav forged los ntawm steel ob hom: cov tub ntxhais raug ua los ntawm khov thiab khoom los ntawm cov - tej ntug. Steel ua ntej Forging lim los ntawm rov ntxiv thiab welding.

Nyob rau hauv manufacturing katanas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau xaiv hlau, hlau ore tshwj xeeb hlau ntawm molybdenum thiab tungsten. Hlau rods tswv khawb nyob rau hauv cov hav iav rau 8 xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, lub xeb noj tam sim ntawd lub weaknesses, ces cov khoom yog tso rau lub forge. Gunsmith muab tuav nyob rau hauv ntawv ci nrog ib tug hnyav rauj. Ces tus ntawv ci pheej tsim thiab flattened. Yog li ntawd, lub tiav lawm hniav muaj 50,000 khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm high-zog hlau.

Cov samurai katana yeej ib txwm distinguished yam ntxwv kab Jamon, tshwm raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev siv ntawm tshwj xeeb txoj kev ntawm forging thiab hardening. Hilt tsuka rab ntaj obvorachivalas ray daim tawv nqaij thiab qhwv rau hauv ib lub sawb ntawm txhob lo lo ntxhuav. Souvenir los yog ceremonial katana yuav muaj ib tug kov ua los ntawm cov ntoo los yog kaus ntxhw.

muaj cov katana

Qhov ntev rab ntaj lawv yuav zoo maneuver. Los tuav lub tuav ntawm lub katana yog siv, qhov kawg ntawm tus kov uas yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub sab tes laug thiab sab tes xis nyem qhov kov ze tus ceev xwm. Synchronous yoj ntawm ob txhais tes enabled tus tub rog tau loj amplitude stroke, tsis tau siv ib tug ntau ntawm lub zog. Blows tau thov mas nyob rau hauv ib tug rab ntaj los yog yeeb ncuab txhais tes. Qhov no tso cai rau koj mus tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab lub riam phom nrog lub trajectory ntawm nres mus ntaus nws tom ntej no flick.

Ancient Japanese riam phom

Ob peb ntau ntau yam yog Japanese caj npab mus rau ib tug pab los sis theem nrab hom.

• Yumi los yog o-Yumi - nqe ntaus rog bows (180 mus 220 cm), yog tus hiob riam phom rau Nyiajpoom Teb. Bows siv nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua thiab nyob rau hauv kev cai dab qhuas ceremonies txij ancient sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th lawv tau raug ntiab khiav tawm muskets, coj los ntawm Portugal.
• Yari - hmuv (5 m), ib tug nrov riam phom nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm strife, lub infantry siv los mus poob rau hauv lub yeeb ncuab los ntawm nws tus nees.
• Bo - ncej tub rog nqe ntaus rog, xa hnub no mus rau lub ntaus pob ncaws pob riam phom. Muaj ntau ntau tus ncej embodiments, nyob ntawm seb qhov ntev (30 cm mus rau 3 m), lub thickness thiab tus ntoo khaub lig seem (round, hexagonal, etc.).
• Yoroi Doce xam tau tias yog dagger ntawm txoj kev hlub tshua, lawv cov stylet thiab twb tau muab siv rau kev tua raug mob nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los tw.
• Kodzuka los yog kotsuka - tub rog riam, tsau nyob rau hauv nws lub hnab ntawm hniav ntaj hniav riam sib ntaus sib tua, thiab muaj feem ntau siv rau lag luam.
• Tessen los yog Dunsany utiva - sib ntaus sib tua cov kiv cua commander. Lub kiv cua twb nruab nrog sharpened steel koob yuav tau siv nyob rau hauv lub nres, raws li ib tug sib ntaus sib tua taus thiab ib tug ntaub thaiv npog.
• Dzitte - nqe ntaus rog hlau stick, diav rawg nrog ob tug hniav. Nws twb siv nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm lub Tokugawa raws li ib tug riam phom tub ceev xwm. Siv dzitte, tub ceev xwm kev cuam tshuam cov samurai swords nyob rau hauv battles nrog tsausmuag warriors.
• Naginata - Japanese halberd, riam phom tub rog monks, ob-meter ncej nrog ib tug me me pav ca-hniav nyob rau thaum xaus. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, siv ko taw cov tub rog mus tua cov yeeb ncuab nees. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th nws yog siv raws li ib tug poj niam samurai tsev neeg ua tsov rog rau nws tus kheej tiv thaiv.
• Kaiken - nqe ntaus rog riam rau poj niam aristocrats. Siv rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej, thiab rhuav cov ntxhais mus tua tus kheej.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm internecine civil tsov kev rog nyob rau hauv teb chaws Nyiv Pooj phom raug phom nrog pob zeb uas tawv xauv (teppo), uas raug xam tias yog tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov tuaj rau lub hwj chim ntawm lub Tokugawa. Los ntawm cov 16th caug xyoo, lub Japanese pab tub rog nyob thiab rab phom, tab sis tus hneev thiab rab ntaj txuas ntxiv mus nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv samurai armor.

Katana-Kaji

Swords nyob rau hauv Nyiv yog ib txwm ua los ntawm cov neeg ntawm qhov kev txiav txim hauv chav kawm ntawv, feem ntau cov txheeb ze ntawm cov samurai los yog lub tsev hais plaub. Nrog nce kev thov rau swords feudal lords pib patronize blacksmiths (katana-Kaji). Manufacturing ntawm lub Samurai ntaj yuav tsum tau ceev faj npaj. Forging swords zoo li liturgical ceremony thiab tau sau nrog kev cai dab qhuas kev ua ub no los tiv thaiv tus neeg hnav ntawd los ntawm kev phem rog.

Ua ntej peb yuav tau sau mus rau ua lag ua luam, kws ntaus hlau yoo mov, abstained los ntawm kev phem kev xav thiab tej kev ua, ua qhov ritual purification ntawm lub cev. Ntaus kom huv si ntxuav thiab dai kom zoo nkauj shime - ritual cwj pwm, woven los ntawm mov straw. Txhua smithy yog ib lub thaj rau kev thov Vajtswv thiab rau tus cuj pwm kev kawm ua hauj lwm. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, tus tswv txo nws hwj rau kuge - ntse khaub ncaws. Cov yawm tsis pub ib txog tej tswv tsim tsawg-zoo riam phom. Tej zaum cov kws ntaus hlau rab ntaj puam tsuaj, uas yuav siv ib tug ob peb xyoos, vim muaj ib tug tib kho raws. Ua hauj lwm rau ib tug rab ntaj yuav kav nyob qhov twg los ntawm 1 xyoo mus rau 15 xyoo.

Japanese swords ntau lawm technology

Remelted hlau los ntawm magnetic hlau twb siv raws li tus steel riam phom. Samurai ntaj, xam tau tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub Far East tau raws li muaj zog raws li lub nroog Damaxaka. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov Japanese swords siv hlau los ntawm teb chaws Europe.

Japanese Xamiv hniav tsim los ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlau khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thinnest ib daim hlab nrog txawv carbon cov ntsiab lus. Lub ib daim hlab yog welded ua ke thaum lub sij hawm ntawm melting thiab forging. Forging, extruding, ua folding thiab forging tshiab hlau ib daim hlab tsu ib tug nyias beam.

Yog li, cov hniav muaj ib tug plurality ntawm nyias fused khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg raznouglerodnoy hlau. Tiabsis cov uas tsis muaj-carbon thiab high-carbon hlau muab tshwj xeeb rab ntaj hardness thiab viscosity. Nyob rau hauv lub kauj ruam tom ntej kws ntaus hlau polished hniav ib tug ob peb lub pob zeb thiab quenched. Feem ntau samurai swords ntawm Nyiv tau ua rau ob peb xyoo.

Tua neeg ntawm kev tshuam

Qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov hniav thiab cov kev txawj ntawm cov samurai yog feem ntau kuaj nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua. Zoo rab ntaj tso cai rau txiav peb tuag lub cev pw rau sab saum toj ntawm txhua lwm yam. Nws twb ntseeg tau hais tias tus tshiab samurai swords yuav tsum sim nyob rau hauv tib neeg. Tsuji-giri (tua neeg nyob rau kev tshuam) - lub npe ntawm tus tshiab rite kuaj hniav ntaj hniav riam. Cov neeg uas raug tus samurai los ua neeg thov khawv, peasants, neeg mus ncig thiab passers-by, tus naj npawb ntawm cov uas tsis ntev suav nyob rau hauv lub phav phav. Tus tub ceev xwm muab rau patrols txoj kev, tus tiv thaiv, tab sis tus tiv thaiv tsis zoo ua lawv tej hauj lwm.

Samurai uas tsis xav tua dawb huv, xaiv lwm txoj kev - tamesi-tes taw hnyav li. Thaum them nyiaj rau executioner, nws twb tau muab nws rab ntaj, uas nws sim thaum lub sij hawm tua ntawm lub txim tus neeg.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub zais cia ntawm nrig txog kev pom katana?

Qhov no katana rab ntaj yuav kom raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm nws tus kheej-hliav ntawm lub lwg me me. Tsuas yog los ntawm ib tse nrog koj cov hniav nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb kev muag zaub, warrior los ntawm tej lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm uas kuv tau txais ib tug ntse hniav dua. Ntaj polished nyob rau hauv ua sawv, kaum ntawm sib tsoo log, thiaj li graininess. Ces tus tswv otpolirovyval hniav hluav ncaig hmoov av.

Nyob rau hauv lub xeem kauj ruam twb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov kua hardening rab ntaj av nplaum, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev ua no nyob rau hauv cov hniav tshwm sim matte thinnest sawb (yakiba). Paub masters tshuav ib tug kos npe rau ntawm cov hniav ponytail. Tom qab forging thiab tempering ib rab ntaj fortnight polished. Thaum katana muaj ci, kev ua hauj lwm yog ua tiav.

xaus

Qhov no samurai rab ntaj, tus nqi yog xav tsis thoob, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog cov puav pheej ntawm cov ancient masters. Tej cuab yeej yog ib qho nyuaj mus nrhiav, raws li lawv yog kis tau nyob rau hauv cov tsev neeg los ntawm qub txeeg qub teg raws li ib tug tej yam qub qab. Lub kim tshaj plaws katana muaj MEI - lub stigma ntawm tus tswv thiab lub xyoo ntawm kev siv thiab ua rau lub shank. Muaj ntau swords tso leb forging, cov nuj nqis los ntawm Suav mythology, pawg ntseeg tawm cov ntsujplig phem. Scabbard rau ib tug rab ntaj no kuj decorated muaj ornaments.