Tsim, Science
Saprophytes: nws yog dab tsi, dab tsi los noj mov, qhov twg nyob?
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm muaj cov kab mob no - cov kab mob, fungi, nroj tsuag, tsiaj - noj ready-made organic tebchaw. Yog qhov uas cov pa roj carbon hais rau lawv tuag los yog cov khoom pov tseg ntawm uas muaj sia nyob creatures ntawm qhov. Tej creatures yog hu ua "saprophytes". Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Peb sim mus nrhiav tau tawm nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.
Keeb kwm ntawm lub npe
Lub npe ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov kab mob no yog tau los ntawm ob Greek lo lus: "decayed" thiab "nroj tsuag". Ntawm no koj yuav cia to taub lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswvyim. Saprophytes siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov lwm yam kev ua ntawm tus kab mob no, tsob nroj cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov tsiaj, feem ntau - tuag.
Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm saprophytes
Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov creatures ntawm xwm rau lub ntiaj teb no ncig ntawm tshuaj. Txhua nyob kab mob puas tau mus tuag. Yog li ntawd txheej txheem los ntawm qhov. Muaj ntau saprophytes npaj rau pov tseg ntawm tuag cov ntaub so ntswg. Yog tsis muaj lawv, tus biosphere yuav tsuas bogged nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej pov tseg, thiab lub ntiaj teb tag nrho yuav tsum tau strewn nrog khib nyiab thiab khoom pov tseg ntawm ntau yam kab mob - nyob thiab tuag.
Yuav ua li cas cov kab mob hu ua saprophytes?
Tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm nyob kab mob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tiag tiag immensely tsis amenable mus pes tsawg xam. Cov kab mob los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm kev faib hauv ib - lub feem ntau heev heev lub nceeg vaj. Feem ntau ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm kab mob no saprophytes.
yooj yim zog
Saprophitic kab mob: yog dab tsi? Lawv lub hom phiaj - los decompose organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv dej tej kev kawm thiab av, los koom nrog nyob rau hauv lub mineralization, lub voj voog ntawm cov tshuaj hais. Azotobacter, piv txwv li, siv sij hawm ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nitrogen fixation. Ib txhia - ib tug tseem ceeb link nyob rau hauv lub hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm cov pa roj carbon, sulfur, phosphorus. Thiab lwm yam "pab" kab mob txiv neej noj zaub mov. Tom qab tag nrho, cov txheej txheem ntawm lactic fermentation nyob rau hauv lub saprophytes. Qaub cream, tsev cheese, cheese, fermented ci mis nyuj, pickles, tsawg-cawv haus - cov khoom uas hais tias tsis muaj kab mob tsuas yuav tsis muaj nyob.
Blue-ntsuab algae
Cov cyanobacteria yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm oxygen. Zaum ntseeg hais tias cov ancient cov kab mob pib txoj kev billions xyoo dhau los, lub ntiaj teb huab cua. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj ntoo, thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag uas emit nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis oxygen. Ib tug kab mob muaj. Txawm tam sim no - vim lawv cov loj xov tooj - lawv qhia nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov roj yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Yog ho nphav kiag thiab nroj tsuag saprophitic
Lub nceeg vaj ntawm fungi kuj muaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg no: me me thiab medium, txawm loj sawv daws yuav. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv khoom noj khoom haus paluyu nplooj, humus, yeej thiab ceg, dung, hluav ncaig, plaub thiab cia ntawm cov noog, cov tsiaj dander. Nyob rau hauv general - tag nrho cov organic, lawv muaj nyob. Piv txwv li, kwv yees ntawm qhov chaw dawb, daj lozhnoopenok leej faj, Coprinus Shaggy, Aspen, thiab birch nceb yog saprophytes ntau lwm tus neeg. Muaj ntau cov tsiaj qus nceb tuaj ntawm ntau dua cov nroj tsuag (ntoo, lov tas vau) nyob rau hauv symbiosis, ua tag nrho cov hom ntawm seem ntawm nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj chiv yuav tsum tau kev cog kev noj haus.
Lossis loj nqi (feem ntau - tsis nkaus qab ntxiag) muaj tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm me me fungi-saprophytes. Lawv feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, transforming lawv tseem ceeb heev functions, tsim raws li siav nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, raws li zoo raws li uas tsis yog-siav khoom. Tuaj pwm khob cij thiab qaub jam, fermented txiv hmab txiv ntoo kua txiv, lwj Kua - lawv "ob txhais tes" tshaj plaws. Cov mineral - Kombucha, Indian mov, fungal fermentation nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov dej cawv.
Nyob rau hauv lub cog nceeg vaj thiab yog saprophytic. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Cov muaj tsis tuaj kawm ntawv feem ntau yog photosynthesis ntsiab (pigments) thiab cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm vim adaptability siv hwj chim los ntawm fungi, piv txwv li. Impossibility ntawm photosynthesis tej zaum yuav ib nrab. Piv txwv li, ib co hom orchids tsuas mus rau ib tug tej yam raws li nyob ntawm seb lub fungi, tab sis muaj peev xwm nqa tawm photosynthesis thiab ntxiv.
Tej nroj tsuag yog hu ua mikogeterotrofami. Lawv muaj xws li ntau tshaj 400 ntawm tag nrho cov hom.
Tsiaj saprophytes. Yuav ua li cas yog nws?
Ntawm cov fauna kuj muaj xws li cov kab mob. Piv txwv li, saprophytes mub (tsev neeg arachnids). Cov arthropods yog tsis raws li ncaj qha rau ntawm lwm yam kab mob, tab sis npaj txhij-ua organic tebchaw tseem yuav tsum tau. Lawv siv lawv lub hwj chim lwj nroj tsuag los yog tsiaj cov nqaij mos. Saprophytes yog ntau tshaj li 150 hom mub ntawm hmoov av, ib txhia ntawm lawv pom tau hais tias yuav haum cev. Lawv yuav tsum tau pom xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob, raws li lawv ntau thiab tsawg pab yog tsawg heev (nruab nrab - 0.2 hli). Lub neej luv ntawm tus tsiaj - txog plaub lub hlis. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, tus poj niam txiaj xu muaj lub sij hawm rau defer mus txog rau 300 qe. Tab sis cia li ib tug gram ntawm hmoov av yuav "Lodge" mus rau ib tug ob peb txhiab ntawm cov kab mob. Cov zaub mov uas lawv noj plaub ya ri tau ib tug txheej ntawm cov neeg uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv abundance, nyob qhov twg ib tug neeg pw (raws li science, tus txiv neej muaj peev xwm muab pov rau hauv lub xyoo mus txog 700 grams ntawm tuag tawv hais, thiab lawv noj rau hmob saprophytes).
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