Sau ntawv thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm lub ancient Egyptians. Cov qib lus txoj kev loj hlob. Cov evolution ntawm cov tshuaj thiab Science

Cov kev vam meej uas sawv raws tus ntug dej ntawm lub Nile ntau tshaj 4,000 xyoo dhau los, ua rau ib tug ntau ntawm secrets. Paaj tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, me kev nyab xeeb pab rau ib tug heev thaum ntxov loj hlob ntawm lub ntau yam ceg ntawm science thiab art. Sau ntawv thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm lub ancient Egyptians - cov kev kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau zaum ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Tus thawj phau ntawv ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm extant tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm 3000 BC. e., tom qab hloov zuj zuj thiab yog monuments ntawm cov kos duab thiab keeb kwm. Zoo, saib lawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam thiab yuav to taub li cas secrets tseg ancient civilizations.

General tswv yim ntawm cov lus thiab kev txawj ntse

Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas peb muaj niaj hnub no hais txog ancient tim lyiv teb chaws, tau raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub archaeological excavations. Ntau yam ntaub ntawv npaj tau pom tuag lus. Lawv twb koom nyob rau hauv deciphering lub xyoo lawm. Lawv muaj ntaub ntawv qhia txog txhua yam ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm no kev vam meej, pib nrog cov cai thiab cov tsev teev ntuj pab, xaus ua noj ua haus cov zaub mov txawv. Nws hloov tawm hais tias kev sau ntawv thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm lub ancient Egyptians, uas peb yuav kawm tam sim no inextricably txuas. Decrypting tus qauv sau ntawv ntawm cov neeg, peb yuav tau qhib feem ntau ntawm nws secrets. Vim hais tias nws yog ib tug keeb kwm ntawm kev sau ntawv peb pib los mus faib nws mus rau hauv plaub lub ntsiab sij hawm.

Thawj lub sij hawm: hieroglyphics

Ancient Iyiv sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub pre-dynastic lub sij hawm, thaum twg lub xeev nws tus kheej twb tsis nyob ua ib ke. Txawm li cas los, cov gods thiab cov pov thawj ntawm cov neeg no twb ib yam dab tsi dawb huv thiab inviolable txhua lub sij hawm, thiab nws yog ua tsaug rau cov notions ntawm "Tswv ntawm lub ntiaj teb no," cov Iyi tsim lawv cov thawj sau ntawv system. Hieroglyphics ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws yog sib txawv heev los ntawm niaj hnub suav los yog Japanese. Cov tau dawb lias duab (niaj hnub no peb nrhiav tau lawv monochromatic vim hais tias ntawm lub ntsoog loj heev ua rau ntawm lub sij hawm), uas depicted khoom, txheej xwm, cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, cov neeg raug nqus uas lawv tau pom, ib tug me ntsis simplifying khoom. Sau ntawv cim yuav tsum cov kev taw qhia - txoj cai mus rau sab laug los yog vice versa, thiab tej zaum kuj txawm los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau nram qab. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tias qhov tshwm sim yog zoo nkauj.

Lub sij hawm ob: ieratika

Lub Hellenistic lub sij hawm ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws yog zoo txuas nrog tim Nkij teb chaws thiab lub Roman faj tim teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub pauv ntawm cov tub rog kev txawj ntse, lus assimilation tshwm sim. Sau ntawv thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm lub ancient Egyptians systematized los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, uas tuaj ntawm ancient cov teb chaws Europe. Muaj yog thawj hom cursive sau ntawv - ieratika. Ces qhov no tshiab kev sau ntawv hom lus yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub qab zib ntawm cov haiv neeg, thiab nws muab tso ua ke dawb ceev phau ntawv thiab kev cai lij choj cov ntaub ntawv.

Qhov thib peb theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob: demotic

Thaum lub lem ntawm lub eras assimilation tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem ntawm ancient Egypt. Nws nyab cov koom pheej uas coj lawv sawv, kev ntseeg, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, lus. Ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ntawm lub khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg nws los ua nrov ib fundamentally yam tshiab ntawm kev sau ntawv - demotic, uas nyob rau hauv tsos tsa ib tug niaj hnub Arabic. Nyob rau nws thiab ua rau pej xeem cov ntaub ntawv, sib koom ntaub ntawv, cov ntawv sau txog, thiab memos. Cuaj kaum ieratika tseem muaj ib tug hauj lwm tsab ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws thiab siv nyob rau hauv tsev pe hawm Vajtswv thiab ciaj ciam.

Plaub sij hawm: Coptic

Qhov no yog qhov dhau theem nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ancient Iyiv yam lus thiab cov tsab ntawv, uas hloov lub demotic. Tsis zoo li nws predecessors, lub Coptic tau nws tus kheej cov tsiaj ntawv tsab ntawv, txawv yam hais, sau raug, kev sib ntxiv ntawm lub suab thiab cov lus ib kab lus. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, qhov no yog zoo xws li cov Greek lus, tab sis nws belongs rau lub Afro-Asiatic lus tsev neeg. Sau ntawv thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm lub ancient Egyptians, uas muaj feem rau ua ntej lawm sij hawm, tus zaum twb tau mus decipher tsuas yog los ntawm Coptic cursive. Qhov no lus yog ntau ancient Egyptians txhais cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub ntsiab ntawm lawv cov ancestors. Kom txog thaum lub 19th caug xyoo, lub Coptic lus siv nyob rau hauv lub liturgy, thiab tom qab ntawd twb tau hais tseg nyob rau hauv lub Cov Qib ntawm cov neeg tuag.

Hauv - lub repository ntawm secrets

Paub txog lub ancient Egyptians twb lub hauv paus rau niaj hnub science. Tsis muaj leej twg lub civilizations thiaj tsis loj zoo li no, thiab nyob rau hauv tej feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm muaj tsis raws li tshaj lub tsev system. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, uas raug khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov chaw, peb yuav nrhiav tau cov thawj kev pab kho mob. Lawv qhia txog yuav ua li cas kho kev puas hlwb raug mob, pleev xim rau, yog dab tsi tshuaj ntsuab kho peb los ntawm tej yam kab mob. Egyptians paub dab tsi lub hnub qub nyob rau hauv lub ntuj, vim li cas lawv yuav tshwm sim thaum hmo ntuj thiab nyob qhov twg kom ploj thaum lub sij hawm ib hnub. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub ancient Iyiv lej - qhov no yog yam peb kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv hnub no. Tagnrho cov nuj nqis, qhov ratio ntawm cov huab hwm coj thiab qhov tsis muaj cov kab zauv uas tsis paub thiab txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv - nws twb yees ua precisely nyob rau hauv lub Nile Valley.