Sib Nqus Variation: lub essence thiab ua daim ntawv thov

Qhov teeb meem ntawm orientation rau hauv qhov chaw yog yeej ib txwm sawv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tug txiv neej ntawm heev mob. Lawm, peb yuav tsis tham txog me mus, thaum koj yuav tau siv sij hawm tshaj lub landmark odinokostoyaschee tsob ntoo los yog loj pob zeb. Peb yuav tau tham txog loj rau tej qhov chaw nyob qhov twg cov traveler yuav chief pab compass. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis tau tsis muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm tej tswv yim raws li lub azimuth thiab sib nqus declination.

Los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, peb paub hais tias tus azimuth yog lub kaum sab xis uas yog tsim nyob rau ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov xaiv neeg thiab cov kev kawm ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm sab qaum teb, compass rab koob taw. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov khoom yog hais tias lub compass koob tsis taw tes rau lub North Ncej, raws li yog feem ntau ntseeg, thiab sab qaum teb magnetic ncej txoj hauj lwm yog tsis txaus uas yog txawv los ntawm lub thaj, tab sis kuj hloov lub sij hawm (Txawm li cas los, cov kev hloov no tshwm sim li ntawd, maj mam hais tias lawv yuav tsum tau tsis quav ntsej).

Yog li, nws hloov tawm hais tias cov neeg uas muaj ib tug compass kabmob yog magnetic, tsis muaj tseeb. Yog hais tias nws yog ib tug yooj yim mus pw hav zoov mus txawv tebchaws, ces qhov no yuam kev yuav tsis quav ntsej li, tab sis ships tom hiav txwv, aircraft nyob rau hauv lub ntuj thiab ib tug tswv tsev ntawm lwm yam khoom yuav tsum tau ua precisely rau qhov tseeb azimuth, ib tug kev puas tsuaj tej zaum yuav tshwm sim lwm yam.

Yeej muaj tseeb azimuth, raws li nram no los ntawm saum toj no ntawv nyeem, lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm yam khoom los sis lwm yam reference taw tes thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov geographic North Ncej. Qhov txawv ntawm magnetic thiab muaj tseeb azimuth tau raug hu ua magnetic declination. Nws yog feem ntau txais tias yog hais tias tus magnetic declination yog cov kev taw qhia rau sab hnub tuaj, nws yog hu ua "Eastern". Designated nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb ntxhuav "+" kos npe rau. Thiab yog hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov tsis tooj, lub magnetic declination yog "sab hnub poob" thiab denoted los ntawm lub cim "-".

Lub tswvyim ntawm magnetic declination twb nkag tau rau hauv scientific kev rau ib ntev lub sij hawm: lub npe nrov navigator Columbus H. tsis tau tsuas yog siv nws nyob rau hauv nws nto moo voyage rau lub shores ntawm America, tab sis kuj cov thawj kos sai sai rau lub fact tias nws muaj nuj nqis txawv nyob ntawm seb ib tug muab lub teb chaws.

Tam sim no nws tsis muaj tsis ntseeg tias cov zauv tus nqi ntawm lub magnetic declination txawv txawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Moscow nws yog 80, thaum rau lwm cov cheeb tsam nce mus txog tseem ceeb theem. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb coj mus rau hauv tus account lub magnetic declination thaum ua hauj lwm nrog maps, thaum twg koj xav lossi txhais mus rau hauv yeej muaj tseeb magnetic azimuth thiab vice versa.

Gunners yuav tau kho koj shooting siv ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv - lub compass. Nrog nws tawm los mus txiav txim rau lub caij nyoog kev taw qhia rau ib tug siv taw tes, uas yog ces siv raws li ib tug starting taw tes thaum shooting. Thaum nws cov tub ntxhais, nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm lub compass rab koob hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib tug yeej muaj tseeb magnetic azimuth.

Yog li, lub magnetic declination - tus nqi los ntawm cov uas sib nqus tau cov kabmob txawv los ntawm qhov muaj tseeb tiag ib tug. Txoj kev paub no yog tsim nyog tsis yog thaum ua lengthy expeditions, tab sis kuj thaum lub sij hawm artillery firing, raws li zoo raws li rau lub qub navigation ntawm ships thiab cov dav hlau.