Sibhawm: qauv, kev siv, zog, qhov chaw rau lub cev

Lub ntsiab Cheebtsam ntawm tag nrho cov nyob hlwb - cov nqaijrog, nqaijrog thiab carbohydrates. Tus qauv, muaj nuj nqi thiab thaj chaw ntawm cov tebchaw muab qhov tseem ceeb heev kev ua si ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb.

Sibhawm yog tej yam ntuj tso organic tebchaw , tag nrho esters ntawm glycerine thiab fatty acids nrog rau ib tug puag. Lawv yuav mus rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm lipids. Cov tebchaw muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb functions ntawm lub cev thiab yog ib tug indispensable tivthaiv nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub zaub mov noj.

kev faib

Sibhawm, qauv thiab cov khoom uas tso cai rau koj mus siv lawv rau khoom noj khoom haus, muab faib mus rau hauv cov tsiaj thiab zaub nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Cov yav tas yog hu ua cov roj. Vim lub high school lub ntsiab lus ntawm unsaturated fatty acids yog nyob rau hauv ib lub kua hauv lub xeev. Exception - xibtes roj.

Los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm tej yam acids, lipids sib cais rau nyeem (stearic acid, palmitic acid) los yog unsaturated (oleic acid, arachidonic, linoleic, palmitoleic, linoleic).

qauv

Tus qauv ntawm cov rog yog ib tug complex triglycerides thiab lipoid tshuaj. Cov yav tas yog phospholipid tebchaw, thiab sterols. Triglyceride - ester compound ntawm glycerin thiab fatty acid qauv thiab cov yam ntxwv uas yog txiav txim los ntawm cov khoom uas muaj roj.

Tus qauv ntawm cov roj molecules nyob rau hauv lub dav dav daim ntawv qhia los ntawm cov mis:

CH2-OˉCO-R '

kuv

Cho-CO-R ''

kuv

CH2-OˉCO-R '' ',

Nyob rau hauv uas R - fatty acid radical.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qauv ntawm cov roj nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv muaj peb unbranched radical uas muaj ib tug txawm tooj ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms. Nyeem fatty acids yog feem ntau hais stearic thiab palmitic, unsaturated - linoleic, linolenic thiab oleic.

zog

Sibhawm, qauv thiab cov khoom uas yog txiav txim los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm nyeem thiab unsaturated fatty acids, cev nqaij daim tawv thiab tshuaj cov yam ntxwv. Lawv tsis hnov mob nrog dej, tab sis tag decomposed nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents. Saponified (hydrolyzed) yog hais tias lawv yog steamed, ib cov mineral acid los yog alkali. Thaum lub sij hawm xws tshuaj tiv thaiv ua fatty acids los yog lawv ntsev thiab glycerol. Lub emulsion yog tsim tom qab si nyhav zaj nrog dej, piv txwv ntawm no yog mis nyuj.

Sibhawm yog kwv yees li sib npaug zos rau lub zog tus nqi ntawm 9.1 kcal / g los yog 38 J / g. Yog hais tias peb txhais cov qhov tseem ceeb rau lub cev indicators, As, lub zog tso rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1 g ntawm roj, yuav txaus mus nce 1 'meter' cargo uas 3900 kg.

Nqaijrog thiab lawv molecular qauv txiav txim lawv cov kev zog, muaj ib tug muaj hwj huam noj, thaum piv nrog carbohydrates los yog proteins. Sau kom tiav oxidation of 1 g ntawm roj tawm ntawm cov dej thiab cov pa roj carbon dioxide raws li los ntawm ob zaug lub zog tso zis combustion suab thaj. Rau lipolysis yuav tsum tau ib qhov nqi ntawm cov carbohydrates thiab oxygen.

Nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab lwm yam tsiaj nqaijrog - ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb lub zog lwm. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav absorbed rau hauv cov hnyuv, yog tsim nyog emulsification los ntawm txoj kev ib tug kua tsib acid ntsev.

zog

Nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj nqaijrog ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm, qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov tebchaw nyob rau hauv lub nruab nrog cev thiab tshuab muaj ntau lub ntsiab:

1. zog mov. Qhov no muaj nuj nqi - lub ntsiab rau roj. Vim lub high school lub zog cov ntsiab lus, lawv yog cov zoo tshaj plaws tsum "roj". Stocks yog vim deposition nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov deposits.
2. Kev pab tiv thaiv. Adipose cov ntaub so ntswg envelop lub cev thiab li tsis pub lawv raug mob thiab mob taub hau, muag thiab nqus lwm hloov tau.
3. Thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Sibhawm muaj tsawg thermal conductivity thiab, yog li ntawd, kom warmth ntawm lub cev thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm hypothermia.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau peb yooj yim zog, lub sibhawm ua ob peb ntiav. Cov tebchaw muaj tseem ceeb heev functions ntawm lub hlwb, piv txwv li, muab elasticity thiab noj qab nyob zoo daim tawv nqaij, txhim kho lub hlwb muaj nuj nqi. Membranous hlwb thiab subcellular organelles khaws lawv cov qauv thiab ua tsaug rau kev koom tes los ntawm cov nqaijrog. Vitamins A, D, E thiab K yuav kis tau xwb nyob rau hauv lawv cov xub ntiag. Kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob thiab kev ua me nyuam muaj nuj nqi yog tseem lom zem ntau nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm roj.

Lub cev yuav tsum tau

Kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm lub cev muaj zog cov nqi ua li rog, uas nws cov qauv tso cai rau kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no yog hais tias peb npaj cov zaub mov noj. Muab xam los ntawm txhua txhua hnub uas yuav tsum tau siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account lub hom ntawm kev ua si thiab muaj hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau muaj roj yog tsim nyog rau cov neeg hluas uas ua active nyob uake, xws li ncaws pob los yog cov txiv neej koom nyob rau hauv hnyav lub cev ua zog. Thaum sedentary txoj kev ua neej los yog inclination rau lub fullness of lawv tus xov tooj yuav tsum raug txo kom tsis txhob rog thiab lwm yam teeb meem.

Nws tseem ceeb heev yuav tau xav txog cov qauv ntawm cov nqaijrog. Ntawm loj tseem ceeb yog tus piv ntawm unsaturated thiab nyeem acids. Qhov kawg cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau tau ntawm roj metabolism disturb tus tau hauj lwm ntawm tus mob huam, tsub kom tau tshwm sim ntawm atherosclerosis. Unsaturated acids muaj opposite nyhuv: restore qub metabolism, tshem tawm ntawm cov roj uas txhaws. Tab sis kev tsim txom ua rau kem plab, cov tsos ntawm lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub tsib lub zais zis thiab excretory ib ntsuj av.

qhov chaw

Yuav luag tag nrho cov zaub mov muaj rog, lub tsev lawv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem yuav tsum sib txawv. Cov kev zam yog zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, haus dej haus cawv, zib ntab thiab lwm tus neeg. Cov khoom muab faib ua:

• Bold (40 los yog ntau tshaj grams tauj ib 100 grams ntawm cov khoom). Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li butter, margarine, lard, fatty nqaij, tej hom ntawm sausages, ceev thiab lwm tus neeg.
• Nruab nrab muaj roj cov ntsiab lus (20 mus rau 40 g ib 100 g khoom). Cov pab pawg neeg yog sawv cev qab zib, muaj roj qaub cream, tsev cheese, ob peb hom cheese, sausages, nqaij, gus, qhob noom xim kasfes, ncuav, halvah thiab lwm yam khoom qab zib.
• Muaj roj tsawg (20 grams los yog tsawg dua ib 100 g khoom). Lawv muaj xws li: txhuv, buckwheat, taum, taum, mov, nqaij qaib, qe, ntses, nceb, feem ntau khoom noj siv mis thiab lwm tus neeg.

Tsis tas li ntawd ib qho tseem ceeb yog cov tshuaj qauv ntawm cov nqaijrog, seb puas ib tug acid. Nyob rau qhov no hauv paus, tej zaum lawv yuav tau noo, unsaturated thiab polyunsaturated. Thawj muaj nyob rau hauv cov nqaij cov khoom, lard, qhob noom xim kasfes, yaj roj, xibtes roj, txiv maj phaub roj thiab butter. Lub unsaturated acids yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub nqaij qaib nqaij, tau cov txiv ntseej, cashew, txiv laum huab xeeb, txiv roj roj. Polyunsaturated - walnuts, almonds, pecans, noob, ntses, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv cov paj noob hlis, flaxseed, rapeseed, pob kws, cottonseed thiab taum hwv roj.

noj haus

Nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov roj yuav tsum tau ua raws li nrog ib tug txheej ntawm cov kev cai thaum nqus tau cov khoom noj. Nutritionists kom lawv ua raws li cov nram qab no kev sib raug zoo:

• Monounsaturated - txog li ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov nuj nqis ntawm cov nqaijrog;
• Polyunsaturated - quarter;
• Nyeem - quarter.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, zaub rog yuav tsum ua li hais txog 40% ntawm cov khoom noj, cov tsiaj - 60-70%. Cov neeg laus yuav tsum nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov thawj mus rau 60%.

Yuav kom tsis txhob los yog cais los ntawm kev noj haus yuav tsum transfats. Lawv yog lug siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov kua ntsw, mayonnaise, confectionery khoom. Mob cov nqaijrog raug khaus tshav kub thiab oxidation. Lawv muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv Fabkis fries, qos yaj ywm chips, donuts, pies thiab cov zoo li. D. Ntawm tag nrho cov no daim ntawv teev cov feem ntau txaus ntshai cov khoom, cov kev npaj uas tshwm sim nyob rau rancid los yog ntau lub sij hawm siv roj.

pab zoo

Sibhawm, cov qauv ntawm cov uas muab txog ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov zog ntawm lub cev, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm pab nta:

• Cholesterol txhawb kom zoo dua carbohydrate metabolism thiab muaj ib tug synthesis ntawm tseem ceeb heev tebchaw - nyob rau hauv nws lub hwj ua adrenal steroid cov tshuaj hormones;
• txog 30% ntawm lub tshav kub nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev xim av muaj roj cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv lub caj dab thiab lub rov qab;
• Badger thiab dev refractory rog, kho ua pa kab mob, xws li kab mob ntsws ntawm lub ntsws txhab;
• phospholipid thiab glyukolipidnye tebchaw yog muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg, yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub digestive nruab nrog cev thiab dab lub tsim ntawm roj uas txhaws taus plaques muaj siab muaj nuj nqi;
• ua tsaug phosphatides thiab sterols yog txaus siab los ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg cytoplasmic tsim ntawm poob siab system hlwb, thiab tsim vitamin D.

Yog li, cov rog yog ib tug tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub zaub mov noj.

Tshaj thiab tsis muaj peev xwm

Sibhawm, qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov tebchaw yog pab tsuas muaj mob loj tsawv noj. Lawv surplus txhawb rau cov rog - ib tug teeb meem uas yog cov mus rau tag nrho teb chaws uas tsim. Qhov no tsis meej ua rau muaj zog lub cev hnyav, txo nyob rau hauv cov kev mus ncig thiab deterioration nyob rau hauv kev noj qab nyob. Nws tsub kom kev pheej hmoo ntawm atherosclerosis, mob ischemia, tawg. Rog thiab nws cov txim ntau dua lwm yam kab mob tuag taus.

Deficiency ntawm rog nyob rau hauv kev noj haus muaj txhawb rau deterioration ntawm daim tawv nqaij, slows cia txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam lub cev, cuam tshuam lub hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev me nyuam system, tes nrog rau tej roj uas txhaws taus metabolism, ua atherosclerosis, impairs lub hlwb thiab lub paj hlwb nyob rau hauv kev.

Kom noj cov zaub mov npaj, noj mus rau hauv tus account lub xav tau kev pab ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv lub sibhawm yuav pab tiv thaiv kom txhob muaj ntau yam kab mob thiab ua kom lub neej zoo. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb loj tsawv lawv noj, tsis muaj tshaj thiab tsis muaj peev xwm.