Sistine Chapel - yog ... lub Sistine Chapel nyob rau hauv lub Vatican

Chapel - ib tug me me lub tsev teev ntuj, rau rau siab rau cov tswv cuab ntawm lub tib lub tsev neeg, cov neeg nyob ntawm ib lub tsev fuabtais los yog palace. Lavxias teb sab lus lo lus "lub tsev teev ntuj" yog tej zaum txhais li "lub tsev teev ntuj", tab sis qhov no yog tsis muaj tseeb nkaus. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj yog tsis muaj thaj, ib txhia sacraments muaj tsis tau nqa tawm. Thaum lub tsev teev ntuj yog ib tug tag nrho pawg ntseeg nrog rau tag nrho cov cwj pwm. Lub Sistine Chapel nyob rau hauv lub Vatican - nto moo tshaj plaws vaj tse ntawm no hom.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation

Lub Sistine Chapel tau ua nyob rau hauv 1475-1483 xyoo los ntawm Pope Sixtus IV tus txiav txim, uas nws lub npe nws Dais rau hnub no. Qhov no pontiff yog tsis meej xwm daim duab. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, thaum lub sij hawm nws reign ntawm rampant kev noj nyiaj txiag thiab kev xiab nyiaj, nws yog thaum nws twb qhia los ntawm lub Inquisition, thiab cov thawj pej xeem burning ntawm heretics.

Nyob rau lwm cov tes, nws yog nto moo rau nej tau xav kom txoj kev loj hlob ntawm science thiab art. Nws tsiv lub papal chaw nyob nyob rau hauv Vatican City thiab puas tau ib tug ntau rau cov restoration thiab kev txhim kho ntawm lub nroog Loos. Rau nws teg num, nyob sab tsev qiv ntawv thiab cov thawj pej xeem tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab ua lub Sistine Chapel, rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ceremonies ntawm lub Koom Txoos Catholic. Thaum no tus taw tes, thiab tam sim no yuav mus rau qhov Conclave ntawm clerics rau qhov kev xaiv tsa ntawm cov Pope.

Lub architectural tshuaj

Nyob rau hauv lub XV xyoo pua powers ntawm kev cai dab qhuas thiab cov secular tsoom fwv tsis tau kiag li cais, tej zaum armed clashes. Dhau li ntawm tus ib txwm parishioners, uas tau tsav mus huab prohibitively siab se, tej zaum lawv twv kom qhia nws txoj kev chim siab openly. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, Popes xav kom muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb vaj tse nyob rau lub Vatican, qhov uas lawv yuav coj qhov chaw nkaum nrog nws tsev hais plaub nyob rau hauv turbulent thiab muaj xwm txheej lub sij hawm.

Nyob rau hauv no haven ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm Sixtus IV thiab tau los ua tus Sistine Chapel. Lub tuam tsev no los ntawm sab nraum yog coj hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug fortress, thiab cov nrog décor mus sab laj txog cov greatness thiab lub hwj chim ntawm lub Papacy.

Yuav kom daws tau cov teeb meem no, kuv raug caw ib tug hluas kws kes duab vajtse los ntawm Florence Dzhovanni De Dolci. Nws ua lub tsev cov tsos li ib tug bastion, thiab saib xyuas cov hauv kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kos duab murals.

Sistine Chapel - yog ib tus me tsev (nrog rau ib cheeb tsam tag nrho 520 m²), ib cov nyob rau hauv lub cev, uas muaj (qhov siab 21 m) vaulted qab nthab. Nws proportions, raws li cov Sixtus IV, zoo li proportions legendary tuam tsev Solomon thawj huv lub nroog Yeluxalee lub tuam tsev.

Lub sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj

Nyob rau hauv 1480 Sixtus IV caw nto moo tshaj plaws painters ntawm lub sij hawm mus tsim murals. Peb koom nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Girlondayo, Luca Signorelli, Pietro Perugino thiab tus hluas Pinturiko.

Ob xyoos nws coj cov artist pleev xim ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Middle theem muab cov duab ntawm scenes ntawm lub neej ntawm Mauxes thiab Yexus Khetos. Nyob rau hauv lub saum toj tier, nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov rais, yog cov portraits ntawm cov thawj popes los ntawm St. Peter rau Marcellus I. Cov qis theem ntawm cov kev lig kev cai tau raug tshuav dai rau regalia pontiff.

Saum toj no lub thaj yog lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Perugino xeeb tub "Assumption of Mary". Lub qab nthab yog adorned nrog lub hnub qub puv ntuj. Cov ntsiab paub rau peb tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia, t. Yuav kom. Tom qab ib tug ob peb xyoo tom qab tus foundations ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, lawv twb hloov nrog frescoes by Michelangelo.

Lub npog teeb ntawm lub Sistine Chapel ntawm Michelangelo

Thaum pib ntawm lub XVI xyoo pua rau lub Sistine Chapel polotke ib tug keej uas sau raws nws tag nrho ntev. Pope Julius II kom los npog nws thiab hais rau Michelangelo, uas ua hauj lwm lub sij hawm no tshaj rau saum rau hauv lub qhov ntxa rau yav tom ntej pontiff, npog lub qab nthab nrog frescoes.

Michelangelo Buonarroti, uas tau yug los nyob rau hauv lub xyoo Qhia ntawm lub Sistine Chapel (1475), nyob rau hauv lub 1508th yog ib tug twb tau nto moo sculptor. Tab sis lub monumental painting yog txawv tshaj plaws rau nws. Nws sim nws zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob no ua hauj lwm, tab sis Julius II muaj peev xwm mus hais rau nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, tau txais koj cov tiav lawm saib nto moo Sistine Chapel. Hauj lwm, keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm frescoes tau cov kev kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm ntau tiam ntawm cov kos duab historians.

Lub hauv paus yog ib feem ntawm lub qab nthab coj 9 sib law liag scenes ntawm cov phau qub, nyob rau hauv lawv "Lub dej nyab", "caij nplooj zeeg", cov creation ntawm lub scene ntawm cov thawj cov tib neeg (Adas thiab Evas), thiab lwm tus neeg. Nrog lub perimeter ntawm tus neeg sau ntawm cov frescoes xwm cov yaj saub thiab sibyls, thiab nyob rau hauv sab ntawm tus thawj - tus forerunner ntawm Yexus Khetos. Ntau tshaj 300 cim tau qhia, uas yog tseem yuav tsum yeej xwb nws lub hwj chim thiab lub cev zoo nkauj.

Soj ntsuam tseem tsis tau tuaj mus rau ib tug unambiguous txhais ntawm cov dluab. Ib txhia pom lawv raws li ib tug kev txhais lus ntawm phau Vajlugkub, thaum lwm tus neeg - ib tug tshiab txhais lus ntawm cov cim dantevskoy "Divine Comedy", thiab lwm tus neeg paub tseeb tias Michelangelo nkag tau rau theem ntawm tib neeg qaum ntuj los ntawm txoj kev txhaum rau lub xeev ntawm txheej thaum ub theem tatanizma thiab divine zoo tag nrho.

Lub xeeb tub "Lub Xeem Txiav Txim"

22 Xyoo Tom qab Michelangelo raug caw rov qab mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv dai kom zoo ntawm lub Sistine Chapel. Nyob rau hauv 1534, Pope Clement VII commissioned nws mus rau xim ntawm cov phab ntsa saum toj no lub thaj. Cov tshwm sim yog ib tug xeeb tub ntawm "Lub Xeem Txiav Txim", uas critics hu ua ib qho ntawm feem ambitious nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb kos duab.

Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov artist tau xwm ib tug neeg tsis muaj zog thiab tsis paub pab nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm ntxhov kev puas tsuaj. Los ntawm cov qub kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub greatness thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg yog ploj mus. Nyob rau hauv lub scene "Kev Txiav Txim" Tsis muaj lub neej-affirming los yog admirable cim.

Nyob rau hauv lub chaw no muab tso rau los ntawm Yexus. Tab sis nws lub ntsej muag yog menacing thiab impenetrable. Nws ob txhais tes froze nyob rau hauv punishing piav tes piav taw. Ib sab ntawm cov thwj tim, Tswv Yexus koos rau tag nrho cov sab, dhau lawm, yog tag nrho ntawm kev chim siab. Nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes lawv tuav lub seev ntawm kev tsim txom uas tsis Bode zoo rau cov neeg phem kom prostrate ua ntej lawv.

Lig dorisovki paintings thiab restoration tej hauj lwm

Sistine Chapel - yog qhov loj tshaj monument rau lub monumental kos duab ntawm lub Renaissance. Tab sis tom qab ntawd yuav hloov thiab ntxiv drawings yog ib qho tseem ceeb keeb kwm pov thawj.

Scene "Hnub Txiav Txim" nrog dozens ntawm liab qab lub cev los ntawm cov nyuam twb ntaus nqi ambiguously clergymen. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias Pope Paul IV kom cov menyuam kawm ntawv Michelangelo - de Volterra npog lub qhov ntiav qhia draped nuj nqis, thiab Clement VIII thiab tag nrho kom puas ntsoog lub xeeb tub. Txuag nws yog tsuas yog los ntawm txoj kev thov pab ntxias. Sim tau ua kom tiav garments nyob rau hauv XVII-XVIII centuries.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XX, ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov kws txawj tau pib kho tshiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv sawv ib tug loj teeb meem - uas version koj xav rov qab kho cov painting. Nws tau txiav txim siab - tawm draperies, kom tas de Voltaire nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub XVI caug xyoo, thiab lwm cov kev hloov mus rau tshem tawm.

Tom qab ntxuav cov frescoes ntawm hmoov quav thiab hmoov av, lawv rov ci kaj xim. Qhov no ua rau nws tau mus pom cov duab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas lawv tau sau los ntawm tus poj masters ntawm lub Renaissance.

Teb cov lus nug, yog dab tsi yog ib tug lub tsev teev ntuj, peb yuav tsum hais tias nws yog siv tsis tsuas mus rau xa mus rau kev cai dab qhuas lug. Chapel hu ua qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, qhov chaw uas hu nkauj, suab paj nruag thiab hu nkauj cov khaub ncaws ntau ua tau zoo nkauj dawb ceev, los sis txawm ib tug kws suab paj nruas lub tsev kawm ntawv xws li cov Academic Capella (St. Petersburg, Moika, 20).