Soviet mainline neeg nrog caij tshem ciav hlau YOG: keeb kwm, kev yam ntxwv

1937 yog ib thaj av rau Paris vim hais tias ntawm lub ntiaj teb Expo noj qhov chaw muaj. "Nrhiav" (kheev lub npe ntawm tus neeg nrog caij tshem ciav hlau "Iosif Stalin") tau txais nws Grand Prix. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nws yog tus haib tshaj tshem ciav hlau nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Yog li ntawd muaj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Soviet chav tshem ciav hlau.

Ua ntej ntawm lub sij hawm

Chav cav yog ib tug neeg nrog caij version ntawm lub twb uas twb muaj lawm cargo chav wand "Felix Dzerzhinsky", manufactured los ntawm 1931 mus 1941 nyob rau Lugansk tshem ciav hlau nroj tsuag. Nws yog tsim vim hais tias muaj zog ob peb lub sij hawm lub ntim ntawm turnover - nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog Industrialization. Chav cav yog yam 1-4-2. Ua li cas nws txhais li cas? Nws yog tus tsav tsheb qag 4, ib tug Muller thiab 2 pab txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv ib tug nruj heev ncej. Nyob rau IS20-241 qauv tau qhia rau lub ntiaj teb Fair. Tswv yim nyob unanimous - qhov no tshem ciav hlau ua ntej nws lub sij hawm.

Cov tag nrho cov-tshiab tshem ciav hlau

By pib ntawm lub zus tau tej cov no txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm technology twb tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States haib locomotives rau cov neeg nrog caij tsheb - "Roob," "Hudson" thiab "Lokovanna". Cov tib axial mis li ics, muaj ib tug North American cargo cab kuj Berkchir. Tab sis nws yog fundamentally sib txawv nyob rau hauv ib co respects los ntawm lub Soviet tshem ciav hlau tsim rau hnyav koj thiab cov neeg nrog caij thauj tshaj ntev ncua kev, tsiv ntawm ib tug qeeb ceev rau hnyav lem xws li "2a".

yuav tsum tau tej yam kev mob

Chav cav tsis tuaj tawm ntawm tsis pom qhov twg. Soviet chav tshem ciav hlau pib tsim nrog lub 20-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Muab qhov sau kev nyob rau hauv lub Kolomna cog project tshem ciav hlau "Mikado" yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1929. Tab sis lub project tsis siv, thiab nyob rau hauv 1931 pib tsim ib tug ntau haib tshem ciav hlau. Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab uas yuav tsum tau yog lub siab tshaj plaws interchangeability ntawm qhov chaw nrog ib tug chav engine series "Felix Dzerzhinsky". Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Chav cav yog muaj traction, 50% siab tshaj nyob rau hauv lub chav wand hom SU, los yog "kho kom zoo Sormovo" ( "qhuav"), ua nyob rau hauv 1924.

kev pab them nqi surpassed

Nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj, lub kos tau muab rau cov Central Bureau of tshem ciav hlau rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsim, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis tiav cov lus teb. Objectives tau tshaj - lub designers tswj kom interchangeable nrog PD yog tsis tsuas tus kheej kheej, Boiler, qag-thawv, axles thiab lwm qhov chaw, lawv tau ua rau nws tau siv ib tug tswvyim ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav ncua kev kawm ntawv (a system rau kho lub bodywork). Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm tus tsim chaw ua hauj lwm tshem ciav hlau cog rau hauv Kolomna, uas, nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov Izhora enterprise thaum pib ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj 1932 ua tus thawj tshem ciav hlau.

Ntau tshaj impressive kev kawm

By kawg ntawm lub hlis ntuj nqeg xyoo no, nws twb tau koom ua ke ib tug thib ob tshem ciav hlau. Tag nrho 1933 cov qauv no yog pib nyob rau hauv peb railways - South, Catherine thiab Lub kaum hli ntuj. Qhov nruab nrab lub hwj chim, uas pom ib tug tshem ciav hlau ntawm 2,500 HP, thiab ib zaug nyob rau hauv sawv ntawm 8% nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam "Moscow Bologoe" nws mus txog 3400 hp Cov theem nrab yog ntau tshaj ob zaug (npaj xwb 50%) dhau tshaj ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm "kom qhuav". Qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe thiab twb tau yuam boiler (80 kg / m ² • h), uas tshaj txawm cov ntaub ntawv "FD" (65 kg / m ² • h).

Muab tso rau hauv kwj

Thaum lub tog tom ntej congress, muaj nyob rau hauv 1934, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kev txiav txim siab - Chav Cav series ( "Iosif Stalin") nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no, yog tus thib ob tsib-xyoo txoj kev npaj yuav tsum tau lub ntsiab tus neeg caij tsheb nqaj hlau nyob rau hauv lub tiaj ua si ntawm lub teb chaws. Tab sis Kolomna Hoobkas tsis muaj hwj chim, koj khiav mus rau ib tug loj txaus los ntawm tej locomotives. Los ntawm kawg ntawm 1935, lawv raug tso tawm nkaus xwb rau. Txawm li cas los, ua nyob rau hauv lub 1927-1931 tus tshiab cog Voroshilov tshuab Hoobkas yuav muab cov ndlwg ntawm qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub locomotives nrog thaiv thooj voos kheej kheej thiab squared ntas.

Txawm zoo dua, zoo nkauj tshaj

Rau ib tug xwb nyob rau hauv 1936 nws tau tso 3 tshem ciav hlau. Ib co lus piv rau Kolomna chav engine lawm, piv txwv li, cov cav tov muaj ib tug 6-qag nyuj nyoos es tsis txhob ntawm 4-qag, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los rau. Nyuj nyoos dej tau ua kev ruaj ntseg thiab ntau elongated lub cev, uas pab txoj kev cov tsos ntawm cov cav thiab rau tag nrho cov tsheb ciav hlau. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1937 cov nroj tsuag los ntawm txhaj rau cov loj-scale lawm, ua 105 locomotives. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, 174 daim, twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1940, ua ntej tsov rog pib nyob rau hauv 1941, muaj 81 tshem ciav hlau. Xeem chav engine ntawm no series tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho Ulan-ude nyob rau hauv 1942. Tag nrho cov locomotives "Iosif Stalin" twb tso tawm 649 units.

sim qauv

Nyob rau hauv 1937, lub Chav cav twb tsim raws li ib tug xyaum ua tej yam 20 16. Tus qauv tau faired. Koj saib ntawm lub tshem ciav hlau thiab pom zoo nrog cov neeg uas nug vim li cas, ua cov sophisticated machines rov qab nyob rau hauv 1937, tam sim no lub teb chaws yuav lawv kev zoo sib thooj txawv teb chaws? Qhov ntau li vim hais tias txawm nyob rau hauv 1930, nyob rau hauv cov cua qhov tau nqa tawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub cav nyob rau hauv ib tug streamlined vaj tse nyob. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws twb pom tawm hais tias ua tsaug rau lub hwj chim ntawm tus ntawv koj yuav yeej 200-250 hp, thiab muaj zog ceev. Lub tshem ciav hlau ntawm daim ntawv no nrog disc log yuav tsim nws mus txog rau 160 km / h, uas nyob rau lub sij hawm yog ib tug meej cov ntaub ntawv. Outwardly, nws yog heev, heev zoo nkauj.

Soviet craftsmen

Lub alarm yog nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm ib tug chav tshem ciav hlau. Kev sib tw rau nws tus kheej ib tug plaub rau ob tug bogies. IC tshem ciav hlau twb nruab nrog Westinghouse nres. Nws kuj yuav raug ntxiv hais tias lub boiler yog ib tug dav firebox, uas yog saum toj no tus ncej thiab muaj American-style groove qab nthab thiab cov combustion chamber. Txuj ci tseem ceeb Soviet kev xav yog tus Chav Cav 20 16 uas nws specifications thiaj li zoo meej hais tias tsis tau sib haum mus rau hauv txoj kev. Tsheb ciav hlau, coj los ntawm xws li xyaw, xa mus rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm courier. Ncauj lus kom ntxaws specifications, menyuam los ntawm cov neeg txawj, yog muaj dav.

ib co ntaub ntawv

Ib tug yuav tsuas nco ntsoov tias lub tshem ciav hlau "Iosif Stalin" muaj xya axes. Ntawm no, plaub tau ua. PD los ntawm lub engine, raws li hais saum toj no, nws twb distinguished los ntawm log mis. Nws loj yog sib npaug zos rau 133 tons, lub coupling loj 88 m, nruab nrab ceev - 100-115 km / h. Cov locomotives yog ua nrog superheated chav thiab ib ob-lub tog raj kheej tshuab yooj yim cov kauj ruam.

Muaj nuj nqis engineering - YOG tshem ciav hlau - qhia nyob rau hauv peb Soviet nyiaj muas. Ib tug nrov Soviet zaj duab xis tso tawm tom qab tsov rog ( "Lub tsheb ciav hlau mus rau sab hnub tuaj"), qhov no tshem ciav hlau yog nyob rau hauv kev tsom teeb.