State Ntuj Reserve "Nenetsky": av, tsiaj txhu thiab nroj tsuag

Nws yog ib tug ntuj cia "Nenetsky" nyob rau lub ceg av qab teb Lavxias teb sab volvulus nyob rau hauv lub Barents hiav txwv. Peb fwm lawm xwb no nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe tiaj arctic thiab subarctic tundra, qhov twg cov daus cover kav 231 hnub hauv ib lub xyoo.

Nws yog cov vaj tse uas tsis tshua muaj kev cov tsiaj thiab cov noog (daj-cov nqi loon, bowhead whale, etc.), nyob qhov twg cov nroj tsuag loj hlob, ntau yam uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv. Reserve vim lub remoteness ntawm nws lub teb chaws los ntawm lub loj industrial qhauj yog tus txheem lub pristine kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub sab qaum teb tundra.

Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm foundations

Qhov yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj xws li ib tug cia nyob rau hauv lub Nenets Autonomous tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Russia twb tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam: nce anthropogenic tej yam ntawm geological kev tshawb kawm tuam txhab uas muag tsim roj thiab cov nkev teb; txoj kev loj hlob overgrazing ntawm domestic reindeer; kab mob sib kis ntawm cov av raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ntau lawm.

Tag nrho tej yam tau coj mus rau no: kev hloov nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso ecosystems - kev puas tsuaj thiab tag kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov av thiab cov nroj tsuag cover, txhawb tsis zoo thiab pliaj geomorphological dab, restructuring thiab yuav txo tau ntawm reindeer pastures, kev cuam tshuam ntawm hydrological regime tshaj loj heev rau tej thaj chaw. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1997, tsuas yog nyob rau lub sij hawm lub zeem cia tau raug tsa los ntawm tus Resolution ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsoom fwv. Nws tom qab ua lub npe hu ua lub "National Xwm Reserve" Nenets "."

Thiab cia "Nenets" nyob rau hauv 2010 tau txuas mus rau nws.

qhov chaw

Teem ib sab rau cia "Nenetsky" chaw uas zoo heev yog cov nyob sab Europe txheem sab qaum teb Russia. Nws siab raws li cov hom phiaj thiab cov hom phiaj ntawm ib puag ncig yam khoom.

Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam no yog nyob rau hauv lub Arctic vajvoog thiab yog ntxuav los ntawm nws cov dej thiab cov Barents Hiav txwv tsua. Reserved mainland nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub Malaya Zemlya tundra occupies ceg av qab teb Lavxias teb sab volvulus, ib tug 20-kilometer sawb ntawm av nyob rau hauv dav raws ntug dej hiav txwv Zakharyin, ib feem ntawm cov delta (qhov ncauj) p. Thiab Pechora dej delta. East Neruta. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam xws li muaj tus tuaj ntawm Green, Lovetskiy, Kashin, Green Mura thiab ib feem ntawm cov Barents hiav txwv (sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj) thiab lwm tus neeg.

Cov dej hauv cheeb tsam yog ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub zeem cia lub ib ncig. Qhov no Korovinskaya thiab Bolvansky daim di ncauj dej raws tus ntug dej Zakharyin (dav 10 km), tag nrho cov dej hauv cheeb tsam (km 2) inversion ceg av qab teb Lavxias teb sab, thiab lwm yam Nenetskii cia yog muab faib ua 4 sections :. Ostrovnoy Bolvansky, raws p. Pechora thiab Zakhar'in puam.

Hom kev thauj, uas koj yuav tau mus lub zeem cia rau hauv lub Naryan-ti (100 km): snowmobiles (nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no), tej nkoj nquam (nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov).

Hais txog qhov kev nyab xeeb

Txoj kev nyab xeeb yog subarctic marine cia. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lub cua kub dauv rau -46 ⁰ C. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo amplitude ntawm txhua hli kub yog hais txog 29 ⁰ C nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj - lub hli ntawm cia kom khov, thiab lub warmest yog Lub Xya hli ntuj.

Raws li sau tseg saum toj no, cov daus cover yog muab khaws cia tseg no rau feem ntau ntawm lub caij ntuj no, thaum lub sij hawm sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub zeem cia yog them nrog daus txog li 40 centimeters tuab nyob rau nruab nrab. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov hnub nrog blizzards yog kwv yees li 112. Nyob rau hauv lub coldest lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog yeej los ntawm cov cua sab qab teb-sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb, mus rhaub - cua ntawm lub sab qaum teb cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov compass.

Koom Haum Niam Nenets cia

Lub zeem cia chaw uas zoo heev yog tiaj tus struts. Yuav luag universally extends lowland xav swamped nrog heev heev raws thiab pas dej ntawm ntau ntau thiab tsawg. Nraum hom: hummock-hollow, caj-hollow, me me-hummocky.

Tubrog nkoj terraces yuav twb tsis siv rau sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws, raws li tau zoo raws li qhov kev ncua deb rau sab qab teb cheeb tsam theem nce me ntsis. Terraces Nenets cia muaj ib tug ca saum npoo, nrog lub swampy hollows thiab me me pas dej.

muaj

Cov zaub Nenets Reserve qhia tau hais tias raug thiab arctic tundra yeej los ntawm Moss thiab Lichen zej zog.

Lub hom muaj pes tsawg leeg yog muab faib mus rau hauv lub nram qab no ntawm cov nroj tsuag cov zej zog: lov tas vau (willow, ntsias birch thiab Labrador tshuaj yej), tsob nroj, Lichen thiab ntxhuab tundra, marshes, willow thiab melkotravnye grasslands (grasses thiab tshuaj ntsuab).

Vascular cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub zeem cia muaj 339 hom thiab subspecies (lawv yuav mus rau 56 tsev neeg). Lub richest muaj yog pom nyob rau hauv qis nce mus txog rau ntawm tus dej raws. Pechora. Nyob ntawm no ntau tshaj 200 hom. Tus liab Phau Ntawv teev tseg 32 hom ntawm vascular cov nroj tsuag tag nrho cov loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia: poppy Ugra, Rhodiola rosea, Pinguicula alpina, Dryas octopetala, tetrahedral Cassiopeia thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

fauna

Lossi nyob rau hauv lub Nenets cia yog ib lub tsev rau tsiaj txhu: hma liab, dawb hma liab, ermine, elk, OB thiab arctic lemming, wolverine, luav. Nws muaj peev xwm feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau hauv ceg av qab teb Lavxias teb sab inversion thiab cov Barents Hiav txwv Islands tuaj (sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm) cov dais.

Cov kev tiv thaiv dej yog inhabited los ntawm marine tsiaj - pinnipeds thiab cetaceans. Tsis tshua muaj yog grey thiab harp cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, baleen whales, thiab heev heev - qhov walrus, Beluga whale, tsiaj hiav txwv, hiav txwv luav.

Qhov twg lwm tus muaj peev xwm koj pom xws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov tsiaj uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Nenets Reserve? Nws los ua ib tug txhim khu kev qha vaj tse uas nyob beings li cov Atlantic walrus, lossis loj bowhead whale, tundra os dej dawb, daj-cov nqi loon, thiab lwm tus neeg.

Lub zeem cia lub tsiv teb tsaws lawv (East Atlantic), ntau hom noog. Lub zeem cia lub ib ncig - ib tug tseem ceeb ua kom pom tseeb ntawm qhov tu tub tu kiv ntawm coob ntawm cov noog (Waterfowl). Thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj sov, yog lawv loj tshaj hom ntau haiv vim lamellirostral (dub scoter, dawb-fronted gus, taum gus, Eider, etc.) Thiab waders. Herring gulls zes rau lub floodplain chaw, thiab loj zos ntawm arctic tern - nyob zeb nqaub. Owls, ptarmigan, Peregrine ua liaj, dawb-tailed dav dawb hau, ntxhib-legged buzzard, Merlin, Merlin, thiab lwm yam tas li ntawd nyob ntawm no.

Ib tug cim ntawm science thiab kev ruaj ntseg ua si Nenets Reserve hnub no yog lub nram qab no Waterfowl: ob hom me me sab qaum teb us (barnacle gus thiab lub tsawg lub dawb) thiab tundra (aka me me) Swan.

Ntawm cov ntses ntawm yuav tsum muaj tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov chaw yog ib tug complex ntawm whitefish: peled, whitefish, whitefish, Cisco thiab whitefish. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm ib feem ntawm lub hiav txwv tsua (sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj) txoj kev sau ntawm salmon tsiv teb tsaws.

excursions

Nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia rau nws cov neeg tuaj saib yog muaj ib tug fascinating ncig xyuas cov kev pab cuam: xyuas ntawm kuj tsis tshua muaj hom noog (Ornithology amateur), ib tug huab zoo ntawm lub caij ntuj no nyiaj so koobtsheej nyob rau hauv lub snow thiab cov nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov amid lub scenic ua hauj lwm. Ntawm no koj yuav tau siv sij hawm yog ib feem nyob rau hauv Conference tours.

Nyob rau hauv cov Islands tuaj ntawm lub Arctic Reserve "Nenets" yog muaj nyob nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab kev cai monuments uas txuam nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub kab lis kev cai ntawm lub Nenets neeg (sanctuary nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej cwj pwm ntawm kev txi - mlom, skulls ntawm polar bears, mos lwj tshuab raj, cov pob txha ntawm sacrificial tsiaj, thiab lwm yam).

Txij li thaum 2000, lub ob noj thiab cov chaw nres tsheb yog ib lub koom haum nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia rau tourists.

Thaum kawg, ib tug nthuav qhov tseeb

Nws hloov tawm hais tias yuav txiav txim rau lub xeev ntawm cov ib puag ncig qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub Arctic yog heev yooj yim - cia li mloog mus nyob muaj ib tug tsis tshua muaj heev noog - tundra (me me) kuab.

cov noog nyob rau hauv lub Nenets Autonomous District - lub feem ntau rhiab ntsuas ntawm lub ntuj puag ncig. Thaum tej degradation, kuab tam sim ntawd hloov lawv qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev.