Thaum nyob rau hauv 1983 hauv lub tebchaws United States tau txais lub MLRS MLRS, uas los ntawm nws tus yam ntxwv yog piv rau lub Soviet "Nag xob nag cua" system siv nyob rau hauv 1975, NATO lub teb chaws txiav txim siab hais tias overtook lub Soviet Union rau lub tshuab ntawm salvo hluav taws. Txawm li cas los, lawv muaj ib tug surprise. Plaub lub xyoos tom qab, nyob rau hauv 1987, txais yuav reactive artillery tso kom muaj kab muaj kev ntawm lub Soviet Army nkag mus hauv lub installation "Smerch".
Keeb kwm ntawm creation
Cov neeg ua hauj lwm los tsim ib tug tshiab foob pob ua ntxaij system ua ntej nws, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tsoos paub tab rau txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom, riam phom, manpower, airfields thiab khiav hauj lwm, ua thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm tactical cuaj luaj. Rau lub hom phiaj no nws yog tsim nyog los ua rau kom tus neeg thiab tua ntau. Rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm xws li ib tug system nws tuaj ntawm lub Tula tsim Bureau ntawm lub State kev tshawb fawb thiab Qhuav Enterprise "Fusion", uas tau tsim muaj ntau yam foob pob ua ntxaij launchers Russia. General designer yog Alexander Nikitivich Ganichev, thiab tom qab nws tuag - Denezhkin Gennadiy Alekseevich.
Tsim thiab nta
Thaum pib ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm designers yuav ntsib nrog ib tug tseem ceeb teeb meem. Tag nrho cov missile launchers Russia thiab lub ntiaj teb no, pib nrog rau lub legendary "Katyusha", nrog ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv lub tua ntau yam poob lawv lub ntsiab kom zoo dua - pov tsoo lub hom phiaj tsis, cuam tshuam ib tug loj dispersal rockets. Yuav kom kov yeej no drawback, thawj davhlau ntawm ib tug kho lus twb thov nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm tus hais tias cov mos txwv nyob rau hauv cov suab thiab yawm. Los ntawm kev siv ib tug tshwj xeeb kev tswj system ntaus raug tau tiav nyob rau hauv ob, thiab raug - peb lub sij hawm siab tshaj hais tias ntawm zoo xws li cov txawv teb chaws systems ntawm salvo hluav taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub projectile thov ib tug zoo cov khoom-boosters. Tag nrho cov uas hais tias lub installation ntawm "twister" - ib tug riam phom ntawm ib tug fundamentally theem tshiab uas yog unparalleled nyob rau hauv ntau yam thiab tua hwj chim ntawm hluav taws, kev puas tsuaj ntawm armored tsheb thiab manpower tej zaum tus yeeb ncuab.
nyiaj ntawm cov mos txwv
RZSO "twister" - installation ntawm pov hluav taws. Nws muaj ib tug community launch qhia Hlab 12, ntsig txog, nyob rau hauv lub mos txwv muaj xws li 12 ntau hom kev cuaj luaj. Xav txog tej ntawm lawv. 9M55K plhaub muaj ib lub taub hau feem nrog fragmentation ntsiab. Tsim los koom mos-skinned technology thiab manpower nyob rau hauv lub qhib countryside. Lub projectile comprises 9M55K1 homing submunitions. Tsim ua kom puas rau sab saum toj ntawm armored tsheb thiab tso tsheb hlau luam. Cuaj luaj 9M55K3 thiab K4 yog siv rau cov anti-neeg thiab anti-tsuas feem. Lub taub hau feem 646 yog txawm peem rau 9M55K5 submunitions nrog zoo li tus-fragmentation lethality. Punch 120 hli homogeneous armor thiab qhov zoo tshaj tiv thaiv infantry uas tsiv nyob rau hauv BMP thiab APCs. Missile 9M55F comprises ib detachable high-heev fragmentation warhead. Nws txav manpower, kev sib txuas lus chaw zov me nyuam, lub tsev hauv paus, cov tub rog thiab muaj cov chaw. Qhov tseem cuam tshuam projectile rau "twister" yog 9M55S nruab thermobaric warhead (thiaj li hu ua roj-cua explosives, los yog tshuab nqus tsev pob). Ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xeev cov kev ntsuam xyuas, uas txiav txim seb tus efficiency ntawm nws siv, yog txwv kom muab zais.
Tam sim no, raws li nyob rau hauv lub saum toj no munitions tsim tshiab cuaj luaj nrog nce firing ntau yam ntawm 90 kis lus mev. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg lwm unconventional warhead. Nws yog ib tug missile nrog ib tug unmanned aircraft, uas yog npaj los saib xyuas thiab cov yeeb ncuab reconnaissance rau ib nrab ib teev, thiab muaj ib tug high degree ntawm invulnerability tsaug rau nws cov me me luaj li cas.
Lub complex MRL
Pov installation "Smerch" muaj ib tug kev sib ntaus los lub tsheb 9A52, tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm plaub-qag chassis uas muaj tus ntoo khaub lig-MAZ 543 lub tsheb. Nws tau koom ua ke ib lub pob ntawm 12 guides ib tubular zoo lawm, muaj xov tooj cua kev sib txuas lus khoom, raws li zoo raws li muaj cov khoom hluav taws tswj system. transportnozaryazhayuschaya tshuab yog siv rau loading lub launcher, muaj 9T234 index, kuj nyob rau hauv lub MAZ-543. Lub export version ntawm lub MLRS muab, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov, yog ib tug hloov tsheb "Tatra-816." Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv tej lub teb chaws, xws li Is Nrias teb, muaj ib tug zoo tsim kev pab cuam ntawm no lub tuam txhab. Yuav kom paub meej npaum tauj daim ntawv thov chaw yog siv: complex IQ (Tsis siv neeg tua hluav taws tswj) 9S729M1 "Cam khwb cia-1" KamAZ-43114 ( «Tatra-T815"); Faib rau num (1T12-2M index, gaz-66); Meteorological radiopelengatsionny complex 1B44 "Smile" ( "Ural-43203").
Lub teb chaws nrog txhais tes rau ntawm RZSO
Los ntawm lub sij hawm lub Soviet Union collapsed nyob rau hauv lub caj npab ntawm peb regiments foob pob ua ntxaij artillery tau lub installation "Smerch". 336 tso kom muaj kab muaj kev tom qab xyoo 1991 los lawm yuav nyob rau hauv Belarus, 337 - nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab 371 - nyob rau hauv Ukraine. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau saum toj-hais lub teb chaws, lub installation pab nyob rau hauv Azerbaijan, Algeria, Venezuela, Georgia, Is Nrias teb, Kuwait, UAE, Peru thiab Turkmenistan. Ib feem ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws tau muab tso rau ncaj qha Rosoboronexport, thiab ib co tau raug muag los ntawm cov reserves ntawm lub Soviet Ukraine thiab Belarus. Tuam Tshoj ua RZSO "Smerch" muaj ntawv tso cai nyob rau hauv nws cov chassis.
pheej uas
Nyob rau hauv hnub no tus Russia yog tsim tshiab missile systems. Ib tug yees duab ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv yog sawv cev rau koj. Qhov no installation ntawm "Kama" nyob rau hauv lub tshiab chassis KAMAZ-6350 nrog 6 ntsia es tsis txhob ntawm 12, uas yog thawj pom hais tias nws nyob rau qhov khoos kas aerospace qhia "MAKS-2007". RZSO kuj tseem los tsim tshiab tiam ntawm "Tornado", uas yuav sai sai no intercede rau kev sib ntaus los luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tub rog thiab cov tub rog ntawm lwm lub teb chaws.