Ua lag ua luam, Kev lag luam
Ua lag ua luam tswv yim: cov log tsheb recycling
Txhua yam ntawm peb paub li cas lub tsheb yuav ua tau tsis muaj log tsheb. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua txhua yog xav txog qhov chaw tsis lov log tsheb. Muaj ob txoj kev: yog log yog xa mus rau qhov chaw luag thiab li paug cov ib puag ncig los yog tiav. Peb yuav hais nrog cog qoob loo uas lub log yog ib tug txaus ntshai pollutant, li ntawd nws yog ib txwm ua kom pov tseg ntawm. Rau qhov yooj yim vim li cas, muaj tag nrho cov mus nkag tau rau kev tsim koj tus kheej me me Hoobkas, qhov twg nws yuav tau nqa tawm cov log tsheb recycling.
Yuav ua li cas txhua leej txhua tus yuav tsum paub
Txhua xyoo lub xov tooj ntawm lub tsheb rau hauv txoj kev nce los ntawm hais txog 5-10%. Nyob rau qhov no hauv paus, nws yuav tsub tus nqi ntawm cov log tsheb coj los ntawm hais txog 1 million tonnes. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, qhov teeb meem ntawm recycling yog heev loj heev. Tej daws tau qhov teeb meem yuav yog hais tias yuav tsim kom muaj lawv tus kheej me me-scale lawm. Koj muaj ob peb qho kev xaiv rau cov lag luam loj hlob. Piv txwv li, tej zaum nws yuav nyob rau hauv kev ntawm cov tsheb log tsheb los yog roj ib qho kuam me me. Yog hais tias koj xav tau txais roj, koj yuav tsum siv ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj cov nyiaj, vim hais tias cov ntau lawm kab yog heev loj. Ceeb toom kuj tau hais tias koj yuav tsis tau tsuas yog ua hauj lwm nrog cov log tsheb, tab sis kuj nrog yas khoom uas hais tias ib co nce profitability. Nyob rau hauv no ua lag ua luam muaj ib tug ob peb undeniable zoo, peb tam sim no saib lawv txhua txhua tus.
Firstly, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hliv ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj nyob rau hauv lub purchase ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias ib tug lov log yog pov. Local tub ceev xwm, yog hais tias lawv yog, ntawm chav kawm, muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog txoj kev noj lub nroog, ua rau koj tag nrho xa. Tab sis hais tias yog tsis yog txhua txhua, vim hais tias cov municipality yog npaj them rau dab tsi koj enterprise ub ntawm log tsheb yuav tsum nqa tawm. Pom zoo rau tau txais ze li ntawm dawb khoom muag, tab sis tseem ua ib cov nyiaj ntawm lub fact tias koj koom nyob rau hauv no ua lag ua luam, phem heev. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov no tsis tas muaj, vim hais tias peb lub hom phiaj - los tsis yog yuav pab cawm cov ib puag ncig, tab sis kuj yuav tau txais net profit. Major cov nyiaj yuav tuaj los ntawm cov muag khoom ntawm tus tib roj roj, uas yog ib tug heev nrov hom roj nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb. Los ntawm txoj kev, free cov ntaub ntawv, koj yuav tau txais rau cov log tsheb cov ntsiab lus, uas nyob rau hauv loj lub zos muaj ntau tshaj li txaus. Qhov no yog hais tias cov neeg ua hauj lwm noj thiab thiaj li nyob. N. Them nyiaj ntxiv rau cov tshem tawm ntawm qub log tsheb thiab lawv pov tseg.
Phiaj roj hmab log tsheb "rau" thiab "tawm tsam"
Peb tsis tau hais ib lo lus hais txog qhov tseeb hais tias qhov no me me tseem tsis tau teb tiav log. Tus nab npawb ntawm businessmen nyob rau hauv daim teb no yog tus me me, hais txog 20% ntawm cov pom index. Ntawm no peb muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab tias tsuas yog ib tug thib tsib ntawm cov hlua roj hmab zoo tu qab tso thiab siv, tus so mus landfill. Koj yuav tsum to taub hais tias 1000 kilograms ntawm burnt log tsheb - yog 450 kg ntawm ntau yam nkev kuab lom tog thiab muaj hmoov quav 250-270 kilograms. Tab sis yog hais tias tus nqi qub roj hmab zoo pov tseg ntawm, lub tsuas yuav muab tau los ntawm hais txog 700 kilograms ntawm high-qib roj hmab, uas yuav siv tau rau ua roj a thiab roj hmab cov khoom. Ces nws ua rau me ntsis kev txiav txim zoo los tham txog muaj scale enterprise, tiam sis ntawm no yog ib tug me me ua tsob nroj yuav tau kho cov log tsheb yog txawm tau.
txheej txheem
Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, muaj yog tsis muaj big deal, tiam sis nws yog tsim nyog los tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm txhua theem ntawm ntau lawm. Nyob rau hauv thaum pib, koj yuav tsum pib sau log tsheb. Ces koj yuav tsum coj lawv mus rau lub warehouse ntawm lub enterprise rau ntxiv ua. Yuav kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub txiab, uas, incidentally, yog tsis pheej yig, nws yog tsim nyog los soj ntsuam tag nrho cov raw cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm hlau tej khoom, xws li disks los yog rings. Nrog kev xav txog tej cuab tam, ces Tob nws yuav tsum nyob rau hydraulic txiab, tab sis hais tias tsis tas, peb mam li tham txog ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej. Ntxiv shredded log tsheb mus rau lub reactor - ib tug tshwj xeeb lub chaw rau ub log tsheb, uas ua hauj lwm rau ib lub muab kub, feem ntau 450 degrees Celsius. Lub decomposition ua rau lub fact tias peb muaj ib tug ob peb semi-tiav lawm cov khoom xws li roj, hlau, roj fractions.
Cov tib roj siv los txhawb combustion nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg raws li ib tug byproduct roj. Nws pov tseg tso tawm rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Koj yuav tsis hu nws ib tug zoo tshuaj, tab sis qhov kev tso tawm ntawm nco pov tseg truck gases. Raws li rau tus so loj, ces nws kis tau los ntawm ib tug sib nqus separator, yog tias yooj yim cov ntsiab lus, ces sieved los ntawm ib tug sab cib. Hlau ntsiab yog tshem tawm thiab xa mus rau lub warehouse. Hnyav roj roj yog thauj los ntawm pipeline mus rau ib tug tank nyob rau hauv uas cov roj yuav tau muab cia ua ntej rau zaub mov xa tuaj. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias installation ntawm recycling ntawm log tsheb, uas tso cai rau koj mus tau pyrolysis roj, kim heev - txog 2 lab rubles. Nws ua tau zoo - hais txog 5 txhiab tons ntawm crude roj ib hnub twg, uas yog muaj ntau yam ..
Qhuav ntawm ib qho kuam me me roj hmab
Thiab ntawm no yog lwm nthuav txaus lub tswv yim, uas tsis tau txais kom zoo faib rau hnub tim. Lub essence ntawm no ua lag ua luam yog hais tias koj yuav muag lub as thiab ua roj hmab, uas yuav siv tau rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Yuav kom koj hais txog kev to taub dab tsi nws yog hais txog, nws yog tsim nyog los coj lub zuag qhia tag nrho kev kawm nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis. Yog li ntawd, tons ntawm ib qho kuam me me roj hmab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev ua lag luam yuav tsum tau tsim nyog tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 20 000 rubles. Nrog hais txog loj tau txais kev pab, nws yog siv tuam txhab uas muag, manufacturers ntawm roj hmab khoom, vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv, coatings thiab siv ntawm kev ua si cov cuab yeej thiab thiaj li nyob. N. Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, qhov muag point yog yooj yim heev mus nrhiav tau.
Nws yog tsim nyog los noj mus rau hauv tus account kuj lub fact tias nyob rau hauv Russia txhua xyoo yog pov ib ncig 700-800 txhiab. Tons ntawm pov tseg log tsheb. Kwv yees li 20-25% yog siv kom zoo, txhua tsav txhua yam los yog cia li dag nyob rau hauv landfills los yog incinerated. Yog li ntawd, recycling ntawm log tsheb mus rau hauv tej yam khoom noj yuav ua kom muaj 5-8 billion, tab sis nws yog muaj teev. Yog hais tias koj koom nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug pov tseg, koj yuav xav tau ib tug kho tshuab crusher ntawm lub Hoobkas. Tej cuab yeej yuav tsum tau hloov ntau heev, uas ua rau yus cov nqi siab dua. Lwm drawback ntawm lub tswv yim no yog tias kov ib tug ntau ntawm hluav taws xob, hais txog 500 kilowatts ib tuj ntawm tiav lawm cov khoom. Txawm li cas los, ua rau cov pib-log nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev yuav pab. Tab sis, tsuas yog tias koj tau txais qhov kev tsim nyog pab los ntawm lub xeev.
Khoom rau cov zauv log tsheb
Nyias yuav tau mus tham txog, los ntawm uas peb cov kab ntau lawm yuav tsum tau. Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov khoom siv yog tsis ntau, thiab nws tsis yog yooj yim rau tag nrho cov. Cuaj kaum, tus nqi ntawm "tom". Main unit -. Qhov no log ub tsob nroj (reactor), qhov siab ntawm 10 meters, dav ntawm 3.5 meters, ib tug ntev ntawm 5 m Nruab ib lub tsev tsuas xav tau kev pab ib qhov chaw qhib uas yog nyob rau hauv lub qhib ntuj. Koj, raws li ib tug yav tom ntej ua lag luam yuav tsum to taub hais tias koj yuav tau them ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj rau hluav taws xob. Lub reactor nws tus kheej kov txog 6 kilomatt ib teev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj kuj yog ib tug khub ntawm txiab - 7-8 kW / h. Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, nws yog yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom uas yog tsim nyog rau lub caij pib ntawm ntau lawm. Dab tsi yog yuav tsum tau yog ib tug ob peb crucibles rau unloading cov khoom tau.
Raws li sau tseg saum toj no, cov reactor muaj ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm kwv yees li 5 tons ib hnub twg. Tab sis los ntawm no loj ntawm hais txog 40% yuav tsum yog ib tug ua kua roj. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm decomposition koj tau txais cov roj (hais txog ib tug tuj) thiab nyob rau hauv ib co 0.5 tons ntawm steel qaum. Ib tug yuav tsum tsis nco qab txog cov khoom residue (carbon khoom), uas yog hais txog 30% ntawm tag nrho cov zis. Nws yog ib nqi hmoog rau lub fact tias cov recycling ntawm qub log tsheb nyob rau hauv lub reactor yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tas mus hom. Txhua yam koj yuav tau ua - yog ntxiv lub log. Combustion yog txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub gas ua los ntawm lub cub tawg. Yuav kom koj khiav lag luam cov reactor muaj ob tug qhia tshwj xeeb uas kawm tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov kev cob qhia kev kawm yuav mus ceev ceev txaus. Thiab tam sim no cia peb mus tom ntej thiab saib ib co tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus.
Yuav ua li cas tau nyiaj ntau npaum li cas kuv yuav tsum tau pib?
Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab yam uas xav nyob rau hauv kiag li tag nrho cov beginners. High nqi yog tsis tsim nyog no. Yog hais tias koj yeej yuav tau mus yuav b / equipments (reactor, txiab), koj muaj peev xwm txuag tau li 20% ntawm tag nrho cov. Nws yog ib nqi coj ntawd kauj ruam los tsis yog, nws yog rau koj. Muaj yog tsis muaj guarantee hais tias ib tug siv reactor yog tawm ntawm kev txiav txim tom qab thawj zaug thaum tshav kub kub. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis muaj leej twg yuav tau them puas tsuaj. Rau txhua yam koj yuav tsum txaus rau ib tug lab rubles. Qhov no muaj xws li tus nqi ntawm cov reactor peev xwm ntawm 5 tons / hnub, raws li tau zoo raws li ib tug khub ntawm txiab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau mus yuav ntau yam tso tsheb hlau luam (60 tons). Yog hais tias nws yuav tsum b / y muaj peev xwm, lub tsev yuav tau them ib co 25 000 rubles. Yuav ua li cas ntau daim koj yuav tsum xav hais tias rau koj tus kheej, tab sis tsis tas yuav tsum muaj ib tug los yog ob tug tso tsheb hlau luam. Lub fact tias cov ua ntawm log tsheb mus rau hauv roj - ib tug caij nyoog ua lag ua luam.
Thaum lub sij hawm lub downturn nyob rau hauv roj nqi nws yog zoo dua tsis mus muag, tiam sis tsuas yog noog. Thaum nws tawm los lub sij hawm mus nce, thiab nws yuav tshwm sim tas, koj muaj peev xwm khwv tau ib tug zoo cov nyiaj khwv tau los ntawm muag tag nrho cov roj ntawm ib zaug. Xws li ib tug lub tswv yim yog xam tau tias yog siv tau thiab zoo txaus. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais hais tias koj yuav tsum tau kiag li khov qhov muag, txaus txo lawv los ntawm 50-75%. Nws tseem yog tsim nyog rau them neeg ua hauj lwm. Plaub tshwj xeeb yuav raug nqi txog 60 txhiab rubles ib lub hlis, thiab cov cuab yeej thiab ua hauj lwm khaub ncaws - lwm 50 txhiab. Tseem muaj kev kev siv: hluav taws xob, cov se, daim ntawv xauj tsev them nyiaj, thiab lwm yam ...
Hais txog enterprise nyiaj khwv tau los
Raws li koj tau pom, cov log tsheb recycling tshuab yog haum yooj yim. Ntawm no yog tsis muaj roj additives, complex tshuaj thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv mus, raws li sau tseg saum toj no, lub raw khoom rau free. Tej zaum txawm nyob rau tus sau los ntawm log tsheb koj yuav khwv tau ib co nyiaj uas yuav tau them txhua hli hluav taws xob nqi. Yog hais tias koj nyob rau hauv lub xeev, nws yog tsis zoo li hais tias koj yuav tau them rau ub, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub loj lub zos qhov teeb meem no yog heev txawv. Muaj ntau ntau industries uas them zoo nyiaj rau ub roj hmab. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias muaj ntau kiag landfill tsis kam txais tos ntawm xws pov tseg. Thaum lub sij hawm ua ntawm tons ntawm log tsheb koj yuav tau txais ib tug txawv nqi ntawm 2 mus rau 5 txhiab rubles.
Teeb meem nrog pib ib lub lag luam
Nws yog hais tias tsuas nrhiav tsis tau ib tug dawb av. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nws yog tsim nyog kom ib tug muaj kev ruaj ntseg kev ncua deb ntawm thaj tsev, uas yog 300 meters. Lub farther cov nroj tsuag los ntawm lub nroog, ntau dua qhov lub nqi ntawm shipping raw cov ntaub ntawv, tsis txhob hnov qab txog nws. Thiab nco ntsoov hais tias tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus xav kom muaj rau lub qhov rais twb nqa tawm cov log tsheb recycling. Xyuas zoo tib yam cov pej xeem tsis zoo li txawm yog hais tias tus reactor yuav sawv ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 400 meters los ntawm thaj chaw. Rau qhov yooj yim vim li cas, tab tom nrhiav rau ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam. Feem ntau cov yuav, koj yuav nrhiav tau nws, vim hais tias ib tug heev heev ntawm khoob chaw. Txhua yam uas koj xav tau - yog mus sib ncaj qha nrog rau lub tuam txhab, raws li ib tug txoj cai, ua tsis yog li ntawd tsis yooj yim. Thaum tus heev tsawg, yooj yim npaum li mus xaus ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau cov tua hluav taws ua thiab tsau tshuaj cov chaw.
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias koj xav tau ib daim ntawv tso rau pov tseg recycling. Tau qhov tso cai ntaub ntawv no yog ib qho yooj yim, vim log tsheb yog tsis yog tej ntaub ntawv (Group 4). Tab sis lub snag yog tias koj ntau lawm yog officially pollutes cov cua. Feem ntau cov yuav, koj yuav tsum tau nug (by force) mus yuav cov kev kho mob nroj tsuag. Nws nqi yog feem ntau ob peb lub sij hawm ntau tshaj li tag nrho nroj tsuag. Tab sis muaj ob peb txoj kev uas yuav pab tau koj ncua lub purchase ntawm ib tug tej lub sij hawm. Kws txawj hais tias nws yog tsis tsim nyog mus qhib ib tug ua tsob nroj ntawm ib tug khoom. Zoo li nws los yog tsis, txiav txim siab rau koj tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, koj muaj peev xwm ib txwm nthuav koj lub khw thiab qhuav muaj iav, yas los yog hlau. Raws li statistics, 75% ntawm cov neeg ua lag luam yuav ntsib nrog environmentalists, uas yog ceev faj txog qhov no zoo ntawm ntau lawm.
Ib tug ob peb tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus
Raws li sau tseg ib tug me ntsis ntau dua, koj yuav pom tau tias cov "tsi xam pom cov nuj nqis" yam khoom yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv koj lub lag luam txoj kev npaj. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias yuav tsum tau mus daws tej teeb meem nrog environmentalists thiab yooj. Piv txwv li, rau lub cia ntawm cov roj roj nyob rau hauv lub tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab xav tau kev pab xwb ib tug tiv thaiv ntaub thaiv npog, tab sis b / y muaj peev xwm yuav tsum tau ntxiv tiv thaiv. Ntawm no thiab tshwj xeeb kab rau roj thiab cov nkev, thiab cov lus qhia nyob rau hluav taws kev ruaj ntseg cov neeg ua, thiab tshaj. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub nws yog tsim nyog los muaj ib tug cia nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj txiag ntawm ib tug ob peb puas txhiab. Qhov no yuav txuag koj ntawm ntau yam teeb meem. Cov khoom nuj nqis yog cov loj loj txaus, tab sis peb twb tau them, thiab tej zaum koj paub tias dab tsi yuav tsum dealt nrog.
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias koj yog ib tug thawj coj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsuas saib txoj kev uas koj ua hauj lwm, tab sis kuj ua tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam sib npaug ib qho tseem ceeb paub tab. Cov lawv: lub txuas ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub enterprise ib thaj tsam, accounting thiab cov nyiaj ua se accounting, raws li zoo raws li lub hloov cov hom phiaj thiab kev npaj rau lub nyob ze yav tom ntej. advertising koj - cov rau khoom Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, ib qho tseem ceeb point yog tsis hais. Muaj ob peb xaiv. Ib tug ntawm lawv - mus tsim koj tus kheej lub ntsiab lub website uas koj yuav muab cov roj, thiab lwm yam Tsis muaj leej twg tso tseg tawm ntawm tug, chaw tos npav thiab sawv ... Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, nws yog ib tug zoo thiab siv tau txoj kev los qhia lawv tus kheej kom nrov nrov. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, rau ib tug me me nqi, koj yuav xauj ib lub billboard thiab muab lawv tawm muaj. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no yuav tsum tau ua ntse ntsuav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis sib tshooj ntau heev ntxiv, tab sis kuj nyiam cov xim ntawm lub peev xwm cov neeg tuaj saib.
xaus
Yog li ntawd peb tham rau koj hais txog dab tsi ib tug log ub thiab yuav ua li cas mus qhib ib lub lag luam. Raws li koj tau pom, txhua yam yog yooj yim heev, tab sis muaj ntau ntau yam tseem ceeb. Tej zaum nws tshwm sim hais tias nws yog ib qhov nyuaj mus nrhiav ib tug kws kho mob, los yog lub xeem tsis kam los cia li muab lub qub log tsheb, thiab yuav tsum tau nyiaj rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, koj yuav tau nrhiav lwm, ntau tsim nyog chaw uas qhov tshaj khib nyiab yuav yuav tsuas zoo siab heev tau tshem ntawm, tab sis tseem muab koj cov nyiaj cia rau hauv txoj kev. Tej zaum nws yuav ua rau kev txiav txim zoo los xaus ib daim ntawv cog lus rau ib tug tag nrho lub sij hawm tus me nyuam. Yog li ntawd koj yuav tau tshem tawm downtime ntawm lawv lub lag luam thiab ua rau kom cov nyiaj tau los. Tiam sis tag nrho tej no yuav tsum yuav negotiated ncaj nraim nrog cov enterprise-tsum. Nco ntsoov hais tias nws yog ntau npaum li cas yooj yim mus nrhiav tau lub point ntawm cov log tsheb muag khoom, es ib tug businessman, uas yog npaj txhij mus yuav no thoob khib nyiab. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv ib co lub zos lub reactor rau cov zauv rau lub log yog tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov.
Yog hais tias koj tau txais ib tug zoo roj, ces taw rau lub zog los yog lwm qhov boiler. Muaj koj yuav tau txais Library los ntawm cov roj uas yog tseem ceeb heev rau dej cua sov. Yog hais tias koj yuav tau txais cov roj hmab ib qho kuam me me, koj yuav tsum muaj cov tshuab nqi txog 500 000 rubles. Hluav taws xob noj rau 1 ton - 90 kW. Lub disadvantage ntawm no mus kom ze yog hais tias ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm tuaj (40 daim) ris tawm tom qab ua pua pua ntawm cov log tsheb, li ntawd, lawv feem ntau muaj hloov. Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, ib tug riam yuav tsum tau muab rau xwb 30 rubles, uas yog tus me me. Yog li, lub sau ua ib pawg muaj peev xwm ntawm 20 cov tsheb npav rau ib teev them rau txog rau lub hlis. Cov kev tshwm sim yog tib yam li nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm roj roj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, tsawg dua ntawm ib qho teeb meem nrog lub environmentalists thiab neeg tua hluav taws raws li peb tsis soj ntsuam nrog rau tej pov tseg rau hauv lub chaw los yog kua roj. Zoo, nyob rau hauv tus, tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm. Cov feem ntau nyuaj - yog yuav pib, thiab ces yuav tau ntau npaum li cas yooj yim.
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